高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江西省贛州市大余縣部分高中2025-2026學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中考試英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，AExercisingLeadership:HarvardXFoundationalPrinciplesDuration4weeks,2-3hoursperweek;startfromNov.5.AboutthiscourseThecrisesofourtimegenerateenormousadaptivechallengesforourfamilies,organizations,communities,andsocieties.Theneedforleadershipthatcanmobilizepeopletomeetthesechallengesandimprovelifeiscritical.Inthisintroductorycourse,youwillexplorestrategiesforleadinginachangingworldwhereadaptivepressureswillcontinuetochallengeallofus.Youwilldiscovernewwaystoapproachcomplexorganizationalsystemsandtakethoughtfulactionontheworkweallfaceahead.Mostimportantly,youwillreflectonhowtomoveforwardontheleadershipchallengesyoucareaboutmost.Ataglance·Institution:HarvardX·SubjectBusiness&Management·Level:Introductory·Language:English·VideoTranscript:English·Associatedskills:LeadershipWhatyou'lllearnInthisshortintroductorycourse,youwilldiscoveradiagnostic-and-actionprocessforexercisingleadershipthatexploresthefollowingfoundationalprinciplesandstrategies:·Howtoidentifyandbreakdowncomplexchallenges.·Howtounderstandtheroleofformalandinformalauthority.·Howtobuildandrenewtrustrelationships.·Howtoapproachconflict.AbouttheinstructorRonaldHeifetz:Founder,CenterforPublicLeadership.1.Whatistheminimumtimerequiredtocompletethiscourse?A.2hours. B.3hours. C.8hours. D.12hours.2.Whoisthecourseintendedfor?A.Individualsfacingleadershipchallenges. B.Experiencedmanagersintechcompanies.C.Professionalsseekingleadershipcertificates. D.Highschoolstudentsplanningtolearnbusiness.3.Whatkeyskilldoesthecourseteach?A.Rebuildingtrustbonds. B.Buildingpersonalauthority.C.Avoidingdailyconflicts. D.Maintainingcomplexsystems.【答案】1.C2.A3.A【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了哈佛大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力基礎(chǔ)課程，主要包含課程時(shí)長、內(nèi)容、適用人群及教學(xué)目標(biāo)等信息。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)中“Duration”部分“4weeks,2-3hoursperweek;startfromNov.5.(4周，每周需2-3小時(shí)，從11月5日開始)”可知，最小總時(shí)間為每周最少2小時(shí)×4周=8小時(shí)。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Aboutthiscourse”部分第一段的“Theneedforleadershipthatcanmobilizepeopletomeetthesechallengesandimprovelifeiscritical.(對(duì)于能夠動(dòng)員民眾共同應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)并改善生活的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的需求至關(guān)重要。)”以及第二段的“Mostimportantly,youwillreflectonhowtomoveforwardontheleadershipchallengesyoucareaboutmost.(最為重要的是，您需要思考如何應(yīng)對(duì)您最為關(guān)注的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方面的挑戰(zhàn)并繼續(xù)前行。)”可知，需要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力來應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，思考如何應(yīng)對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方面的挑戰(zhàn)，因此推斷這項(xiàng)課程針對(duì)的是面臨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力挑戰(zhàn)的個(gè)人。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatyou'lllearn”部分的“Inthisshortintroductorycourse,youwilldiscoveradiagnostic-and-actionprocessforexercisingleadershipthatexploresthefollowingfoundationalprinciplesandstrategies:……Howtobuildandrenewtrustrelationships.(在這門簡短的入門課程中，您將了解到一種用于開展領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作的診斷與行動(dòng)流程，該流程涵蓋了以下基本原理和策略：……如何建立和修復(fù)信任關(guān)系)”可知，這門課程教授的主要技能有：重建信任紐帶”。故選A。