原創(chuàng)題組練(一)高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025AProfessorDavidG.Evans,65,anOxfordUniversitygraduatewhohasbeenteachingchemistryinBeijingfornearlythreedecades,hasbrokenoutofcampuslifetobecomeanInternetstarinChina.Theoriginalintentionfromacademictoonlinecelebrityresultedfromhismissiontoinspirethegeneralpublicwiththewondersofchemistrybymakingscienceaccessibleandfun.Ontheshort-videoappKuaishou,hisvideosofchemicalexperimentshaveattractednearly10millionfollowers.“Themostimportantthingisnotwhichreactionyouchoosetoshow,buthowyoupresentthematerialtomakeitinterestingandtospreadsomeknowledge,”hesaid.“IwanttousetheInternettoawaketheirinterestinchemistry.”Evans,knownonsocialmediaasDrDaifromhisChinesenameDaiWei,hasbeeninBeijingsince1996.ButhisinterestinChinadatesbacktohischildhoodinBritain.HewantedtolearnmoreaboutChina,justashedidchemistry.Hetookupateachingpostthere—whathecalleda“onceinalifetimeopportunity”.Whenhefoundthecampuslabcouldn’tcontainhisdevotiontochemistry,hedecidedtoexpandhisfocus,takingscienceouttothepublic.“Inthisera,weareallbombedwithinformation,”hesaid.“Howdoyouactuallysortoutwhatistrueandwhatisfalse?Everybodythesedaysneedstothinkinascientificway.”EvansseeshiseffortstopopularizescienceasasupplementtoChina’seducationsystem,wherehefindssomestudentsarefedupwithtextbooksandlongingformorepractical,hands-onexperience.Sofar,hehasvisitedmorethan300citiesacrossChina,deliveringchemistrylessonsinschools,sciencemuseumsandothervenues.Hiseffortshavepaidoff.“Hopefully,Icangivestudentsachancetoactuallyseethebeautyofchemistry,andsomeofthemmayactuallybeinspiredtobecomescientists,”hesaid.ForhiscontributionsinChina,EvanswaspresentedtheFriendshipAward,thehighesthonorinChinaforforeigners,in2001.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述英國的埃文斯教授心系中國,普及化學(xué)知識(shí),喚醒民眾對(duì)科學(xué)的興趣,自己也贏得了友誼獎(jiǎng)的事情。1.What’s

Evans’

purpose

of

giving

lessons

on

social

media?A.To

solve

the

students’

problems.B.To

draw

the

public’s

wide

attention.C.To

popularize

the

science

of

chemistry.D.To

sell

his

new

works

on

chemistry.答案

C解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The

original

intention

from

academic

to

online

celebrity

resulted

from

his

mission

to

inspire

the

general

public

with

the

wonders

of

chemistry

by...”可知,埃文斯之所以爆紅網(wǎng)絡(luò),是因?yàn)樗肫占盎瘜W(xué)科學(xué)知識(shí)。2.Why

did

Evans

call

the

post

a

“once

in

a

lifetime

opportunity”?A.He

valued

his

job.B.He

took

up

teaching

once.C.The

opportunity

was

easy

to

get.D.Chemistry

was

his

lifetime

career.答案

A解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段描述,埃文斯從童年時(shí)代就渴望來中國,了解中國。他來北京得到了教職。他不滿足于校內(nèi),走出校門,向大眾傳播化學(xué)知識(shí),渴望喚醒更多的人對(duì)化學(xué)的興趣。由此可推知,他非常珍惜工作崗位,將得到這一崗位視作千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)。3.What

do

the

students

expect

to

do

according

to

Evans?A.Recite

textbooks.B.Participate

actively.C.Do

large

exercises.D.Visit

museums.答案

B解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“...some

students

are

fed

up

with

textbooks

and

longing

for

more

practical,hands-on

experience.”可知,在埃文斯看來,學(xué)生厭倦了書本,渴求實(shí)用的實(shí)踐知識(shí),希望積極參與。4.What

is

the

text

mainly

about?A.China’s

education

system.B.A

chemistry

lesson

in

schools.C.Friendship

between

Britain

and

China.D.A

chemistry

online

hit

in

China.答案

D解析

主旨大意題。文章開宗明義,指出埃文斯教授走出校門,成了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)明星。接下來敘述他在網(wǎng)絡(luò)或走街串巷,演示化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn),最終不負(fù)眾望,讓學(xué)生們領(lǐng)略到化學(xué)的美,也因此獲得了友誼獎(jiǎng)。BDoesworkeverleaveyoufeelingunchangedwithlimitedopportunitiestobecreative?Toflyhigh,youmightwanttoincreaseyourbrain’sflexibility.Butisthisevenpossible,andifso,how?Mostjobsrequiretheabilitytosolveproblemsandcopewithchallenges,atleasttoacertainextent.Imagineateacherwhohasanewandverynervousstudentintheirclass.Ifthatteacherisaflexiblethinker,theywillbeabletoadapttheirclassroommanagement,eveniftheyhaven’tseenthissituationbefore.AccordingtoLeonardMlodinow,authorofElastic,flexiblethinkersrelyonideagenerationandimagination—theyarewillingtoexperimentandtakerisks.“Flexiblethinkingiswhatyouneedwhenthecircumstanceschange,andyouaredealingwithsomethingnew.It’snotaboutfollowingrules.”Therefore,insteadoffollowingthetypicalprocedureforinductinganewstudent,theteachermightcomeupwithatailoredresponse,basedonpredictionandpreviousexperience.So,howcanyoubecomeamoreflexiblethinker?AccordingtoDrLisaFeldmanBarrett,it’sallaboutexercisingthebrain.Onewayofdoingthis,shesays,isthroughexposuretoavarietyofexperienceswhichmakeiteasiertoadjusttonewsituations.Alotofcompaniesnowconsiderflexiblethinkingintheworkplace,especiallywhenitcomestodesign.Workspacesmayhavecoucheswhereworkerscanliedownandrelax,givingthemthespacetocomeupwithandprocessnewideas.Mlodinowsaysit’sveryimportanttotaketimetodaydream,listentoideasandconceptsyoudisagreewithandspendtimedoingactivitiesoutsideofyourcomfortzone.Thiswillhelpyouunderstandmultiplepointsofviewandthereforeblossominmanydifferentaspectsofyourcareer.So,ifyouwanttomakeachange,youcanbecomeaflexiblethinkertoo,withalittlepractice.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論在工作和生活中的彈性思維及其培養(yǎng)路徑。5.Why

