項(xiàng)目三：煤氣質(zhì)量分析任務(wù)一：氣體樣品采樣方法氣體種類(lèi)及體積測(cè)量方法課程：工業(yè)分析中文Scenario3:QualityanalysisofcoalgasTask1:ThesamplingmethodofgassampleTypesandvolumemeasurementmethodsofgasesCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish一、氣體種類(lèi)及分析意義1、工業(yè)氣體共分四大類(lèi)化工原料氣氣體燃料廢氣廠房空氣中文一、Typesofgasesandtheiranalyticalsignificance1、IndustrialgasesaredividedintofourcategoriesChemicalfeedgasgaseousfuelexhaustgasPlantairEglish（1）天然氣：煤或石油組成物的分解產(chǎn)物，主要是CH4（2）煉油氣：CH4及其它低分子量的C、H化合物（油熱處理產(chǎn)物）（3）焦?fàn)t煤氣：主成分為H2

、CH4（4）水煤氣：CO、H2（水蒸氣和熾熱的煤作用，得到半水煤氣）（5）硫鐵礦焙燒爐氣：SO2（6-9%），用于制造硫酸（6）石灰焙燒窯氣：CO2

（32-40%），用于制堿和制糖工業(yè)化工原料氣是無(wú)機(jī)、有機(jī)合成的重要原料，主要有：中文(1)Naturalgas:Thedecompositionproductofcoalorpetroleumcomponents,mainlyCH4(2)Refinedgas:CH4andotherlowmolecularweightCandHcompounds(3)Cokeovengas:mainlycomposedofH2andCH4(4)Watercoalgas:CO,H2(watervaporreactswithhotcoaltoproducesemiwatercoalgas)(5)Pyriteroastingfurnacegas:SO2(6-9%),usedfortheproductionofsulfuricacid(6)Limecalcinationkilngas:CO2(32-40%),usedinalkaliandsugarindustriesChemicalfeedgasisanimportantrawmaterialforinorganicandorganicsynthesis,mainlyincluding:Eglish

上述天然氣、煉油氣、焦?fàn)t、煤氣、水煤氣及半水煤氣等，除作為化工生產(chǎn)原料氣體之外，也可作為氣體燃料。氣體燃料中文

Theabove-mentionednaturalgas,refininggas,cokeovengas,watercoalgas,andsemiwatercoalgascanalsobeusedasgasfuelsinadditiontobeingusedasrawmaterialsforchemicalproduction.gaseousfuelEglish廢氣：

燃燒爐的煙道氣的組成為：N2、O2、CO2、CO、水蒸氣及少量其它氣體。硫酸、硝酸生產(chǎn)廠房排入大氣的廢氣中含有少量的SO2和NO2。制堿廠排出廢氣中含少量CO2。

總之，有機(jī)化工的廢氣是各種各樣的。中文exhaustgas：

ThecompositionofthefluegasinthecombustionfurnaceisN2,O2,CO2,CO,watervapor,andasmallamountofothergases.TheexhaustgasesdischargedfromsulfuricacidandnitricacidplantsintotheatmospherecontainsmallamountsofSO2andNO2.TheexhaustgasfromthealkaliplantcontainsasmallamountofCO2.

Inshort,theexhaustgasesfromorganicchemicalsarevarious.Eglish廠房空氣：

生產(chǎn)設(shè)備漏氣→生產(chǎn)廠房?jī)?nèi)空氣含生產(chǎn)用氣→危害健康→甚至燃燒爆炸。中文Plantair：

Leakageofproductionequipment→Airintheproductionplantcontainingproductiongas→Healthhazards→Evencombustionandexplosion.Eglish2、氣體分析意義：

在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中為了正常安全生產(chǎn)，對(duì)各種工業(yè)氣體都經(jīng)過(guò)分析，了解其組成。（1）化工原料氣:分析正確配料；（2）中間產(chǎn)品氣體分析生產(chǎn)是否正常；（3）（燃料燃燒后生成）煙道氣分析:燃燒是否正常；（4）廠房空氣分析:通風(fēng)、設(shè)備漏氣情況，有無(wú)有害氣體是否危及生命及廠房安全。中文2、Thesignificanceofgasanalysis：Inindustrialproduction,inordertoensurenormalandsafeproduction,variousindustrial