BLastyear,mydadwasdiagnosedwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥)—aprogressiveandfataldisease.It’salreadytakenmydad’sabilitytotalkandeatnormally.Thereisnocure.Whenhetoldmeabouthisdiagnosis,Iknewtwothingsinstantly:IwantedtospendasmuchtimewithhimaspossibleandifIwasgoingtobelivinginmychildhoodhome,Iwouldneedahobby.Thoughneverskilledatcrafts,I’vealwaysfoundcomfortintextiles.Mymother,whohadknittedagranny-squareblanketinhertwenties,wasgametore-learnhowtodoit.Inheryouth,Grannysquaresbecametheafter-dinnerroutineandsoonIwaschurningoutdozensofmulticoloredsquares.Anditfeltlikethisprojectwas,maybe,helping?“It’sincrediblymindful,”saysGabrielleGatto,adeatheducatorinourcommunity.“That’spartofreallysittingwithsomething.”O(jiān)naTuesdayevening,Gattosetsupasnacktableinsidethecemetery`schurch,preparingforthestartofhermonthlyinteractiveworkshop,“Grieving&Weaving.”“Ithinkitwasimportanttohavethatinthenameaswell,”shesays.“Wearegoingtotalkaboutgrief,deathandloss.Butwe'realsogoingtocreatehappymemoriestogether,eatinganddrinkingabunchofthings.”It’saprojectthathadbeensittinginherclosetformonths.Earlierthisyear,afterbothhergrandmothersdied,shelostwhatshecallsthe“knittinglight”forawhile.Rafferty,whoisalsoatherapist,saysshealmostskippedtheworkshoptostayhomewithherdog,butshe’sgladshedidn't—beinghereistherapeutic.AsGattosays,afterall,it'snottheendproductthat'sthetherapy.It’stheactofdoingit.“Abigthingwithgriefismovingthroughitbothmentallyandphysically,”Gattosays.“Andthat'sexactlywhatwedohere.Webringsomethingthatismaybeheavyonourmindsorourhearts.Andthenweworkwithourhands.Weworkwithit,andweworktogether.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“game”inparagraph2mean?A.Resistant. B.Hesitant. C.Curious. D.Willing.5.Whydidtheauthorturntoknittingafterherfather'sdiagnosis?A.Tocreateagiftforherfather. B.Tofollowhermother'shobby.C.Toseekcomfortanddistraction. D.Tomasteranewprofessionalskill.6.WhatisRafferty'sattitudetotheworkshop?A.Cautious. B.Supportive. C.Critical. D.Dismissive.7.WhatisthekeytothetherapyprocessaccordingtoGatto?A.Forgettingsadnessbykeepingbusy. B.Creatingavaluableproductasasymbol.C.Achievinghighefficiencythroughteamwork. D.Turninginnerpainintoasharedphysicalactivity.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者父親確診肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥后，作者與母親重拾編織尋求慰藉；社區(qū)教育者Gatto開設(shè)“悲傷與編織”工作坊，治療師Rafferty參與后認(rèn)為其有療效，Gatto強(qiáng)調(diào)治療關(guān)鍵是動(dòng)手編織與共同面對(duì)悲傷的過程。【4題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Mymother,whohadknittedagranny-squareblanketinhertwenties,wasgametore-learnhowtodoit.Inheryouth,Grannysquaresbecametheafter-dinnerroutineandsoonIwaschurningoutdozensofmulticoloredsquares.(我母親二十多歲時(shí)織過方塊毯，她很game重新學(xué)習(xí)編織。她年輕時(shí)織方塊毯是晚飯后的日常，很快我就織出了幾十個(gè)彩色方塊。)”可知，母親曾有編織經(jīng)歷且后續(xù)作者也參與，推測game意為“愿意的”，與Willing一致。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thoughneverskilledatcrafts,I’vealwaysfoundcomfortintextiles...Anditfeltlikethisprojectwas,maybe,helping?(雖不擅長手工，但我總能從紡織品中找到慰藉……且感覺這個(gè)項(xiàng)目或許有幫助？)”可知，作者轉(zhuǎn)向編織是為尋求慰藉、轉(zhuǎn)移焦慮。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Rafferty,whoisalsoatherapist,saysshealmostskippedtheworkshoptostayhomewithherdog,butshe’sgladshedidn’t—beinghereistherapeutic.(Rafferty也是一名治療師，她說她差點(diǎn)兒沒有參加這個(gè)工作坊，而是呆在家里陪她的狗，但她很高興自己沒有這樣做（呆在家里）——而來這里是一種治療。)”可知，Rafferty認(rèn)可工作坊的作用，持支持態(tài)度。故選B。【7題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Abigthingwithgriefismovingthroughitbothmentallyandphysically,”Gattosays.