第2講提示詞為名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞和形容詞高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025類型1提示詞為名詞技法點撥

空前有these,several,many,various等表示復(fù)數(shù)含義的修飾詞,或空處作主語,謂語動詞是動詞原形或復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞變復(fù)數(shù)空處與所修飾的名詞之間構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系名詞用所有格形式空處在句中作表語,或作定語修飾名詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞空處在句中作謂語名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞典型例題1.(2024九省聯(lián)考)Now,mostpeoplereachfor____________(keyboard)fasterthantheypickuppens.2.(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Thelatest①____________(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective②____________(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.3.(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern____________(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.keyboardsengineeringfunctionalfavourites4.(2024全國甲卷)Theyare____________(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遺產(chǎn)).5.(2023全國甲卷)____________(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.6.(2022全國甲卷)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore_____________(meaning).treasuresDifferentmeaningful解析

1.考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:現(xiàn)在,大多數(shù)人拿起鍵盤的速度比拿起筆的速度還快。根據(jù)空格前的介詞for可知,空格處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語,keyboard為可數(shù)名詞,前面沒有冠詞應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填keyboards。2.①考查名詞。engineer作名詞,意思是“工程師”;作動詞,意思是“設(shè)計,建造”。engineering是名詞,意思是“工程;工程學(xué)”。此處用名詞修飾名詞,engineering

techniques意思是“工程技術(shù)”。故填engineering。②考查形容詞。此處用形容詞修飾后面的名詞structure,function作名詞,意思是“功能,作用”。functional意思是“功能的,職能的,實用的”。functional

structure“功能建筑物”。故填functional。3.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。favourite作形容詞,意思是“最喜歡的”,作名詞,意思是“最喜愛的人或物”?？涨坝行稳菰~modern

Western修飾,且填空處作included的賓語,所以此處考查favourite作名詞的用法。such

as后面列舉的多個事物,所以最喜愛的東西不止一個,用favourite的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填favourites。4.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。treasure作為“瑰寶”講是可數(shù)名詞,結(jié)合句意和上下文,這里指的是國家公園作為美國遺產(chǎn)的一部分,應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式treasures。句意:它們是美國遺產(chǎn)的瑰寶。5.考查形容詞。be

different

from意為“與……不同”,是固定短語,此處作狀語,故填Different。6.考查形容詞。此處為“make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(形容詞)”結(jié)構(gòu),故填meaningful。[名師點津]1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的后綴(1)n.+-ablehonor→honorable可敬的(2)n.+-alnature→natural自然的;天生的music→musical音樂的;悅耳的(3)n.+-fulcolour→colourful顏色鮮艷的meaning→meaningful有意義的(4)n.+-en:wood→wooden木質(zhì)的(5)n.+-y:wealth→wealthy富有的2.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則

變化規(guī)則典型例詞規(guī)則變化一般在詞尾加-s;如果是以ch,sh,s,x等結(jié)尾的單詞,則加-es。trees,bikes,books,buses,watches,boxes,bushes,months輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞,變y為i再加-es;元音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞,則直接加-s。babies,families,boys,plays以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了一人(hero)、兩菜(tomato,potato)加-es外,其余一般加-s。radios,photos以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞,通常把f,fe變?yōu)関再加-es。wives,knives,wolves變化規(guī)則典型例詞特殊變化man→men,woman→women;tooth→teeth,foot→feet;child→children;mouse→mice單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese,Japanese,species,sheep,deer,fish[注意]1.除了上表中的情況以外,還有一些特殊變化的名詞,如:German→Germans;human→humans;stomach→stomachs;chief→chiefs;belief→beliefs等。2.兩個名詞組成的合成詞一般只變后一個名詞為復(fù)數(shù),如appletrees,factoryworkers等;但是和man,woman組成的合成詞兩個詞都要變復(fù)數(shù),如womenteachers,mendoctors等。3.名詞的所有格(1)單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞通常在詞尾加’s;(2)以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,通常在詞尾加’。類型2提示詞為代詞技巧點撥提示詞為代詞,當(dāng)句子缺少主語、定語、賓語或表語時,一般填代詞;確定填代詞之后,再看設(shè)空處所填代詞是否與前文提到的人或物有指代關(guān)系。(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作主語時,應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞主格(I,we,you,he等)形式。(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作賓語時,應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞賓格(me,us,him等)形式。(3)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作定語時,應(yīng)考慮形容詞性物主代詞(our,my,your等)。(4)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作動詞或介詞的賓語,且和主語是同一人時,應(yīng)考慮反身代詞(myself,yourself,itself等)。

典型例題1.(2024九省聯(lián)考)However,hebelievesthatthepracticewithfountainpenshelpsstudentstofocus,towritefaster,andtheycanfeelproudof____________(they).

