考點(diǎn)分類練(四)推理判斷題(2)高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1

主題:盲人到塔上參觀

詞數(shù):384

難度:★★★☆☆I(lǐng)t

was

a

sunny

winter

day.I

had

gone

up

and

down

the

tower

when,outside

the

little

door

at

the

foot,a

blind

man

came

toward

me.He

was

a

pale,thin

man

with

dark

glasses.He

kept

close

to

the

inner

wall

of

the

courtyard.On

reaching

the

door,he

touched

it

and

sharply

turned

inside.In

a

moment,he

disappeared

up

the

staircase.I

stood

still,looking

at

the

little

sign

that

said

“To

the

Tower...”.I

felt

obliged

to

follow.I

didn’t

follow

closely.I

caught

up

with

him

in

the

ticket

office.There

I

was

surprised

to

see

the

attendant

selling

him

a

ticket

as

though

he

were

any

other

visitor.With

the

ticket

in

one

hand

and

touching

the

wall

with

the

other,he

reached

the

staircase

leading

to

the

hallway.“That

man

is

blind,”

I

said

to

the

attendant,but

he

showed

no

concern.“He’s

blind,”

I

repeated.He

didn’t

answer,looking

at

me

vacantly.“Perhaps

he

wants

to

jump,”

I

said.But

his

chair

was

too

comfortable.He

didn’t

stir.He

still

looked

down

at

a

crossword

puzzle

he

had

begun.I

turned

toward

the

staircase.“The

ticket,”

the

attendant

said,rising

from

his

chair.It

seemed

the

only

thing

that

could

move

him.After

purchasing

my

ticket,I

hurried

up

the

staircase.The

man

hadn’t

gone

as

far

as

I

imagined.After

ten

minutes,I

approached

him.“Excuse

me,”

I

said

as

politely

as

I

could,“but

I

am

very

curious

to

know

why

you

came

up.”“You’d

never

guess,”

he

said.“Not

the

view,I

take

it,or

the

fresh

air

on

this

winter

day,”

I

said.He

smiled.“Coming

up

the

stairs,one

can

feel

the

change—the

cool

staircase

suddenly

becomes

quite

warm

and

how

up

here

behind

the

wall

there

is

shade,but

as

soon

as

one

goes

opposite

a

narrow

window

one

finds

the

sun.In

all

of

Siena

there

is

no

place

so

good

as

here.”He

moved

into

the

sunlight.Then

he

stepped

into

the

shade.“Light,shade,light,shade,”

he

said,and

seemed

as

pleased

as

a

child

who,in

a

game

of

hopscotch,jumps

from

square

to

square.We

went

down

the

tower

together.I

left

him,gladdened

as

one

can

only

be

by

the

sunlight.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者看到一個(gè)盲人買票到塔上去參觀,他跟上去,后來(lái)得知原來(lái)盲人是來(lái)塔上感受光影變化的,盲人也能感受到世界的美好。1.Why

did

the

author

follow

the

blind

man?A.To

offer

timely

help.B.To

satisfy

his

curiosity.C.To

teach

him

a

lesson.D.To

prevent

him

from

climbing

up.答案

A解析

推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的“On

reaching

the

door,he

touched

it

and

sharply

turned

inside.In

a

moment,he

disappeared

up

the

staircase.I

stood

still,looking

at

the

little

sign

that

said‘To

the

Tower...’.I

felt

obliged

to

follow.”以及下文推測(cè)可知,作者跟隨盲人是為了及時(shí)為他提供幫助。故選A項(xiàng)。2.What

was

the

attendant’s

attitude

to

visitors?A.Enthusiastic.

B.Concerned.C.Indifferent.

D.Skeptical.答案

C解析

推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的“He

didn’t

answer,looking

at

me

vacantly.”以及第四段中的“He

still

looked

down

at

a

crossword

puzzle

he

had

begun.I

turned

toward

the

staircase.”可知,服務(wù)人員對(duì)來(lái)訪者漠不關(guān)心。故選C項(xiàng)。3.What

encouraged

the

blind

man

to

climb

the

tower?A.The

fresh

air

on

the

top.B.The

pleasant

childhood

memories.C.The

fantastic

view

from

the

tower.D.The

striking

contrast

between

light

and

shade.答案

D解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段“He

smiled.‘Coming

up

the

stairs,one

can

feel

the

change—the

cool

staircase

suddenly

becomes

quite

warm

and

how

up

here

behind

the

wall

there

is

shade,but

as

soon

as

one

goes

opposite

a

narrow

window

one

finds

the

sun.In

all

of

Siena

there

is

no

place

so

good

as

here.’”以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“Light,shade,light,shade”可知,明暗之間的鮮明對(duì)比促使盲人爬上了那座塔。4.What