“Andthat'sexactlywhatwedohere.Webringsomethingthatismaybeheavyonourmindsorourhearts.Andthenweworkwithourhands.Weworkwithit,andweworktogether.”(Gatto說：“悲傷的一大問題是在精神上和身體上都要克服它。這正是我們?cè)谶@里所做的。我們帶來了一些可能在我們的思想或心靈上很沉重的東西。然后我們用雙手工作。我們和它一起工作，我們一起工作。”)”可知，治療關(guān)鍵是將內(nèi)心痛苦轉(zhuǎn)化為共同的體力活動(dòng)。故選D。CPicturethis,youwintwoticketstoasold-outconcertandeagerlytexttoaskyourfriendsifthey’dliketojoin.Therecomestheirresponse“Maybe.”Yourmoodimmediatelyturns,foryouneedtowaitfortheirdecisionsbeforeyoucanfigureoutyourplansfortheconcert.Ifyou’veexperiencedanythingliketheaboveanecdote,you’renotalone.Peopleresponding“maybe”toinvitationsisacommonyetannoyingaspectofsociallife.Whatgoesoninpeople’sheadswhentheyaren’tsurewhethertoacceptaninvitation?Socialinvitationscanbeadelicatedance.Peopleoftenmisreadwhatsomeoneextendinganinvitationwantstohearandoverestimateaninviter’slikelihoodofpreferringa“maybe”overa“no.”Moreover,theyfailtorealizehowmuchmoredisrespectedpeoplefeelwhentheyreceivea“maybe”inresponsetotheirinvitation.Naturally,wewantedtofigureoutwhythisawkwarddynamicplaysout.Wefoundthatit’slargelyduetosomethingcalled“motivatedreasoning.”Motivatedreasoningoccurswhenapersoninterpretsinformationinabiased(有偏差的)waytosuittheirownwishes.Inotherwords,inviteesconvincethemselvesthatinviterswanttohear“maybe”insteadof“no”becausea“maybe”isbetterfortheinvitees,allowingthemtoleavetheiroptionsopen.Besides,peopletendtooverestimatethenegativeconsequencesofsaying“no”toinvitations,thinkingitwillupset,angeranddisappointinviters.However,therewerecertainsituationsthatmadepeoplemorecomfortablesaying“no”toaninvitation.Whenrecipientsofaninvitationputthemselvesintheshoesofthepersonextendingtheinvitation,theyaremorelikelytorealizethatthey’dprobablypreferadefiniteanswer.Whentheparticipantsgetinvitedtodosomethingtheydidn’twanttodo,theyhadnodesiretokeeptheiroptionsopen.Themotivatedreasoningthenbecameirrelevant.Whilenavigatingsocialsituationscanbetricky,beingdirectanddefiniteissometimesbest.Itmightreduceyouroptions.Butit’llkeepthosewhoinviteyoufrombeingleftuncertainandmaybethey’llstillthinkofyouwhenthenextconcertcomestotown.8.Whyistheconcertanecdotementionedatthebeginning?A.Toexplainthebackgroundoftheinvitation. B.Tostresstheimportanceofquickreplies.C.Toencourageimmediatedecision-making. D.Tointroduceacommonsocialsituation.9.Whatisthemainreasonfortheresponseof“maybe”toaninvitation?A.Abiasedinterpretationofsocialcues. B.Adesireforharmoniouscommunication.C.Anunderestimationofrefusalconsequence. D.Anunderstandingoftheinviter’sexpectation.10.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestioninthelastparagraph?A.Keepingyouroptionsopenforbetterplans. B.Acceptinginvitationstomaintainfriendships.C.Prioritizingclearresponseoveropenoptions. D.Thinkingtwicebeforerefusinganinvitation.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThePsychologybehind“Maybe” B.TheHiddenConsequenceof“Maybe”C.“Maybe”:APoliteEscapefromConflict D.“Maybe”:APerfectSolutiontoInvitations【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹人們收到邀請(qǐng)時(shí)回復(fù)“Maybe”這一常見社交現(xiàn)象，分析其背后原因及特定應(yīng)對(duì)情況，并給出直接回應(yīng)的建議?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Picturethis,youwintwoticketstoasold-outconcertandeagerlytexttoaskyourfriendsifthey’dliketojoin.Therecomestheirresponse“Maybe.”Yourmoodimmediatelyturns,foryouneedtowaitfortheirdecisionsbeforeyoucanfigureoutyourplansfortheconcert.(想象一下，你贏得了兩張售罄音樂會(huì)的門票，急切地發(fā)短信問朋友是否愿意一起去。他們回復(fù)“也許吧”。