絕密★考試結(jié)束前2025學年第一學期浙江省9+1高中聯(lián)盟高三年級期中考試英語考生須知：1.本卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘；2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場、座位及準考證號并核對條形碼信息；3.所有答案必須寫在答題卷上，寫在試卷上無效，考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題卷；第1卷（選擇題）第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whenisthewoman’shouseavailabletorent?A.April. B.June. C.July.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:I’vedecidedtorentoutmyhousetotourists.IfirstthoughtofAprilandJune,butIfinallypickedJuly.M:That’snice,isn’tit?W:Yes.Ithinkitcouldbringinsomeextramoney.Plus,I’mawayquiteoftenanyway.2.HowcanSarahbebestdescribed?A.Expressive. B.Helpful. C.Intelligent.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:WhatdoyouthinkofSarah?She’sbeensuchagoodfriendtomelately.W:Ilikeher.Whathasshebeendoing?M:She’sbeenstudyingphysicswithme,whichI’mpoorat.AndshealwayslistenspatientlywhenIneedtotalk.3.WhyisEmmanervous?A.She’sabouttomakeaspeech.B.She’stalkingtotheaudience.C.Shehasn’tpracticedmuch.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’msonervousaboutdeliveringaspeechtosuchabigaudience.WhatifIforgetwhattosay?M:You’lldofine,Emma.You’vepracticedsomuch.W:Iguessyou’reright.It’sjusthardtostaycalm.4.Whatkindofholidaywouldthemanprobablyprefer?A.Arestfulholiday. B.Anadventurousholiday. C.Anaction-packedholiday.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Mandy,I’veapprovedyourholidayrequestforJuly.Areyougoingsomewhererelaxing?W:I’vesignedupforoneoftheseadventureholidays,soI’mgoingona10-dayhikeacrossthemountainsofScotland.M:Thatsoundsliketheoppositeofrelaxingtome!5.Whatisthetopicoftheconversation?A.Ittakespracticetogainhappiness.B.Happinessisdifferentforeveryone.C.Happinesscancomefromlittlethings.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Honestly,itdoesn’ttakemuchtomakemehappy.M:That’sagoodwaytobe.SometimesIthinkwemakeourlivestoocomplicated.W:Exactly.Justapeacefuleveningwithagoodbookorawalkintheparkreallymakesmehappy.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atarestaurant. B.Athome. C.Atschool.7.WhatwasaproblemforBrian?A.Catchingtheschoolbus. B.Creatingastudyschedule. C.Decidingonaschoolclub.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:IsBrianhomefromschoolyet?W:No,notyet.M:Butit’salreadypast5:00p.m.I’mwonderingiftheschoolbusislateagain.W:No,hesaidhewasjoiningthatnewschoolclub.Ithinkthefirstmeetingistonight.M:Yeah,nowIremember.Whichclubdidheeventuallychoosetojoin?W:Ican’trememberifhesettledonthedramacluborthechessclub.Hewasstrugglingtodecidebetweenthetwo.M:Doyouthinkhewillbehomesoon?I’mgoingtostartcookingdinner.W:Isupposeheshouldbehomeby6:00p.m.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutstickyricemortar?A.Confident. B.Surprised. C.Disapproving.9.Whatisprobablythemostimportantforthewoman’sjob?A.Highefficiency. B.Thorougharrangements. C.Modernbuildingmethods.10.Whatcouldhappentotheancientbricksifthewrongmaterialswereused?A.Theymightchangecolour. B.Theymightbecomesmaller. C.Theycouldbeharmedovertime.