message

does

the

writer

want

to

convey

in

the

text?A.Nature

is

the

best

gift

for

humanity.B.When

one

door

shuts,another

opens

in

life.C.Every

individual

can

appreciate

beauty

in

life.D.The

disadvantaged

deserve

care

from

the

society.答案

C解析

推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“He

moved

into

the

sunlight.Then

he

stepped

into

the

shade.‘Light,shade,light,shade,’he

said,and

seemed

as

pleased

as

a

child

who,in

a

game

of

hopscotch,jumps

from

square

to

square.”以及上下文可知,文章主要講述了一次作者看到一個(gè)盲人買票到塔上去參觀,他跟上去,后來(lái)得知原來(lái)盲人是來(lái)塔上感受光影變化的,盲人也能感受到世界的美好,從而表達(dá)每個(gè)人都能欣賞生活中的美。Passage

2(2024江西九江二模)主題:研究發(fā)現(xiàn)

詞數(shù):332

難度:★★★★☆Whenascentmovedgentlythroughtheairinthebedroomsofolderadultsfortwohourseverynightforjustsixmonths,theirmemoriesskyrocketed.ParticipantsinthisstudybyUCI(UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine)Centrereapeda226%increaseincognitive(認(rèn)知的)capacitycomparedtothecontrolgroup.Theresearcherssaythefindingtransformsthelong-knowntiebetweensmellandmemoryintoaneasy,non-invasive(無(wú)創(chuàng)的)techniqueforstrengtheningmemoryandpotentiallypreventingdementia.Theteam’sstudyappearsinFrontiers

in

Neuroscience.ThestudywasconductedthroughtheUCICenterfortheNeurobiologyofLearning&Memory.Itinvolvedmenandwomenaged60to85withoutmemorydisorders.Theywereeachgivenadiffuser(擴(kuò)散器)andsevensmallbottles,eachcontainingasingleanddifferentnaturaloil.Peopleintheenrichedgroupreceivedfull-strengthbottles.Controlgroupparticipantsweregiventheoilsintinyamounts.Participantsputadifferentbottleintotheirdiffusereacheveningpriortogoingtobed,anditremainedactivefortwohoursastheyslept.Peopleintheenrichedgroupshoweda226%increaseincognitiveperformancecomparedtothecontrolgroup,asmeasuredbyawordlisttestcommonlyusedtoevaluatememory.CTimagingrevealedbetterintegritybrainpathway.Thepathwayaffectsdecision-makingabilityandusuallybecomeslesspowerfulwithage.Participantsalsoreportedsleepingmoresoundly.Scientistshavelongknownthatthelossofolfactorycapacity,orabilitytosmell,canpredictdevelopmentofnearly70differentkindsofdiseasesincludingAlzheimer’sandotherdementia.Researchershavepreviouslyfoundthatexposingpeoplewithmoderatedementiatoupto40differentscentstwiceadayoveraperiodoftimeboostedtheirmemoriesandlanguageskills,alleviateddepressionandimprovedtheirolfactorycapacities.Later,theUCIteamdecidedtotrymakingthistechniqueeasierforolderadults.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了加州大學(xué)爾灣分校神經(jīng)科學(xué)家進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)為期六個(gè)月的研究,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),老年人的臥室里每晚持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)的香味,會(huì)使老人的記憶激增。5.What

does

the

underlined

word

“skyrocketed”

in

paragraph

1

probably

mean?A.Dramatically

declined.B.Slightly

improved.C.Severely

weakened.D.Significantly

increased.答案

D解析

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Participants

in

this

study

by

UCI

(University

of

California,Irvine)

Centre

reaped

a

226%

increase

in

cognitive

capacity...strengthening

memory

and

potentially

preventing

dementia.”可知,香味可以極大地提高老年人的記憶力,因此推斷畫線詞與D項(xiàng)“顯著提高”意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。6.What

do

we

know

about

the

experiment

described

in

paragraph

2?A.All

of

the

bottles

contain

the

identical

natural

oil.B.The

given

oil

amount

varies

from

group

to

group.C.Each

participant

is

distributed

eight

oil-filled

bottles.D.No

requirement

is

for

participants

except

age

and

sex.答案

B解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知,給的精油量因組而異。故選B項(xiàng)。7.What

is

the

author’s

main

purpose

in

writing

the

passage?A.To

report

a

study

on

scent

exposure

boosting

memory.B.To

show

a

method

to

predict

development

of

diseases.C.To

reveal

the

relationship

between

smell

and

memory.D.To

draw

public

attention

to

memory

loss

in

older

adults.答案

A解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“The

researchers

say

the

finding

transforms

the

long-known

tie

between

smell

and

memory

into

an

easy,non-invasive

technique

for

strengthening

memory

and

potentially

preventing

dementia.The

team’s

study

appears

in

Frontiers

in

Neuroscience.”以及下文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要介紹了加州大學(xué)爾灣分校神經(jīng)科學(xué)家進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)為期六個(gè)月的研究,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),老年人的臥室里每晚持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)的香味,會(huì)使老人的記憶激增。作者的寫作目的是報(bào)告一項(xiàng)關(guān)于接觸氣味會(huì)促進(jìn)記憶的研究。故選A項(xiàng)。8.What