你的心情立刻變了，因?yàn)槟阈枰人麄冏鰶Q定，才能確定自己的音樂會(huì)計(jì)劃)”以及第二段中的“Ifyou’veexperiencedanythingliketheaboveanecdote,you’renotalone.Peopleresponding“maybe”toinvitationsisacommonyetannoyingaspectofsociallife.(如果你有過類似上述軼事的經(jīng)歷，你并不孤單。人們對(duì)邀請(qǐng)回復(fù)“也許”是社交生活中常見卻令人惱火的一面)”可知，作者開頭提及音樂會(huì)軼事，是為了引出人們對(duì)邀請(qǐng)回復(fù)“Maybe”這一常見社交場景。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wefoundthatit’slargelyduetosomethingcalled“motivatedreasoning.”Motivatedreasoningoccurswhenapersoninterpretsinformationinabiased(有偏差的)waytosuittheirownwishes.Inotherwords,inviteesconvincethemselvesthatinviterswanttohear“maybe”insteadof“no”becausea“maybe”isbetterfortheinvitees,allowingthemtoleavetheiroptionsopen.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這在很大程度上是由一種叫做“動(dòng)機(jī)性推理”的東西導(dǎo)致的。當(dāng)一個(gè)人以有偏差的方式解讀信息以迎合自己的意愿時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生動(dòng)機(jī)性推理。換句話說，受邀者會(huì)說服自己，邀請(qǐng)者更想聽到“也許”而不是“不”，因?yàn)椤耙苍S”對(duì)受邀者更有利，能讓他們保留選擇的余地)”可知，人們對(duì)邀請(qǐng)回復(fù)“Maybe”的主要原因是對(duì)社交信號(hào)有偏差的解讀。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilenavigatingsocialsituationscanbetricky,beingdirectanddefiniteissometimesbest.Itmightreduceyouroptions.Butit’llkeepthosewhoinviteyoufrombeingleftuncertainandmaybethey’llstillthinkofyouwhenthenextconcertcomestotown.(雖然應(yīng)對(duì)社交場合可能很棘手，但有時(shí)直接明確是最好的選擇。這可能會(huì)減少你的選擇，但能避免邀請(qǐng)你的人陷入不確定的狀態(tài)，而且當(dāng)下一場音樂會(huì)來臨時(shí)，他們或許還會(huì)想到你)”可知，作者建議優(yōu)先選擇清晰明確的回應(yīng)，而非保留選擇余地。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章開頭以音樂會(huì)軼事引出人們對(duì)邀請(qǐng)回復(fù)“Maybe”的現(xiàn)象，接著在第三段分析了這一現(xiàn)象背后“動(dòng)機(jī)性推理”的心理原因，第四段介紹了人們更愿意說“不”的特定情況，最后給出直接回應(yīng)的建議。全文圍繞“Maybe”背后的心理機(jī)制展開，因此A項(xiàng)“‘Maybe’背后的心理學(xué)”概括了文章主題，最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。DYourbehaviortodaycouldaffectyourbrainactivityintwoweeks’time,newresearchsuggests.Thesefindingshavesignificantimplicationsforourmentalhealthaswellasourattention,cognitionandmemory.Ourbehaviorandourbrainsarecloselylinked.Andyet,themajorityofstudiesonlytakeasnapshotofourlivedexperience.“Weknowlittleabouttheresponseofbrainfunctionalconnectivitytoenvironmental,physiological,andbehavioralchangesondifferenttimescales,fromdaystomonths,”saidTriana,aprofessorfromAaltoUniversity.Toinvestigatetheseeffects,Trianaandhiscolleaguestrackedtheirownbrainactivityandbehavioroverafive-monthperiodusingacombinationofbrainscans,wearabledevicesandtheirsmartphones.“WestudiedbrainactivityusingFMRI(functionalmagneticresonanceimaging),sleepandphysicalactivitypatternsusingasmart-ring,heartandrespirationratesusingasmartwatch,andmoodusingquestionnairespromptedontheirsmartphone,”Trianasaid.Triana’sbrainwasscannedtwiceaweek,followedbyqualitative(定性的)datafrommoodsurveys.Theteamidentifiedtwodistinctbrainpatternsinresponsetospecificbehaviors:ashort-termwavelastinglessthanaweekandalong-termwavelastingupto15days.Theshort-termwavewasreflectiveofrapidresponsestoabehavior,likestrugglingtofocusafterapoornight’ssleep.Meanwhile,thelong-termwavesuggestsmoregradual,lastingeffectsofaparticularbehavior.Thesewereparticularlyapparentinareasofthebraintiedtoattentionandmemory.Inotherwords,aworkoutorrestlessnightfromtwoweeksagocouldstillbeaffectingyou—positivelyornegatively—today.Whilethisstudyonlyshowsthebrainactivityofoneindividual,theresearchershopethatitdemonstratestheimportanceofstudyingbrainactivityinthecontextofourwiderlifestyleandbehavior,ratherthanasinglesnapshotinthelab.