【答案】8.B9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:RestoringthissectionoftheGreatWallisahugeresponsibility.Wemustusetherightmaterials,liketheoriginalstickyricemortar(砂漿).M:Stickyricemortar?I’veneverheardofthatinallmyyearsinthebuildingtrade.W:It’satraditionalmixture.Somemodernmaterialswon’tworkhere—theycoulddamagetheancientbricksovertime.M:Isee.Itlooksliketherestorationwillbeatoughtask.W:Yes.Thewallhasstoodforcenturies,soanyrestorationworkmustbecarefullyplanned.Astheprojectmanager,Iamresponsibleforeverything,includingmatchingthenewbrickstotheoldones,consideringsizeandcolor,etc.M:That’squiteajobyou’vegothere.W:Itis,butit’simportant.Rushingthejoborusingthewrongmaterialscouldcauseseriousdamage.M:Iunderstand.Everydetailmatters.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhydothespeakersruleoutLisaasahelper?A.Sheisoutoftown. B.Sheistoobusywithwork. C.Sheisnotresponsibleenough.12.Whowilltakecareofthepets?A.Thewoman’ssister. B.Sarah. C.Sam.13.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.Sortoutsomedocuments.B.Discussthedetailsofhistrip.C.Introducethepetstothecaretaker.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】M:Ourtripisnextweek,andwestillneedsomeonetotakecareofthepets.W:Thathasbeendifficult.Mysisterisoutoftown,andSamhasbeenworking60hoursaweekathisnewjob.M:WhataboutLisa?W:Actually,Ithoughtofher,butourneighborsmentionedsomethingconcerning.Apparently,Lisahadbeencaringfortheirdoglastmonth,buttheycamebacktoabitofamess.Andsheforgottolockthefrontdooronenight!M:Well,maybeweshouldn’triskit.W:Iagree.ButIdidhearbackfromSarah!Shesaidshewouldlovetohelpout.She’sgoodwithanimals,andItrusther.M:Sarah?Iwouldfeelmuchbetterknowingshe’llbeincharge.W:Metoo.Sheisreliable.Plus,thepetsknowheralready,sothey’llbecomfortable.M:Great.I’llfileallthefeedingschedulesandcareinstructionsandsendthemtohertomorrow.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdoweknowabouttherestaurant?A.Ithasmoderncookingequipment.B.Itisverystrictonstaffattendance.C.Ittriestopreventhealthissues.15.Whattemperaturecanhotfoodbekeptat?A.20°C. B.60°C. C.70°C.16.Whatshouldthewomandowhencookingfood?A.Measurethetemperatureofthefood.B.Dealwithrawmeatbeforevegetables.C.Washcuttingboardsforatleast20seconds.17.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Managerandnewemployee. B.Interviewerandinterviewee. C.Chefandwaiter.【答案】14.C15.C16.A17.A【解析】【原文】M:WelcometotheZocaloRestaurantteam,Lucille.Beforeyoustart,let’sgooverourfoodsafetystandards.They’reverystrict,butthey’reessentialforkeepingourcustomerssafe.W:Ofcourse.WhatdoIneedtoknow?M:First,alwayswashyourhandsbeforehandlinganyfood.Wewashforatleast20secondswithsoapandwarmwater.It’scrucialbecausehandscaneasilyspreadgerms(細菌).W:Understood.M:Westorefoodatthecorrecttemperaturestopreventproblems.Forexample,coldfoodmustbekeptat5°Corbelow,whilehotfoodshouldbemaintainedat63°Corhigher.You’llneedtocheckthetemperatureregularlyandrecordit.W:Gotit.Whataboutcooking?M:Whencooking,weensurefoodreachestherighttemperature.Forinstance,chickenmustreachatleast75°Ctokillharmfulgerms.Youshouldalwaysuseafoodthermometer(溫度計)tocheck.W:Howdowepreventgermsfromspreading?M:Goodquestion.Weuseseparatecuttingboardsandknivesforrawmeat,vegetables,andcookedfood.Thispreventsrawmeatjuicesfromharmingotherfoods,whichcouldcausefoodpoisoning.W:That’sreallyimportant.