will

the

follow-up

paragraph

most

probably

talk

about?A.The

approach

to

enhancing

language

skills.B.The

reason

behind

simplifying

the

technique.C.The

possibility

of

relieving

severe

depression.D.The

solution

to

recovering

olfactory

capacities.答案

B解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Researchers

have

previously

found

that

exposing

people

with

moderate

dementia

to

up

to

40

different

scents...easier

for

older

adults.”可知,接下來(lái)團(tuán)隊(duì)決定嘗試簡(jiǎn)化這項(xiàng)技術(shù),讓老年人更容易使用這項(xiàng)技術(shù),提高他們的記憶力和語(yǔ)言技能,減輕抑郁,提高嗅覺(jué)能力。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage

3(2024山東臨沂一模)主題:研究發(fā)現(xiàn)

詞數(shù):342

難度:★★★★★WhenAmericananthropologistColinTurnbullpublishedThe

Mountain

Peoplein1972,hereferredtohissubjects—aUgandangroupcalledtheIk—as“thelovelesspeople”.Aftertwoyearsofobservations,hedecidedthattheyreflectedhumanity’sbasicinstincts(本能):cheat,thievery,andpitilessness.ButwhenAthenaAktipisandhercolleaguesfromtheHumanGenerosityProjecttookadeeperlook,theyidentifiedacommunitythatsharedeverything.“TurnbullhadvisitedUgandaduringadisastrousfamine(饑荒).Allhesawiswhathappenswhenpeoplearestarving,”saysAktipis.Butherteamrevealedthatdespitelivingunderpressure,theIkplacedahighvalueonhelpingoneanotherwhentheycould.Aktipisbelievesthataltruismismorecommonandbeneficialthanevolutionarysocialsciencehaslongthought.“Itwasassumedthatpeoplearedesignedtoonlydothingstohelpthemselvesortheirrelatives,”shesays.Bystudyingtheunique,selflesspracticesthathelpedninecommunitiesacrosstheworldtocontinuetoexist,theexpertsfromtheProjectarelookingtoshowthatweareindeedcapableofwidespreadcooperation.TheMaasaipeopleinKenyaprovideoneoftheproject’smainpoints.Theyrelyontwo-wayfriendshipsforresourceslikefoodorwaterwhenthey’reinneed,withoutexpectinganyrepayment.Also,aworldaway,inNewMexico,whilefolksoftenhelptransportcattleandreceivesupportinreturn,theywillassistwithoutrepaymentifsomeonefacesdifficulties,suchasaninjuryorthedeathofalovedone.Aktipisbelievestheoreticalframeworksshe’sperfectedthroughstudyingthesegroupscanapplybroadlytoanyinterdependentsystems.Herbiggoalistodesignsocial-servicesystemsthatsupporteveryone.Takemarket-basedinsuranceintheUnitedStatesasanexample:It’spricedbasedonindividualriskfactorssuchashealthhistoriesandwherepeoplelive,whichmeansmillionsofAmericanscan’taffordit.Butinasystembuiltonneighboring,pooledcosts(合并成本)wouldleveltheburdenduringcollectivehardshiplikenaturaldisasters.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述Athena

Aktipis通過(guò)研究一個(gè)被稱作Ik人的烏干達(dá)群體發(fā)現(xiàn),他們非常重視互相幫助,Aktipis認(rèn)為利他主義比進(jìn)化社會(huì)科學(xué)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)認(rèn)為的更為普遍和有益,可以通過(guò)合作建立一個(gè)對(duì)抗集體困難的制度。9.What

did

Turnbull

think

of

the

Ik

people?A.Heartless.

B.Helpful.C.Restless.

D.Generous.答案

A解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“When

American

anthropologist

Colin

Turnbull

published

The

Mountain

People

in

1972,he

referred

to

his

subjects—a

Ugandan

group

called

the

Ik—as‘the

loveless

people’.”可知,Turnbull認(rèn)為Ik人很無(wú)情,故選A項(xiàng)。10.What

does

the

underlined

word

“altruism”

in

paragraph

2

probably

mean?A.Trying

to

be

strong

and

tough

to

survive.B.Making

full

use

of

the

surrounding

resources.C.Being

devoted

to

themselves

or

their

relatives.D.Caring

about

the

needs

and

happiness

of

others.答案

D解析

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段末句“But

her

team

revealed

that

despite

living

under

pressure,the

Ik