“Thisresearchisimportantbecauseitprovidesamorecomprehensiveanddynamicviewofbrainfunction,highlightingthelong-termimpactofeverydaybehaviouronbrainhealth,”Trianasaid.12.WhatinspiredTrianatoconductthestudy?A.Hercolleagues’priorresearchfindings. B.Agapinlong-termbrainbehaviorstudy.C.Ademandtoupgradedigitalequipment. D.Thewideuseofbrainscanningtechnology.13.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?A.Bytrackingtheparticipant’ssleepingpattern.B.Byanalyzingbraindataandpersonalmoodreport.C.Byusingonlydatafromthemostadvancedscanner.D.Byinterviewingparticipantshowtheyfeltafterscanning.14.WhatisthekeyfindingoftheTriana’sresearch?A.Behaviorshavelastingeffectsonbrains. B.Brainscanscanbesttrackmoodchanges.C.Short-termwavesmattermoreformemory. D.Poorsleepaffectsthebrainforover15days.15.Whatisexpectedoffuturebrainresearch?A.Morepreciselaboratoryshots. B.Brainactivityinreal-lifesituations.C.Promotionofbrainfunctionandhealth. D.Short-termeffectsofspecificbehaviors.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了新研究表明一個(gè)人當(dāng)前的行為可能在兩周后仍影響大腦活動(dòng)，對(duì)心理健康、注意力、認(rèn)知和記憶有重要影響。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Triana的話“Weknowlittleabouttheresponseofbrainfunctionalconnectivitytoenvironmental,physiological,andbehavioralchangesondifferenttimescales,fromdaystomonths,

(我們對(duì)大腦功能連接在不同時(shí)間尺度（從幾天到幾個(gè)月）上對(duì)環(huán)境、生理和行為變化的反應(yīng)知之甚少)”可知，Triana研究的動(dòng)機(jī)是填補(bǔ)長期研究的空白。故選B。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“WestudiedbrainactivityusingFMRI(functionalmagneticresonanceimaging),sleepandphysicalactivitypatternsusingasmart-ring,heartandrespirationratesusingasmartwatch,andmoodusingquestionnairespromptedontheirsmartphone,

(我們通過功能性磁共振成像（FMRI）研究大腦活動(dòng)，通過智能戒指研究睡眠和身體活動(dòng)模式，通過智能手表研究心率和呼吸頻率，并通過智能手機(jī)上彈出的問卷調(diào)查研究情緒)”可知，研究者是通過分析大腦數(shù)據(jù)和個(gè)人情緒報(bào)告來進(jìn)行研究的。故選B?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thesewereparticularlyapparentinareasofthebraintiedtoattentionandmemory.Inotherwords,aworkoutorrestlessnightfromtwoweeksagocouldstillbeaffectingyou—positivelyornegatively—today.(這在與注意力和記憶相關(guān)的腦區(qū)表現(xiàn)得尤為明顯。換句話說，兩周前的一次鍛煉或一個(gè)不眠之夜，至今仍可能對(duì)你產(chǎn)生影響——無論是積極的還是消極的)”可知，行為對(duì)大腦有著持久的影響。故選A。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whilethisstudyonlyshowsthebrainactivityofoneindividual,theresearchershopethatitdemonstratestheimportanceofstudyingbrainactivityinthecontextofourwiderlifestyleandbehavior,ratherthanasinglesnapshotinthelab.

(雖然這項(xiàng)研究僅展示了一個(gè)人的大腦活動(dòng)情況，但研究人員希望它能表明，在研究大腦活動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)將其置于我們更廣泛的生活方式和行為背景之下，而非僅僅局限于實(shí)驗(yàn)室中的單一瞬間)”可知，未來應(yīng)該研究現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的大腦活動(dòng)。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyDoElectricVehiclesMakePeopleMoreCarsick?Withelectricvehicles(EVs)gainingsignificantpopularityglobally—accountingfor22%ofnewcarsalesin2024—manypassengersreportexperiencingincreasedmotionsicknesscomparedtotraditionalvehicles.Socialmediaplatformsarefilledwithsuchpersonalexperiences,particularlyfromthoseridinginpassengerorbackseats.___16___AprimaryreasonforthisphenomenonisthelackoffamiliaritywithEVmotionpatterns.AsWilliamEmond,aPhDresearcherinFrancespecializinginmotionsickness,explains,people’sbrainsheavilydependonpastexperiencestopredictandinterpretmotion.___17___Forinstance,experienceddriversnaturallyexpectaccelerationafterhearingenginerevsinfuel-poweredcars,butEVsoperatewithoutsuchfamiliarauditorysignals.