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeaker?A.Anationalleader. B.Anewsreporter. C.Anemergencyworker.19.Whatisthecurrentsituationofthetown?A.Rescuesheltersarebeingbuilt.B.Somepeoplestillneedtoberelocated.C.Theelectricitysupplyhasreturnedtonormal.20.Whatwillhappennextweek?A.Heavyrainwillfall. B.Scientistswillvisitthearea C.Afund-raisingpartywillbeheld.【答案】18.B19.B20.A【解析】【原文】M:ThisisTrevor.Themainheadlinestorytonight:thePrimeMinisterhasvisitedthetownofOxfordaftertheworstfloodingseeninthecountryinover100years.Thetown,hometooneoftheworld’smostwell-knownuniversities,stillhaslargepartsunderwaterandwithoutpower.MostofthoseaffectedhavebeenrelocatedtothenearbytownofReadingwhileemergencyservicescontinuetotryandrescuepeoplestuckintheirhomes.ThePrimeMinisterthankedtheworkersfortheirquickreactionsandhardworkandpromisedthatmoreinvestmentwouldbemadeinflooddefenses.Healsosaidmoreneededtobedonetoaddresstheissueofclimatechange,whichmanyscientificexpertshavesaidplayedasignificantpartintheflooding.Manycelebritieshavemadedonationstothereliefeffort.However,theweatherservicehaswarnedthatwithmoreheavyrainduetomorrowandfortherestoftheweek,peopleshouldconsiderleavingthearea.We’llhavemoreonthatstoryasitdevelops.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AForwhoeverwantsanexcitingandchallengingroadtrip,wecameupwithourlistoftheworld’smostdangerousroadsthatwouldtesteventhebestroadtripcars.Readontodiscoverroutesthatpromiseunmatchedthrills!ColduChaussy,FranceAt1,532metresabovesealevel,ColduChaussyisahighmountainpassinsouth-easternFrance.Thisstretchisonlyabout3.2kmlongbutfeatures17hairpinturns.There’sasmallconcretebarrierasyouzigzagupwardbutthisimprobableroad,whileimpossiblypicturesque,isstilloneofthemostdangerousroadsintheworld.TarokoGorgeRoad,TaiwanTarokoGorgeRoadinTaiwanisframedbyrockononesideandsheercliffdropsontheother.Thepopular19kmstretchissospectacularthatitdrawsaconstantparadeoftourbuses,cars,scooters,bicyclistsandpedestrians,allsharingthesamenarrowroad.Ifyouwanttohitthisroad,you’dbetterhopetheweatherisfair,otherwise,youmightsufferthroughlandslidesandfloodsthatmakesectionsimpassable.CommonwealthAvenue,PhilippinesUnlikeotherroadsandhighwaysonthislist,thisoneisn’tperchedontheedgeofamountain.Infact,it’sawideurbanhighwaythat’sjust12kmlong.Duetopoordrainagewhichbringsfloodsontheavenue,thisroadhasearnedthetragicnickname“KillerHighway”.Inspiredtoembarkononeoftheseepicjourneys?Tolearnmoredetails,includingthebesttimestovisit,andhowtorenttheperfectvehicle,pleaseclick.Yournextgreatadventureisjustaclickaway!21.WhatmaybeexperiencedinthetripofTarokoGorgeRoad?A.Seasidescenery. B.Changeableweather.C.Aconcretebarrier. D.Abustlingmixoftraffic.22.WhathassetCommonwealthAvenueapartfromtheotherroads?A.Itsshortestlength. B.Itsurbanlocation.C.Itsheavytraffic. D.Itshighaltitude.23.