初中英語定語從句專題講義與練習(xí)題一、定語從句的核心概念定語從句是修飾名詞或代詞的從句，被修飾的名詞/代詞稱為先行詞，引導(dǎo)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞）。關(guān)系詞的作用：①連接主句與從句；②指代先行詞；③在從句中充當(dāng)成分（主語、賓語、定語、狀語等）。例：Thegirlwhoissingingismysister.（先行詞：*girl*；關(guān)系代詞*who*在從句中作主語）二、關(guān)系代詞的用法（that,which,who,whom,whose）關(guān)系代詞需根據(jù)先行詞的類別（人/物）和在從句中的成分選擇：1.指人的關(guān)系代詞who：從句中作主語（主格）。例：TheboywhohelpedmeisTom.whom：從句中作賓語（賓格，非正式語境可省略或用*who*代替）。例：Thegirl(whom)youmetismycousin.that：既可指人也可指物，從句中作主語/賓語（賓語時可省略）。例：TheteacherthatteachesusEnglishiskind.（主語）；ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting.（賓語，可省略）whose：表所屬關(guān)系，后接名詞，從句中作定語。例：Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudieshard.2.指物的關(guān)系代詞which：從句中作主語/賓語（賓語時可省略）。例：Thehousewhichstandsbytheriverisold.（主語）；Thepen(which)Ilostisred.（賓語）that：同指人時的用法，可指物（注意與*which*的區(qū)別，見下文“易混點(diǎn)”）。三、關(guān)系副詞的用法（when,where,why）關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，分別對應(yīng)時間、地點(diǎn)、原因：when：先行詞為時間名詞（如*time,day,year*等），從句中作時間狀語。例：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoschool.（=*onwhich*）where：先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞（如*place,city,school*等），從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例：ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied.（=*inwhich*）why：先行詞通常為reason，從句中作原因狀語。例：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisclear.（=*forwhich*）四、易混點(diǎn)與注意事項(xiàng)1.*that*vs*which*用*that*的情況（避免用*which*）：先行詞為*all,little,much,none,nothing,something*等不定代詞時。例：Allthatweneedistime.先行詞被*theonly,thevery,thelast,序數(shù)詞、最高級*修飾時。例：ThisisthefirstbookthatIbought.先行詞既有人又有物時。例：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyoumentionedarefamous.用*which*的情況（避免用*that*）：引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句（從句與主句用逗號隔開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用）。例：Thebook,whichIreadyesterday,isveryinteresting.介詞后指物時（*介詞+which*）。例：Theroominwhichhelivesissmall.（=*where*）2.關(guān)系代詞vs關(guān)系副詞關(guān)鍵看從句中是否缺成分：若從句中缺主語/賓語（動詞后無賓語或主語缺失），用關(guān)系代詞（*that/which/who/whom*）。若從句中主謂賓完整，缺狀語（時間、地點(diǎn)、原因），用關(guān)系副詞（*when/where/why*）。例：Thisistheplacewherewemet.（從句“*wemet*”主謂完整，缺地點(diǎn)狀語→*where*）Thisistheplacethatwevisited.（從句“*wevisited*”缺賓語→*that*）3.介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)：*介詞+whom*（指人）/*which*（指物），介詞的選擇由動詞、形容詞或先行詞的搭配決定。例：Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyuncle.（*talkwithsb.*）Thehouseinwhichhelivesisbig.（*liveinsp.*）五、練習(xí)題（一）基礎(chǔ)鞏固（單選/填空）1.選擇合適的關(guān)系詞填空：Thegirl______iswearingareddressismysister.(*who/which/where*)Thebook______Iboughtyesterdayisabouthistory.(*that/where/why*)Thisisthecity______Iwasborn.(*where/which/that*)Thereason______hewasabsentisunknown.(*why/that/which*)Theboy______fatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.(*whose/who/whom*)2.單選：Iliketheteacher______classesareveryinteresting.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.thatThefilm______wesawlastnightwaswonderful.A.thatB.whatC.whoseD.whoThisisthebestbook______Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatTheman______youmetjustnowismybrother.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whoseTheschool______hestudiedisveryfamous.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that（二）能力提升（改寫/翻譯/語篇）1.改寫句子（用定語從句合并）：Iknowthegirl.Sheiswearingablueskirt.→Iknowthegirl____________wearingablueskirt.Thehouseisold.Itstandsonthehill.→Thehouse____________onthehillisold.Iwillneverforgettheday.Ijoinedtheclubonthatday.→Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedtheclub.2.翻譯句子：這是我曾經(jīng)住過的房子。（提示：用*where*或*inwhich*）→Thisisthehouse______Ioncelived.那個正在彈鋼琴的女孩是我的朋友。（提示：用*who*）→Thegirl__________________thepianoismyfriend.他解釋的那個原因并不合理。（提示：用*that/which*）→Thereason______heexplainedisnotreasonable.3.語篇填空（根據(jù)上下文選擇關(guān)系詞）：Annaisagirl______lovesreading.Shehasabookcase______isfullofbooks.Thebook______shelikesbestis*ToKillaMockingbird*.Thelibrary______sheoftengoesisnearherhome.Thereason______shelikesreadingisthatitbringsherjoy.參考答案（練習(xí)題）（一）基礎(chǔ)鞏固1.填空：*who*（指人，從句缺主語）*that*（指物，從句缺賓語，可省略）*where*（先行詞*city*是地點(diǎn)，從句主謂完整，缺地點(diǎn)狀語）*why*（先行詞*reason*，從句缺原因狀語）*whose*（表所屬，“男孩的父親”）2.單選：B（*whose*修飾*classes*，表“……的”）A（*that*指物，從句缺賓語）B（先行詞被最高級*best*修飾，用*that*）A（*who*指人，從句缺賓語，可省略）B（先行詞*school*是地點(diǎn)，從句主謂完整，缺地點(diǎn)狀語→*where*）（二）能力提升1.改寫：*whois*（合并為定語從句，先行詞*girl*指人，從句缺主語）*that/whichstands*（先行詞*house*指物，從句缺主語）*when*（先行詞*day*是時間，從句主謂完整，缺時間狀語）2.翻譯：*where/inwhich*（先行詞*house*是地點(diǎn)，從句主謂完整，缺地點(diǎn)狀語）*whoisplaying*（先行詞*girl*指人，從句缺主語，“正在彈鋼琴”用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時）*that/which*（先行詞*reason*指物，從句缺賓語，“他解釋的原因”）3.語篇填空：*who*（先行詞*girl