___18___RecentresearchindicatesthatspecificseatvibrationsandthecompleteabsenceoftraditionalenginenoiseinEVscontributesignificantlytomotiondiscomfort.Furthermore,theregenerativebrakingsystems—innovativetechnologythattransformskineticenergy(動(dòng)能)intobatterypower—causeanunusuallygradualslowdown.___19___Beyondthis,motionsicknessfundamentallyoccurswhenthebrainreceivescontradictorysensorysignalsaboutbodymovement.Theinnerear,visualcues,andphysicalsensationssendmixedmessagestothebrain,creatingwhatexpertscalla“neuralmismatch”.___20___Thismechanismexplainswhydriversthemselvesrarelyexperiencecarsickness—theycontrolandpredictthevehicle’smovements.A.Suchlong-termconflictcantriggermotionsicknesssymptoms.B.AnothercontributingfactoristhatEV-specificfeaturesaddtotheproblem.C.Somemanufacturersareimprovingsuspensionsystemstominimizevibrations.D.Driversusuallydon’texperiencecarsicknessduetotheircontroloverthevehicle.E.Thistechnologylengthensthestoppingprocessandmayworsenfeelingsofsickness.F.WithoutpreviousEVexperience,thebrainhastostruggletoestimateforcesaccurately.G.Inregardtothisphenomenon,researchershaveidentifiedseveralscientificexplanations.【答案】16.G17.F18.B19.E20.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了電動(dòng)汽車比傳統(tǒng)汽車更易讓人暈車的原因，從人們對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車運(yùn)動(dòng)模式不熟悉、電動(dòng)汽車的特定特征，以及大腦接收矛盾感官信號(hào)引發(fā)“神經(jīng)不匹配”等方面進(jìn)行了科學(xué)解釋。【16題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Withelectricvehicles(EVs)gainingsignificantpopularityglobally—accountingfor22%ofnewcarsalesin2024—manypassengersreportexperiencingincreasedmotionsicknesscomparedtotraditionalvehicles.Socialmediaplatformsarefilledwithsuchpersonalexperiences,particularlyfromthoseridinginpassengerorbackseats.(隨著電動(dòng)汽車在全球范圍內(nèi)大受歡迎——2024年占新車銷量的22%——許多乘客表示，與傳統(tǒng)汽車相比，他們暈車的情況更嚴(yán)重了。社交媒體平臺(tái)上充斥著這樣的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，尤其是那些坐在副駕駛或后座的人)”可知，前文引出了電動(dòng)汽車易讓人暈車的現(xiàn)象，此處應(yīng)引出對(duì)該現(xiàn)象的科學(xué)解釋。G選項(xiàng)“Inregardtothisphenomenon,researchershaveidentifiedseveralscientificexplanations.(關(guān)于這一現(xiàn)象，研究人員已經(jīng)找到了一些科學(xué)解釋)”起到承上啟下的作用，符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)前文“AprimaryreasonforthisphenomenonisthelackoffamiliaritywithEVmotionpatterns.AsWilliamEmond,aPhDresearcherinFrancespecializinginmotionsickness,explains,people’sbrainsheavilydependonpastexperiencestopredictandinterpretmotion.(這種現(xiàn)象的一個(gè)主要原因是人們對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車的運(yùn)動(dòng)模式不熟悉。法國專門研究暈動(dòng)病的博士研究員威廉·埃蒙德解釋說，人們的大腦嚴(yán)重依賴過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來預(yù)測和解讀運(yùn)動(dòng))”可知，此處是在說明因缺乏電動(dòng)汽車相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，大腦難以應(yīng)對(duì)。F選項(xiàng)“WithoutpreviousEVexperience,thebrainhastostruggletoestimateforcesaccurately.(沒有以往電動(dòng)汽車的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，大腦難以準(zhǔn)確估算力量)”解釋了因?yàn)槿狈ο嚓P(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，大腦難以應(yīng)對(duì)，與前文邏輯連貫，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)后文“RecentresearchindicatesthatspecificseatvibrationsandthecompleteabsenceoftraditionalenginenoiseinEVscontributesignificantlytomotiondiscomfort.(最近的研究表明，電動(dòng)汽車特有的座椅振動(dòng)和傳統(tǒng)引擎噪音的完全缺失是導(dǎo)致運(yùn)動(dòng)不適的重要原因)”可知，此處是在說電動(dòng)汽車的特定特征加劇了暈車問題。B選項(xiàng)“AnothercontributingfactoristhatEV-specificfeaturesaddtotheproblem.(另一個(gè)促成因素是電動(dòng)汽車的特定特征加劇了這個(gè)問題)”能很好地總領(lǐng)該部分內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Furthermore,theregenerativebrakingsystems—innovativetechnologythattransformskineticenergy(動(dòng)能)intobatterypower—causeanunusuallygradualslowdown.