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Ageographytextbook. B.Atravelwebsite.C.Anacademicmagazine. D.Acoursebrochure.【答案】21.D22.B23.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了一些適合公路開車旅行的驚險道路?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TarokoGorgeRoad,Taiwan下的“Thepopular19kmstretchissospectacularthatitdrawsaconstantparadeoftourbuses,cars,scooters,bicyclistsandpedestrians,allsharingthesamenarrowroad.(這條廣受歡迎的19公里長的路段非常壯觀，吸引了源源不斷的旅游巴士、汽車、踏板車、騎自行車的人和行人，他們都在同一條狹窄的道路上。)”可知，這條路上旅游巴士、汽車、踏板車、自行車和行人都擠在狹窄的路上，旅行者會體驗到熙熙攘攘的交通。故選D。【22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CommonwealthAvenue,Philippines下的“Unlikeotherroadsandhighwaysonthislist,thisoneisn’tperchedontheedgeofamountain.Infact,it’sawideurbanhighwaythat’sjust12kmlong.(與這份名單上的其他道路和公路不同，這條路并沒有坐落在山的邊緣。事實上，這是一條只有12公里長的寬闊城市公路。)”可知，這條路與其他路的不同之處在于它位于城市。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Tolearnmoredetails,includingthebesttimestovisit,andhowtorenttheperfectvehicle,pleaseclick.(要了解更多詳細信息，包括最佳參觀時間以及如何租用完美的車輛，請點擊。)”可知，文章用了“pleaseclick”，說明這是一個網(wǎng)頁，因此本文最有可能摘自一個旅行網(wǎng)頁。故選B。BTheGreatSockMysteryIhadaseriousproblem.Mysockdrawerwasmysteriouslyemptying.Itwasn’taghostoraburglarwithastrangehabit;itwasmydog,Buster.Afluffy,clever,andutterlymischievousGoldenRetriever.Forweeks,I’dfindsinglesocksunderthecouchorbehindtheTV,butneverthepairs.Busterwouldjustlookatmewithhisbig,innocenteyes,tailthumpingagainstthefloorasiftosay,“Socks?Missing?Howpeculiar!”Idecidedtoinvestigate.OneTuesdayafternoon,Ipretendedtoleaveforworkbutquietlycircledbackandpeeredthroughthelivingroomwindow.WhatIsawwasasceneofstrangedogbusiness.Busterwasnotalone.Hehadcompany:aserious-lookingPoodlefromnextdoorandaskepticalBeaglefromdownthestreet.InthecenteroftheroomwasBuster’sprizedpossession:hisfluffybed.Butitwasn’tforsleeping.Itwasatreasurecollection.Mysockswerepiledhighuponit—theathleticones,thewarmwoollyones,evenmyfavoritepairwithpizzaslicesonthem.Thenegotiationbegan.ThePoodle,whomIrecognizedasPrincess,steppedforwardanddroppedahigh-quality,expensivedogbiscuitattheedgeofthebed.Bustersniffeditcarefully,nudgedasingle,plainwhitesocktowardher,andthenpulledbackhispaw,guardingtherest.Princessseemedtoconsiderthis,thenaddedanotherbiscuittothepile.Satisfied,Busterusedhisnosetoexpertlypushtwostripedsockstowardher.Thedealwasdone.Princesspickeduphernewsocksandtrottedoutproudly.NextwastheBeagle,Barney.Heofferedawell-licked,slightlyflattennisball.Busterimmediatelylookedutterlyunfazed.Heturnedhisheadawaywithasnort.Barneycried,thenreluctantlyaddedahalf-eatenpig’seartotheoffer.ThisgotBuster’sattention.Aquickexchangewasmadeforonestripedsock.Iburstthroughthedoor.“Buster!Youfurrylittlebusinessman!”Allthreedogsfrozeinguiltysilence.Busterhadthegoodmannerstolookembarrassed.Heslowlycreptover,nottoapologize,buttogentlynudgemyleastfavoritepairofsocks—theitchyChristmasonesfrommyaunt—towardmyfeet.Itwasapeaceoffering,abribetobuymysilence.Icouldn’thelpbutlaugh.Hewasn’tjustagoodthief;hewasanexcellentbusinessman.Itookthesocks.Afterall,everygoodeconomyneedsataxcollector.24.Whatdrovetheauthortostarttheinvestigation?A.Thesockdrawerwasoftenleftopen.B.Busterstartedbarkingatthesockdrawer.C.Buster’sbedwassuddenlyfilledwithsocks.D.Singlesockswerefoundinunusualplacesaroundthehouse.25.WhatwasthefinaloutcomeofthetradebetweenPrincessandBuster?A.Princesstradedacostlybiscuitforaplainwhitesock.B.Princessacquiredthreesocksfortwoexpensivebiscuits.C.Busterexchangedhisstripedsockinthedealforapig’sear.D.Busteracquiredatennisballandgaveuptwostripedsocks.26.Whichisclosetotheunderlinedword“unfazed”inmeaninginparagraph5?A.uninterested. B.uncertain. C.excited. D.confused.27.Whatmighttheauthordoatlast?A.Maketheneighborpayforthetradedsocks.B.ReportBuster’sbusinesstotheanimalshelter.C.AcceptthesockashisshareforforgivingBuster.D.TakeallofBuster’scollectionsawayasapunishment.【答案】24.D25.B26.A27.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者發(fā)現(xiàn)家里的襪子神秘失蹤，調(diào)查后發(fā)現(xiàn)是狗Buster用襪子和其他狗做交易的故事?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Forweeks,I’dfindsinglesocksunderthecouchorbehindtheTV,butneverthepairs.(好幾個星期以來，我總能在沙發(fā)下或電視機后面發(fā)現(xiàn)一只襪子，但從來找不到成對的襪子。)”和第二段中“Idecidedtoinvestigate.(我決定展開調(diào)查。)”可知，作者因在家中不尋常的地方頻繁發(fā)現(xiàn)單只襪子，才決定展開調(diào)查。故選D?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThePoodle,whomIrecognizedasPrincess,steppedforwardanddroppedahigh-quality,expensivedogbiscuitattheedgeofthebed.Bustersniffeditcarefully,nudgedasingle,plainwhitesocktowardher,andthenpulledbackhispaw,guardingtherest.Princessseemedtoconsiderthis,thenaddedanotherbiscuittothepile.Satisfied,Busterusedhisnosetoexpertlypushtwostripedsockstowardher.(我認出是貴賓犬Princess，它走上前來，在床邊放了一塊質(zhì)量上乘、價格昂貴的狗餅干。Buster仔細地嗅了嗅，用鼻子把一只普通的白襪子推到她面前，然后縮回爪子，護著剩下的襪子。Princess似乎在考慮，然后又往堆里加了一塊餅干。Buster很滿意，用鼻子熟練地把兩條條紋襪子推到她面前。)”可知，Princess和Buster交易的最終結(jié)果是Princess用兩塊昂貴的餅干換了三只襪子。故選B?！?6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段中“Heofferedawell-licked,slightlyflattennisball.Busterimmediatelylookedutterlyunfazed.Heturnedhisheadawaywithasnort.(他提供了一個舔得很好、有點扁的網(wǎng)球。Buster立刻看起來完全unfazed。他哼了一聲，把頭轉(zhuǎn)了過去。)”可知，Buster對網(wǎng)球不感興趣，所以把頭轉(zhuǎn)了過去，因此unfazed意思是“不感興趣的”，與uninterested意思相近。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Busterhadthegoodmannerstolookembarrassed.Heslowlycreptover,nottoapologize,buttogentlynudgemyleastfavoritepairofsocks—theitchyChristmasonesfrommyaunt—towardmyfeet.Itwasapeaceoffering,abribetobuymysilence.Icouldn’thelpbutlaugh.Hewasn’tjustagoodthief;hewasanexcellentbusinessman.Itookthesocks.Afterall,everygoodeconomyneedsataxcollector.(Buster還算有禮貌，露出尷尬的神情。它慢慢爬過來，不是來道歉，而是輕輕把我最不喜歡的一雙襪子——姨媽送的那雙讓人發(fā)癢的圣誕襪——推到我腳邊。這是它求和的表示，想賄賂我讓我閉嘴。我忍不住笑了。它不只是個偷襪子高手，還是個出色的生意人呢。我收下了襪子。畢竟，每個良好的經(jīng)濟體系都需要個收稅人呢。)”可推知，作者將襪子當作原諒Buster的“稅款”收下，接受了它的和解。故選C。