2.(2024全國甲卷)Thisarea,with____________(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreservedforallpeopleofthenationtoenjoy—asanationalpark.3.(2024遼寧縣級重點高中二模)HikersattheGreatWallthathavecomeacrossZhouWenjunconsider____________(they)lucky.themselves

itsthemselves解析

1.考查代詞。句意:然而,他認(rèn)為,用鋼筆練習(xí)可以幫助學(xué)生集中注意力,寫得更快,他們可以為自己感到自豪。根據(jù)空格前的介詞of可知,空格處應(yīng)填代詞作賓語,根據(jù)句意“他們自己”應(yīng)用themselves。故填themselves。2.考查代詞。這里應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞“its”作定語,修飾后面的名詞beauty。句意:這個地方,以其獨特而令人驚嘆的自然美景,必須被很好保護(hù)供全國人民欣賞。3.考查代詞。根據(jù)句意可知,當(dāng)賓語和主語所指相同時,賓語要用反身代詞。故填themselves。類型3提示詞為數(shù)詞技巧點撥

提示詞常為基數(shù)詞,但是在句中常常考查序數(shù)詞形式,一般需要在該詞后面加后綴-th。易錯的序數(shù)詞有:first第一,second第二,third第三,fourth第四,fifth第五,eighth第八,ninth第九,eleventh第十一,twelfth第十二等。典型例題(2023全國甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe

(six)century,B.C.解析

考查序數(shù)詞。句意:寓言是許多古代文化口述傳統(tǒng)的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世紀(jì)。century“世紀(jì)”前面要用序數(shù)詞形式。故填sixth。sixth類型4提示詞為形容詞技巧點撥

空處修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~確定變比較級或最高級時,可利用以下3點判斷:①等級判定看標(biāo)志;②利用固定句型;③利用隱含信息判斷變比較級或最高級①被冠詞、形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞修飾時,要考慮名詞;②作介詞或及物動詞的賓語時要考慮名詞形容詞變?yōu)槊~根據(jù)句意和前后邏輯關(guān)系,確定句意表否定時,添加否定前綴(un-,im-,dis-等)或否定后綴(-less)變?yōu)榉戳x詞加詞綴變反義詞典型例題1.(2024九省聯(lián)考)Today,awriter____________(simple)throwsanemptypenawayandgetsanewone.2.(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutewhichbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe____________(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.3.(2024全國甲卷)Yellowstonewasthe________(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,whichbecameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.

simplyrichnesslargest解析

1.考查副詞。句意:今天,一個作家只是把一支空筆扔掉,再買一支新的?？崭裉幾鳡钫Z,修飾動詞throws,應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填simply。2.考查名詞。根據(jù)空前面的much

of

the以及空后面的of可知此處需要名詞,且是不可數(shù)名詞。rich的名詞是richness,意思是“豐富”。3.考查形容詞的最高級。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,the后面跟形容詞的最高級形式largest。句意:黃石國家公園是美國最大的國家公園。[名師點津]形容詞變成副詞、比較級、最高級或名詞項目變化方法變成副詞1.一般在形容詞后直接加-ly;2.以“y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i,再加-ly;3.以e結(jié)尾時,若e前為元音字母,則要先去e再加-ly,如true→truly;若e前為輔音字母,直接加-ly,如:politely,widely等比較級一般在詞尾加-er;以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫這一輔音字母再加-er;以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,把y變i再加-er;多音節(jié)詞在其前加more最高級一般在詞尾加-est;雙音節(jié)詞在其前加most;特殊詞有特殊變化(如:best,worst等)變成名詞添加后綴,如:-y,-ty,-ity;-cy,-age,-dom,-ence,-ance,-ness,-th等課堂應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.ItwasthefirstroadinChinawiththreecoloreddividinglines,andhas

(successful)appliedfornationalintellectualpropertycertification.

2.Thechangewasextremelyunpopular,butitwasnecessary.FinlandandNorwayareSweden’sneighboring

(country).

3.The24solartermsaredeterminedbychangesinthe

(sun)positioninthezodiac(黃道帶)duringtheyear.

4.Formostofthetime,Ghanaianstudentsattheinstituteinvolve

(they)inthelearningoftheChineselanguageandtraditionalChineseculture.

successfullycountriessun’sthemselves5.However,becauseof

(it)altitude,it’ssuchagreatchallengetobothone’sphysicalabilityandmind.

6.

(fortunate),Sivleyownedafour-wheeldrive,whichwasfullyequippedwithhooks,chainsandrecoverytowstraps(拖帶),andcapableofpullingover40,000pounds.

7.China’scommitmenttoengage300millionpeopleinwintersportshasalreadybecomea

(real).

