微專題4明辨“陷阱”,完形填空不丟分高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI20251.因慣性思維而錯選在英語學(xué)習(xí)中,由于種種原因,如考生的母語、知識面、思維習(xí)慣等都有可能令考生出現(xiàn)一些思維定式現(xiàn)象,即不善于思考,考慮問題也不全面,導(dǎo)致誤解一些題目,從而抑制思維能力的發(fā)展。完形填空解題中考生常因慣性思維而失分。[典例](2020新高考Ⅰ卷)

31

youngplantsinthedryseasonwas32.toughforaloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe33.topofeachsapling(幼樹)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto34.collectrainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.

31.A.Decorating

B.ObservingC.Watering D.Guarding分析

受思維習(xí)慣的影響,考生看到空后的young

plants就會想到去“保護”小樹,因此考生易誤選D項。但是,綜合下文我們可以得知,本段主要描述的是Molai如何給小樹澆水的過程。[自主解答]

C2.因不明一詞多義或熟詞生義而錯選在最近幾年的高考完形填空中,一詞多義或熟詞生義的考查屢見不鮮,這往往也是考生容易忽視的地方。很多考生由于不懂這些熟詞的“新義”而出現(xiàn)思維堵塞,造成了不應(yīng)有的失分。下面我們選取具有代表性的試題加以分析,以幫助考生熟悉其命題特點,從而跳出命題人設(shè)置的詞匯“陷阱”。[典例1](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)I

was

43.worried

that

our

15-month-old

boy

would

fall

into

the

creek(小溪).I

tied

a

rope

around

his

waist

to

keep

him

near

to

our

spot.That

lasted

about

ten

minutes.He

was

44.uncomfortable,and

his

crying

let

the

whole

campground

know

it.So

45.instead

of

tying

him

up,I

just

kept

a

close

eye

on

him.It

46

—he

didn’t

end

up

in

the

creek.My

three-year-old,however,did.

46.A.worked

B.happenedC.mattered

D.changed分析

本題考查work的熟詞生義。work在本句中意為“奏效;產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的結(jié)果”。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處指的是作者的做法取得了預(yù)期的效果——15個月大的孩子確實沒有掉進小溪里。[自主解答]

A[典例2](2022全國甲卷)The

next

week

we

47

our

dogs

together.It

was

a

hot

day.When

we

paused

to

catch

our

48.breath,Steve

got

down

on

one

knee.Was

he

proposing(求婚)?I

liked

him

too,but

so

49.soon?He

poured

water

from

a

bottle

into

his

hand

and

offered

it

to

my

dogs.50.In

that

moment,I

began

to

fall

for

him.

47.A.tied

B.walkedC.bathed

D.fed分析

此題考查walk的熟詞生義。walk此處意為“牽著(動物)走;遛”,又由上下文提供的語境并結(jié)合常識可知,作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。[自主解答]

B3.因詞匯理解障礙而錯選在完形填空題的設(shè)題上,命題者還往往將一些考生平常容易忽視的詞匯或不常用的生僻詞匯設(shè)置成選項,從而造成考生錯選。對于這些詞匯,考生在平時應(yīng)注意積累、識記。[典例](2022全國乙卷)Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas

44

asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45.surprisingresearchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology

46

thatidea.

44.A.supported B.guaranteedC.imagined D.interpreted46.A.explained B.confirmedC.contradicted D.tested分析

節(jié)選段的語境為:很長一段時間以來,這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是完全的“以自我為中心的”生物的證據(jù)。但我們在兒童發(fā)展心理學(xué)方面的令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果反駁了這一觀點。結(jié)合語境和選項可知,以上兩個小題的正確答案分別是interpreted和contradicted。如果考生未能掌握這兩個相對生僻的詞匯,準(zhǔn)確作答的難度可能較大。所以考生平時復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)注意加強詞匯積累,并在練習(xí)和考試中不斷提高有效地利用上下文中的提示信息的能力。[自主解答]44.

46.

DC4.因缺乏全篇關(guān)聯(lián)思維而錯選語篇層次題的解題信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在某一段或幾段甚至全篇,這就要求考生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脈絡(luò)、作者的思想、意圖或主人公的心理,然后進行準(zhǔn)確的推理、判斷,從而做出正確的選擇。對于此類題目,一定要堅持這樣一個原則——不急于解答,讀完全文后綜合考慮再做判定。[典例](2022浙江1月卷)WhenBeverleyBurdeyneyturnedseventy-fourlastyear,shestartedhavingproblemswithher

36

,notablydrynessanddiscomfort.

...Eventually,Ms.Burdeyneylearnedaboutplansforaneyeresearch43.programatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael.Theresearchteam44.includedCanadiandoctorAllanSlomovic,whohasdone45.ground-breakingworkoneyecareusingstemcells.36.A.throat B.skinC.lungs D.eyes分析

本題是典型的語篇層次題,只看題目所在的