(此外，再生制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)——將動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電池能量的創(chuàng)新技術(shù)——會(huì)導(dǎo)致異常平緩的減速)”可知，此處是在解釋再生制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)對(duì)暈車的影響。E選項(xiàng)“Thistechnologylengthensthestoppingprocessandmayworsenfeelingsofsickness.(這項(xiàng)技術(shù)延長了停車過程，可能會(huì)加劇惡心感)”進(jìn)一步說明了該技術(shù)的影響，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Beyondthis,motionsicknessfundamentallyoccurswhenthebrainreceivescontradictorysensorysignalsaboutbodymovement.Theinnerear,visualcues,andphysicalsensationssendmixedmessagestothebrain,creatingwhatexpertscalla“neuralmismatch”.(除此之外，暈動(dòng)病從根本上說是當(dāng)大腦接收到關(guān)于身體運(yùn)動(dòng)的矛盾感官信號(hào)時(shí)發(fā)生的。內(nèi)耳、視覺線索和身體感覺向大腦傳遞混合信息，形成了專家們所說的“神經(jīng)不匹配”)”可知，此處是在說明“神經(jīng)不匹配”會(huì)引發(fā)暈車癥狀。A選項(xiàng)“Suchlong-termconflictcantriggermotionsicknesssymptoms.(這種長期的沖突會(huì)引發(fā)暈車癥狀)”說明這種“神經(jīng)不匹配”（長期沖突）會(huì)導(dǎo)致暈車，符合邏輯，且與后文解釋司機(jī)很少暈車的原因相呼應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MyfriendKarenandherhusbandDavidwereacquaintedwithanelderlylady,Rose,whofellillwithnoonetohelpher.Thoughnot___21___,theyofferedtoactlikefamily.Foryears,theytookturns___22___Roseinherhome,thenmovingherintoanassisted-livingfacilityandeventuallyintoanursinghomeduetoher___23___health.However,Rosewasdifficulttogetalongwith.Shewouldtakethemoutfordinnerbutthen___24___whattheycouldorder,andcomplainedabouteverythingtheydid.Thisledtotheirconfusion,leavingthemfeelingincreasingly___25___.Oneday,Karensharedwithmethegrowingweightof___26___shefeltfromcaringforRose.WhenIaskedifshehadanyvolunteer___27___,sherespondedthatshehadnotime.Ithensuggestedthatshe___28___lookingafterRoseasvolunteerwork.Instantly,itwaslikealightbulbwenton.Karen’s___29___shifted.ShetoldDavidthesamethatnight,andtheideachangedeverything.Fromthenon,theystilldidthesamework,butas“volunteers,”itfelt___30___—nolongeraduty,butachoice.FortherestofRose’slife,theystill___31___helped,findingjoyintherole.Weoftentalkaboutvolunteering,whichmakesusfeelgood.Butthere’salsoawayto___32___aburdensomecommitmentas“volunteering”.Bydoingso,ataskwefeelforcedtodocanbecomeavoluntaryact.Let’stakeKarenandDavidasanexample.Their___33___tohelpingRoseatfirstseemedlikeanunwanted___34___.Butaftertheshift,achoreturnedintoa___35___experience.21.A.friends B.relatives C.neighbors D.colleagues22.A.lookingfor B.arguingwith C.attendingto D.checkingon23.A.improving B.ruined C.manageable D.declining24.A.limit B.recommend C.distribute D.predict25.A.guilty B.frustrated C.relieved D.excited26.A.dependence B.impact C.responsibility D.debt27.A.experience B.interest C.ambition D.training28.A.describe B.classify C.view D.dismiss29.A.emotion B.routine C.perspective D.priority30.A.lighter B.faster C.softer D.simpler31.A.reluctantly B.briefly C.faithfully D.occasionally32.A.escape B.ignore C.simplify D.redefine33.A.approach B.commitment C.objection D.attitude34.A.task B.routine C.joke D.burden35.A.rewarding B.pains-taking C.time-consuming D.refreshing【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.C27.A28.C29.C30.A31.C32.D33.B34.D35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述凱倫夫婦照料難相處的羅斯感到負(fù)擔(dān)，后將其視為志愿工作，從而獲得快樂的故事，點(diǎn)明換角度看待責(zé)任的意義。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然不是親戚，但他們主動(dòng)提出像家人一樣照顧她。A.friends朋友；B.relatives親戚；C.neighbors鄰居；D.colleagues同事。