8.“Ihopethatwecanturnvillagesintomorebeautifulplacesandmakevillagersget

(rich),”Wangsaid.

itsFortunatelyrealityricher9.AlthoughfailingtoqualifyfortheFIFAWorldCupfinalssoccertournamentinQatar,Chinamadeahugecontributiontothe

(large)globalsportingeventintheworld.

10.Thebesttimetostartthinkingaboutpossiblecareersiswhileyouarestillatschool,beforeyoumakeanychoiceaboutyour

(far)education.

largestfurtherⅡ.語篇填空A(2024河北張家口三模)Largecloisonne(JingtailaninChinese)vases,strikingplatesandothercolorfulpieces1.

(display)inBeijingGongmeiGroup’sarts-and-craftsfactory’sstudionearYonghegonginthecapitalattractalotofvisitors.

Gazeupontheselongenough,andyouwillbesurprisedbythe2.

(diverse)ofdistinctiveChinesepatternstracedbycountlessthingoldenwires.

displayeddiversity“It’ssaidthatthereare108stepsin3.

processofproducingcloisonnegoods,”saysZhangYongzhen,thefactory’sdirector,4.

haspracticedthecraftforfourdecades.“Thetraditionalhandicraftisverycomplicated.Noonecanfinishtheprocess5.

(complete)byhimselforherself.It’sadelicateartthattakesdedicationtoeverysmallstep.”

Thefundamentalsofmakingcloisonneinclude6.

(shape)theobject’sbody;bendingandinlayingcopper(銅)wires7.

(present)surfacepatterns,coloringthesewires,heatingandfinally,polishingandgilding(鍍金).thewhocompletelyshapingto

presentThetechniquewasintroduced8.

Chinainthelate13thcentury.It’sbelievedthatcloisonnereacheditspeakand9.

(give)itspresentChinesenameduringEmperorJingtaiintheMingDynasty.LanmeansblueinChinese.Thecraftwas10.

(far)developedintheQingDynasty,followinginnovationsincopper-smeltingtechniques.

towas

givenfurther答案與解析

【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過北京工美展廳的景泰藍(lán)作品,介紹了景泰藍(lán)的特點、工藝及其歷史發(fā)展。1.displayed

考查非謂語動詞。本句謂語動詞為attract,空前的主語與display在邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系,所以設(shè)空處用過去分詞短語作后置定語。故填displayed。2.diversity

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞“the”可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞形式作賓語。故填diversity。3.the

考查冠詞。空后的of

producing

cloisonne

goods對process進(jìn)行限定,所以此處表示特指,應(yīng)使用定冠詞。故填the。4.who

考查定語從句。此處為非限制性定語從句,先行詞指人,作主語,故填who。5.completely

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處為副詞作狀語修飾finish。故填completely。6.shaping

考查非謂語動詞。此處用動詞-ing形式作include的賓語,并與后面的bending

and

inlaying等并列。故填shaping。7.to

present

考查非謂語動詞。此處為不定式短語作目的狀語。故填to

present。8.to

考查介詞。be

introduced

to意為“引進(jìn)”,為固定搭配。故填to。9.was

given

考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。It作形式主語,that從句為真正的主語,從句中cloisonne是主語,reached和設(shè)空處為并列的謂語,cloisonne和動詞give之間為被動關(guān)系,且根據(jù)“reached”可知,此處要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填was

given。10.further

考查副詞比較級。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展,應(yīng)該用副詞的比較級作狀語。故填further。B(2024山東濱州二模)Chinaaimstoaccelerateresearchanddevelopmentofkeycoretechnologiesandapplication-orientedtechnologicalinnovationsthisyear,saidLiuZhenfang,presidentofChinaStateRailwayGroup.Liu,alsoadeputytothe14thNationalPeople’sCongress,saidtheywouldcontinueto1.

(immense)promoteindependentresearchandtheindustrialapplicationofkeycoretechnologiesthisyear2.

(boost)self-relianceinrailwaytechnology.

China’shigh-speedrailwaysareasuccessfulexampleofindependentinnovationinourcountry,andtheoveralltechnologicallevelofChina’srailways3.

(enter)theforefrontoftheworldsofar.

immenselyto

boosthas

enteredThegroupplanstounveilamoreadvancedbullettrain,theCR450—with4.

topoperatingspeedof400km/handanexperimentalspeedofupto450km/h—bynextyear.

Currently,thefastestbullettrainsinChina5.

(programme)atspeedsof350km/halongseverallines,includingtheBeijing-ShanghaiHigh-SpeedRailwayandtheBeijing-TianjinHigh-SpeedRailway.Atrain6.

(travel)at400km/hwouldshortenthejourney7.

BeijingtoShanghaito2.5hours.Chinaaimstoachievetechnological8.

(breakthrough)toimproveoperat