does

the

author

mention

the

teacher

in

paragraph

2?A.To

indicate

teachers

are

more

flexible.B.To

explain

teachers

are

highly-paid.C.To

prove

the

job

faces

little

challenges.D.To

show

the

job

requires

problem-solving

skills.答案

D解析

推理判斷題。第二段首句為主題句,指出很多工作需要解決問題和應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的能力,然后以教師職業(yè)為例作為觀點(diǎn)的支撐。6.What

does

the

underlined

word

“tailored”

in

paragraph

2

mean?A.Fixed.

B.Suitable.C.Permanent.

D.Designed.答案

B解析

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上下文可知,此處指教師可能基于預(yù)測(cè)和以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)想出一個(gè)合適的反應(yīng),tailored意思是“合適的”。7.What

is

crucial

for

flexible

thinkers?A.Following

fixed

rules.B.Lying

down

and

sleep.C.Adjusting

to

new

surroundings.D.Being

exposed

to

various

dangers.答案

C解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“...which

make

it

easier

to

adjust

to

new

situations.”可知,對(duì)于擁有彈性思維的人來說,通過調(diào)適周圍環(huán)境來提高自己的變通能力是關(guān)鍵。8.What

can

be

inferred

about

flexible

thinking

from

the

text?A.It

can

be

trained

by

experiencing

more.B.It

leads

people

to

step

into

comfort

zone.C.It

encourages

people

to

perform

the

routine.D.It

emphasizes

the

risks

of

processing

new

ideas.答案

A解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段陳述可推知,要想擁有彈性思維,可以通過鍛煉大腦、更多的體驗(yàn)、靈活調(diào)適環(huán)境等方式獲取。COneofthemostimportantproductsofthearchitecturalspiritistheCraftsmanhome.Itemergedattheturnofthe20thcenturyoutoftheAmericanCraftsmanmovement.Whilelate19th-centuryVictorianhomesshowedofftheadvancesofAmericanmanufacturingthroughostentatious(裝飾豪華的)detailsanddecoration,theAmericanCraftsmanmovementemphasizedindividualistic,hand-workedgoodsandbuildings.Itwasareturntothebeautyofnaturalmaterialsandforms,andanencouragementofpersonaltalent.CraftsmanarchitecturebecamepopularthroughouttheAmericanMidwestandSouthernCalifornia,witharchitectslikeMyronHunt,Henryand,mostfamously,FrankLloydWrightheadliningthemovementandputtingtheirownstamponthestyle.Althoughtheymayvaryabitbyregion,youcanusuallyidentifyaCraftsmanhomefromtheoutsidebyitsroofthatextendspastthehome’swalls.Craftsmanhomeshaveplentyofopenspaceandwindowstoallownaturallighting,andaredesignedforeasyconstruction,andtendtohaveasmallfootprintofonlyoneortwostories.Thesecondstoryisoftennestledundertheroof.UnlikethesteeplypitchedgablesofVictorianhomes,Craftsmanhomeshavelesspronounced,softerpitchesontheirroofs.Theymayhavelargesingledormersabovewindowsorevenfeaturestainedglasswindows.Craftsmanhomescommonlyusenaturalbuildingmaterialslikewood,stucco,stone,orbrick.Craftsmanhomesarepopular.Theyarefairlycommon,oftenarchitecturallyinteresting,andprovideafunctionallayoutthatappealstomanypeople.ManyCraftsmanhomesalsohavesomehistoricappeal,especiallyifthey’rewell-maintained.Ifyou’relookingforalotoflivingspaceandmanybedroomsandbathrooms,aCraftsmanhomemightnotbeforyou.Butifyou’relookingforahomethatissimple,practical,andinteresting,aCraftsmanhomeisworthcheckingout.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了20世紀(jì)初出現(xiàn)的Craftsman

house,強(qiáng)調(diào)人與自然的和諧。9.What

did

the

American

Craftsman

movement

focus

on?A.Personalized

lifestyle.B.Luxury

interior

decoration.C.Harmony

between

human

and

nature.D.Advanced

technology

in

house

building.答案

C解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“While

late

19th-century

Victorian

homes...an

encouragement

of

personal

talent.”可知,19世紀(jì)晚期的維多利亞式住宅通過奢華的細(xì)節(jié)和裝飾展示了美國制造業(yè)的進(jìn)步,而美國工匠運(yùn)動(dòng)則強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人主義、手工制作的商品和建筑。這是對(duì)自然材料和形式之美的回歸,也是對(duì)個(gè)人才能的鼓勵(lì)。10.Which

is

the

characteristics

of

a

Craftsman

home?A.Being

easy

to

build.B.Narrow

living

area.C.Being

open

to

the

air.D.Windows