CSecondplaceisjustthefirstloser.Whilethecompetitivespiritmaybeasnaturalasbreathingair,itdoesn’talwaysleadtohumanflourishingandcancreatemisery.Fortunately,thereisaformulatosolvethisproblem:insteadofalwaysgoingforgold,shootforthebronze.Thoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser,thirdplacecanbetherealwinnerregardinghappinessandlongevity.Ina1995study,scholarssystematicallycodedtheemotionalreactionsofsilverandbronzemedalistsinthe1992SummerOlympicGames.Usingslow-motionfootagecapturedbothimmediatelyaftertheireventsandlaterontheawardspodium(領(lǐng)獎臺),researchersfoundthebronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethanthesilvermedalists.Over80%ofbronzemedalistsexhibitedgenuinesmiles,afigurethatwasnearlydoublethatobservedamongsilvermedalists.Moreover,everybronzemedalist’ssmilelastedlongerthantheaveragesmileobservedamongthesilvermedalists.Morerecentresearchhaslookedatthelifespanofallthreemedalistcategories.A2018studytrackedtheaveragelongevityofthoserepresentingtheU.S.intheOlympicGamesfrom1904to1936andfoundthattheathletewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbyfouryears,livingto76.Butfirstprizeinlongevitywenttothebronzemedalists,wholivedto78.Thestudyhadahandyexplanationforthisdiscrepancy:“Unsatisfactorycompetitionoutcomesmayadverselyaffecthealth.”Inotherwords,silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheylookuptothetopstepandcomparethemselvesonlywiththegoldmedalists,whereasthebronzewinnerscomparethemselvesfavorablywithalltheotherswhonevermadeitontothepodiumatall.Thistheoryshowsthedifferencebetweenupwardanddownwardsocialcomparison.Whenwecompareourselveswiththosewhohavemoremoney,power,orachievements,weoftenfeellike,well,losers.Ittendstolowermotivationandincreasestress.Incontrast,downwardcomparisonmakespeoplefeelbetteraboutthemselvesand,thus,happier.Theworldlyhappinessstrategyofstrivingforgoldeverydayisfoolish.Ittendstolowertheintrinsicmotivation,andthusenjoymentthatpeopleobtainfromtheiractivities.Theprincipleatworkhereistryingtoimproveyourownpastperformanceandtheonlypersontowhomyouwillhavetocompareyourselfisyou.28.Whatcanbelearnedfromthe1995study?A.Silvermedalistsshowedlesshappinessthanbronzewinners.B.Silvermedalists’smilingfrequencywasclosetothatofgoldmedalists.C.Theaveragebronzemedalist’ssmilelastedlongerthaneverysilvermedalist’s.D.Theemotionsofbothmedalistswereunchangedfromtheeventstothepodium.29.Whatisthecauseofthedifferenceinmedalists’lifespan?A.Thestressfromdownwardsocialcomparison.B.Themotivationfromupwardsocialcomparison.C.Theeffectofdifferenttypesofsocialcomparison.D.Thefailuretolookuptothetopafterthecompetition.30.Whatdoesthewriteradviseustodotoachievehappiness?A.Learnfromthetopperformers. B.Trytobethebestineveryfield.C.Committoone’sconsistentpersonalgrowth. D.Strengthenthemotivationtoobtainachievement.31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheTriumphofCominginThird B.TheProblemofHumanCompetitionC.TheMechanismofSocialComparison D.ThePsychologyoftheOlympicMedalists【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)銅牌獲得者在幸福程度和長壽方面是真正的贏家，因為銀牌得主將自己看作第一個失敗者，他們向上比較，而銅牌得主將自己與所有那些沒得獎的人比較，他們向下比較。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Usingslow-motionfootagecapturedbothimmediatelyaftertheireventsandlaterontheawardspodium(講臺),researchersfoundthebronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethanthesilvermedalists.Over80%ofbronzemedalistsexhibitedgenuinesmiles,afigurethatwasnearlydoublethatobservedamongsilvermedalists.Moreover,everybronzemedalist’ssmilelastedlongerthantheaveragesmileobservedamongthesilvermedalists.