根據(jù)后文“theyofferedtoactlikefamily”可知，他們并非真正的家人，即不是親戚。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：多年來，他們輪流在家照料羅斯，后來因?yàn)樗慕】禒顩r不斷惡化，把她送到了輔助生活設(shè)施，最后又送到了養(yǎng)老院。A.lookingfor尋找；B.arguingwith與……爭論；C.attendingto照料；D.checkingon檢查。根據(jù)前文“MyfriendKarenandherhusbandDavidwereacquaintedwithanelderlylady,Rose,whofellillwithnoonetohelpher.Thoughnot______,theyofferedtoactlikefamily.”可知，他們像家人一樣照料生病的羅斯。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來，他們輪流在家照料羅斯，后來因?yàn)樗慕】禒顩r不斷惡化，把她送到了輔助生活設(shè)施，最后又送到了養(yǎng)老院。A.improving改善的；B.ruined被毀壞的；C.manageable可處理的；D.declining惡化的。根據(jù)后文“movingherintoanassisted-livingfacilityandeventuallyintoanursinghome”可知，羅斯的健康狀況在惡化。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她會(huì)帶他們出去吃飯，但之后會(huì)限制他們能點(diǎn)什么，還會(huì)抱怨他們所做的一切。A.limit限制；B.recommend推薦；C.distribute分配；D.predict預(yù)測。根據(jù)前文“Rosewasdifficulttogetalongwith”和后文“complainedabouteverythingtheydid”可知，羅斯難相處，會(huì)限制他們點(diǎn)餐。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓他們很困惑，也讓他們感到越來越沮喪。A.guilty內(nèi)疚的；B.frustrated沮喪的；C.relieved寬慰的；D.excited興奮的。根據(jù)前文“Rosewasdifficulttogetalongwith”、“complainedabouteverythingtheydid”和“Thisledtotheirconfusion”可知，羅斯的行為讓他們困惑且沮喪。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，凱倫跟我分享了照料羅斯給她帶來的越來越重的責(zé)任感。A.dependence依賴；B.impact影響；C.responsibility責(zé)任；D.debt債務(wù)。根據(jù)前文“theyofferedtoactlikefamily”以及“Foryears,theytookturns______Roseinherhome”可知，凱倫因照料羅斯而有了沉重的責(zé)任感。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我問她是否有過志愿服務(wù)經(jīng)歷時(shí)，她回答說她沒有時(shí)間。A.experience經(jīng)歷；B.interest興趣；C.ambition抱負(fù)；D.training訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)后文“sherespondedthatshehadnotime”和后文的“Ithensuggestedthatshe______lookingafterRoseasvolunteerwork.”可知，此處是問凱倫是否有志愿經(jīng)歷。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我建議她把照顧羅斯看作是志愿工作。A.describe描述；B.classify分類；C.view看待；D.dismiss解雇。根據(jù)后文“Fromthenon,theystilldidthesamework,butas“volunteers,””可知，此處指的是建議她將照料羅斯看作志愿工作，“view...as...”為固定搭配，意為“把……看作……”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：凱倫的看法改變了。A.emotion情緒；B.routine常規(guī)；C.perspective看法；D.priority優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。根據(jù)前文“Instantly,itwaslikealightbulbwenton.”和后文“ShetoldDavidthesamethatnight,andtheideachangedeverything.”可知，凱倫的看法發(fā)生了改變。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從那以后，他們?nèi)匀蛔鲋瑯拥墓ぷ鳎鳛椤爸驹刚摺?，感覺肩上的擔(dān)子輕了——不再是一種義務(wù)，而是一種選擇。A.lighter更輕松的；B.faster更快的；C.softer更柔軟的；D.simpler更簡單的。根據(jù)后文“nolongeraduty,butachoice”可知，心態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變后，這份工作感覺更輕松了。故選A項(xiàng)。【31題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在羅斯的余生里，他們?nèi)匀恢覍?shí)地提供幫助，并在這個(gè)角色中找到了樂趣。A.reluctantly不情愿地；B.briefly短暫地；C.faithfully忠實(shí)地；D.occasionally偶爾。根據(jù)前文“Fromthenon,theystilldidthesamework”和后文的“findingjoyintherole.”可知，他們依然忠實(shí)地照料羅斯。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但也有一種方法可以將繁重的承諾重新定義為“志愿服務(wù)”。A.escape逃離；B.ignore忽視；C.simplify簡化；D.redefine重新定義。根據(jù)前文“IthensuggestedthatsheviewlookingafterRoseasvolunteerwork”以及后文“Bydoingso,ataskwefeelforcedtodocanbecomeavoluntaryact.”可知，此處指的是將繁重承諾重新定義為志愿工作。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，他們照料羅斯的承諾似乎是一項(xiàng)不受歡迎的負(fù)擔(dān)。A.approach方法；B.commitment承諾；C.objection反對(duì)；D.attitude態(tài)度。根據(jù)前文“Thoughnot______,theyofferedtoactlikefamily.Foryears,theytookturns______Roseinherhome,thenmovingherintoanassisted-livingfacilityandeventuallyintoanursinghomeduetoher______health.”以及“Butthere