gasesneedtobeanalyzedtounderstandtheircomposition.(1)Chemicalfeedgas:analyzethecorrectingredients;(2)Intermediateproductgas:analyzewhetherproductionisnormal;(3)Fluegas:analyzewhetherthecombustionisnormal;(4)Factoryair:analyzewhetherventilationandequipmentareleaking,whetherharmfulgasesaregenerated,andwhetheritendangerslifeandfactorysafety.Eglish二、氣體分析的特點(diǎn)一般測(cè)定氣體的V而不是質(zhì)量m，并同時(shí)測(cè)定環(huán)境的T和P。中文二、haracteristicsofgasanalysisWhenmeasuringgascontent,theVofthegasisgenerallymeasuredinsteadofthemassm,andtheTandPoftheenvironmentarealsomeasuredsimultaneously.Characteristicsofgases:LowqualityHighliquidityVolume(V)changeswithtemperature(T)orpressure(P)Eglish三、氣體體積測(cè)量方法1、量氣管圖量氣管1，2，3-活塞，4-水準(zhǔn)瓶144雙臂式單臂式氣體體積通過(guò)量氣管臂上刻線(xiàn)讀出。提高水準(zhǔn)瓶，量氣管中液面上升，排出氣體，降低水準(zhǔn)瓶，量氣管中液面下降，吸入氣體。吸入氣體后將量氣管液面與水準(zhǔn)瓶液面相齊，讀出氣體體積。中文三、Measurementmethodforgasvolume1、Trachealmeasurementmethodeudiometer1，2，3-cock，4-levelingbottle144DoublearmtypeSinglearmtypeThevolumeofgasisreadoutthroughtheengravedlineonthemeasuringtubearm.Raisethelevelbottle,theliquidlevelinthemeasuringtubewillrise,andthegasinthemeasuringtubewillbedischarged;Loweringthelevelbottlewillcausetheliquidlevelinthemeasuringtubetodropandinhalegas.Afterinhalinggas,aligntheliquidlevelofthemeasuringtubewiththeliquidlevelofthelevelbottleandreadthegasvolume.Eglish2、氣量表

當(dāng)測(cè)量微量含量的氣體時(shí)，氣體取樣量比較大，必須使大流量的氣體通過(guò)吸收劑吸收后測(cè)定，就須使用氣量表測(cè)量氣體體積。氣量表有：濕式氣體流量計(jì)氣體流速計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)子流量計(jì)中文2、GasmetermeasurementmethodWhenmeasuringtraceamountsofgas,thegassamplingvolumeisrelativelylarge,andthehighflowrateofgasmustbeabsorbedbyanabsorbentbeforemeasurement.Atthistime,agasvolumemeterneedstobeusedtomeasurethegasvolume.Gasmetersinclude:WetgasflowmeterGasflowmeterRotaryflowmeterEglish中文Immersehalfoftherotatablerotorinwater.Theconversionisdividedintofourinflationchambers,whereairentersfromtheside,drivestheconversiontorotate,andisdischargedfromtheoutlet.Byrotatingitonce,thevolumeofthefourchamberswaspreciselymeasured.Thenumberofrevolutionsconvertedisthecumulativevolumeofgas.Eglish轉(zhuǎn)子流量計(jì)1-錐管，2-轉(zhuǎn)子，3-環(huán)隙當(dāng)被測(cè)流體自錐管下端流入流量計(jì)時(shí)，由于流體的作用，轉(zhuǎn)子上下端面產(chǎn)生一差壓，該差壓即為轉(zhuǎn)子的上升力。當(dāng)差壓值大于浸在流體中轉(zhuǎn)子的重量時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)子開(kāi)始上升。隨著轉(zhuǎn)子的上升，轉(zhuǎn)子最大外徑與錐管之間的環(huán)形面積逐漸增大，流體的流速則相應(yīng)下降，作用在轉(zhuǎn)子上的上升力逐漸減小，直至上升力等于浸在流體中的轉(zhuǎn)子的重量時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)子便穩(wěn)定在某-高度上。這時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)子在錐管中的高度與所通過(guò)的流量有對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系。中文Rotaryflowmeter1-conetube,2-rotor,3-ringgapWhenthemeasuredfluidflowsintotheflowmeterfromthelowerendoftheconicaltube,acertainpressuredifferenceisgeneratedontheupperandlowerendfacesoftherotorduetotheeffectoftheflu