(研究人員慢動作鏡頭捕捉了緊跟比賽結(jié)束后和稍后在頒獎臺上的情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)銅牌獲得者的平均表現(xiàn)的開心程度一直高于銀牌獲得者。超過80%的銅牌獲得者展現(xiàn)出真誠的笑容，這一數(shù)字幾乎是銀牌獲得者的兩倍。此外，每位銅牌獲得者的笑容都比銀牌獲得者的平均笑容持續(xù)的時間長。)”可知，1995年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)銅牌得主比銀牌得主表現(xiàn)得更開心，也就是說銀牌得主沒有銅牌得主表現(xiàn)得開心。故選A?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thestudyhadahandyexplanationforthisdiscrepancy:“Unsatisfactorycompetitionoutcomesmayadverselyaffecthealth.”Inotherwords,silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheylookuptothetopstepandcomparethemselvesonlywiththegoldmedalists,whereasthebronzewinnerscomparethemselvesfavorablywithalltheotherswhonevermadeitontothepodiumatall.Thistheoryshowsthedifferencebetweenupwardanddownwardsocialcomparison.(這項研究對這種差異有一個方便的解釋：“不令人滿意的比賽結(jié)果可能會對健康產(chǎn)生不利影響。”換句話說，銀牌獲得者認為自己是第一個失敗者，因為他們仰望最高臺階，只將自己與金牌獲得者進行比較，而銅牌獲得者則將自己與所有從未登上領(lǐng)獎臺的人進行比較。這一理論表明了向上和向下社會比較之間的差異。)”可知，獎牌得主壽命的差異反映了不同獎牌得主向上和向下社會比較之間的心理差異。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theprincipleatworkhereistryingtoimproveyourownpastperformanceandtheonlypersontowhomyouwillhavetocompareyourselfisyou.(這里起作用的原則是努力提高自己過去的表現(xiàn)，你唯一需要與之比較的人就是你自己。)”可知，要致力于提高自我，與自己比較，由此可推測，作者建議要致力于個人的不斷成長。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中的“Thoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser,thirdplacecanbetherealwinnerregardinghappinessandlongevity.(雖然第二名可能是第一個失敗者，但在幸福和長壽方面，第三名可能是真正的贏家。)”可知，本文主要講述了第三名在幸福和長壽方面是真正的贏家，并通過研究證實這一觀點，反映了他們向上和向下社會比較的心理差異，呼吁專注自我提高、與自己比較。所以A項“第三名的勝利”最適合作本文標題。故選A。DManythinkthatlanguageiswhatsetshumansapartfromotheranimals,andthatforustothink,languageisadecisivefactor.BritishphilosopherBertrandRussellevenclaimedin1948thatnointelligentthinkingcantakeplacewithoutlanguage.However,arecentstudyinNaturesuggestsotherwise.Itfoundthatlanguageandthoughtaretwodistinctentities,workinginseparatepartsofthebrain.Theyare,inshort,“farmoreindependentthanweimagined”,wroteZMEScience.Thestudy,conductedbyscientistsfromtheUS,exploredthelanguage-thoughtrelationshipthroughtworesearchapproaches.First,theystudiedpatientssufferingfromglobalaphasia,whohadlostmuchoftheirabilitytounderstandorspeakduetodamagetothelefthemisphereoftheirbrain.However,theycanstillcompletecomplextasks.“Youcanaskpeoplewithglobalaphasiatosolvemathproblemsorperformsocialreasoningtests,andaslongastheinstructionsarenon-verbal,theycansucceed,”EvelinaFedorenko,oneofthestudy’sauthorsfromtheUSMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,toldZMEScience.Theresearchersalsousedbrain-imagingtoolstostudythebrainsofhealthyvolunteersastheyperformednon-verbaltasks,likesolvingpuzzlesandplanning.Itwasfoundthatthebrain’slanguageregionsweremostlyinactiveduringsuchactivities.Inotherwords,wegenerallyneedlanguagetoexpressourthoughtsbutwecanstillthinkwithoutwords.So,iflanguageisn’tnecessaryforthinking,thenwhydidhumansdevelopit?Fedorenkosaidlanguageservesmainlyasatoolforcommunication.“Mostofthethingsthatyouprobablylearnedabouttheworld,youlearnedthroughlanguageandnotthroughdirectexperiencewiththeworld,”shesaid.Bybeingabletosharecomplexinformationthroughlanguage,humansgainedanevolutionaryadvantage.Althoughlanguagedoesnotgiverisetothoughts,pastresearchshowsthathowwespeakcanheavilyinfluencehowwethink.Forexample,theEnglishsentence“hefiredthegun”isusuallyphrasedas“thegunwentoff”inJapanese.Asaresult,EnglishspeakersaremorelikelytofocusonthepersonresponsibleforanaccidentthanJapanesespeakers,accordingtoPsychologyToday.32.Whatisthemainpurposeofthestudymentionedinthepassage?A.Toprovethatlanguageisessentialforintelligentthinking.B.Toexaminetherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.C.Todevelopnewtreatmentsforpatientswithglobalaphasia.D.Toidentifythebrainregionsresponsiblefornon-verbalreasoning.33.Whatdidbrain-imagingtoolsrevealabouthealthyvolunteersperformingnon-verbaltask?A.Theystruggledwithproblem-solving. B.Theirlanguagecentersbecameoveractive.C.Theirlanguageregionsshowedlittleactivity. D.Theywouldunconsciouslyuseverbalstrategies.34.Howcanlanguageservehumans,accordingtoFedorenko?A.Ithelpshumansgeneratethoughts. B.Itdecideshumans’evolutionarydirection.C.Itreplacesdirectexperiencewiththeworld. D.Itfacilitatestheexchangeofcomplicatedideas.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Thoughtcanoperateindependentlyfromlanguage.B.Languageplaysadecisiveroleinshapinghumanthought.C.Languageandthoughtaredeeplyinterdependentinthebrain.D.Theabsenceoflanguagemakescomplexthoughtimpossible.【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，語言和思維是獨立的大腦功能，思維無需語言也可進行。語言主要是交流工具，幫助人類傳遞復雜信息獲得進化優(yōu)勢，但思維活動與語言區(qū)域關(guān)聯(lián)不大。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,arecentstudyinNaturesuggestsotherwise.Itfoundthatlanguageandthoughtaretwodistinctentities,workinginseparatepartsofthebrain.(然而，最近發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的一項研究提出了不同的觀點。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，語言和思維是兩個不同的實體，在大腦的不同部位工作)”以及第二段中的“Thestudy,conductedbyscientistsfromtheUS,exploredthelanguage-thoughtrelationshipthroughtworesearchapproaches.(這項由美國科學家進行的研究通過兩種研究方法探索了語言與思維的關(guān)系)”可知，文章提到的這項研究的主要目的是檢查語言和思維之間的關(guān)系。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theresearchersalsousedbrain-imagingtoolstostudythebrainsofhealthyvolunteersastheyperformednon-verbaltasks,likesolvingpuzzlesandplanning.Itwasfoundthatthebrain’slanguageregionsweremostlyinactiveduringsuchactivities.(研究人員還使用大腦成像工具研究了健康志愿者在執(zhí)行非語言任務(如解謎和規(guī)劃)時的大腦。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腦的語言區(qū)域在這樣的活動中大多是不活躍的)”可知，大腦成像工具顯示，健康志愿者在進行非語言任務時，他們的大腦語言區(qū)域幾乎沒有活動。故選C項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Fedorenkosaidlanguageservesmainlyasatoolforcommunication.‘Mostofthethingsthatyouprobablylearnedabouttheworld,youlearnedthroughlanguageandnotthroughdirectexperiencewiththeworld,’shesaid.Bybeingabletosharecomplexinformationthroughlanguage,humansgainedanevolutionaryadvantage.(Fedorenko說，語言主要作為一種交流工具。“你可能了解到的關(guān)于世界的大部分事情，都是通過語言而不是通過與世界的直接接觸學到的，”她說。通過能夠通過語言分享復雜的信息，人類獲得了進化上的優(yōu)勢)”可知，根據(jù)Fedorenko的說法，語言可以促進復雜思想