2/22025-2026學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末模擬卷01英語·全解全析（滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.測試范圍：選擇性必修一+選擇性必修二（外研版）。4.難度系數(shù)：0.65。5.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1．Whatdoesthewomanmean?A．Themanneedstofinishthebook.B．Thebookisboring.C．Themanshouldcheckwithhisprofessor.【答案】A【原文】M:Thisbookisboring.I’vebeenreadingitallnight,butIreallydon’twanttofinishit.MaybeIshouldgetanotherbooktoread.W:Idon’tthinkthat’swhatyourprofessorhadinmindwhenhegaveyouthatassignment.2．Whatmaycausethewomantrouble?A．Missingaclass. B．Havingdinneroutside. C．Gettingbackhometoolate.【答案】C【原文】M:MaryandIwillgoouttodinnerafterclassonFriday.Canyougowithus?W:Yeah,sure.Butwhattimearewegoingtogoout?Ihavetobehomebyten,orI’llgetintotrouble.3．Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisjob?A．Heenjoysitverymuch. B．Hedoesn’tcaremuchaboutit. C．Hehatesworkinglate.【答案】A【原文】W:Youseemtohavealotofworktodoatyouroffice.You’realwaysstayinglateandworkingovertime.M:That’strue.Buttheworkisinteresting.Idon’tmindextrahoursatall.4．Howmanycourseswillthemantakenextsemester?A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven.【答案】C【原文】W:Howmanycoursesdidyoutakelastsemester?M:Six.AndIwilltakesevennextsemester.5．Howdoesthemansuggestthewomangotothestation?A．Bybus. B．Onfoot. C．Bytaxi.【答案】B【原文】W:Couldyoutellmehowtogettothetrainstation?Ihearthatit’sinthisdirection.M:Yes,itis.Youcaneithertakeabusorataxiheadingsouth,butitisnottoofar.IfIwereyou,I’dwalk.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatteadoesgoodtolungs?A．Greentea. B．Blacktea. C．Darktea.7．Howmuchwillthewomanpayfortwoboxesoftea?A．200yuan. B．300yuan. C．400yuan.【答案】6．A7．B【原文】M:CanIhelpyou?W:Yes.IknowChineseteaisfamousallovertheworld.Myfriendwantsmetotakesomeforhim.M:Therearevariouskindsofteainourshop.Whichkinddoyouprefer?W:Well,Idon’tknowChineseteaatall.M:Wehaveblackteaanddarktea.Ithasastrongtaste.W:Soundsinteresting.Whataboutthisone?M:It’sgreentea.Itisgoodforyourlungs.W:Soundsgreat.M:Thisboxis200yuan.Ifyouwanttwo,you’llget50%offforthesecond.W:OK.I’dliketotaketwoboxes.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8．Whoisillinthehospital?A．Jack’smother. B．Jack’sfather. C．Jack’swife.9．WhenwillJackprobablygotothehospital?A．Intheevening. B．Rightnow. C．Tomorrow.【答案】8．B9．A【原文】W:Jack,Ijustheardaboutyourfather.Howishedoing?M:He’sinthehospitalresting.Thedoctorshaven’tgivenaclearansweryet.W:I’msosorrytohearthat.Butthisisagoodhospital.I’msuretheywilldowhatevertheycan.M:Ihopeso.W:Youmustfeelreallyworriedrightnow.Butyouknowyourdadisafighter.M:Yeah.Ithinkmymomisthemostworried.I’mworriedabouthowsheisdoing.W:Whereissherightnow?M:She’sinthehospitalwithmydad.Ihavetogotothehospitaltonight.W:Hey,I’llgowithyou.M:Youdon’thaveto.W:It’sreallynoproblem.M:OK.Let’sgorightafterdinner.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Onwhichdaywillthemanleave?A．The22nd. B．The23rd. C．The28th.11．WhichflightwillthemantakefromSaltLakeCitytoNewYork?A．FlightBA2007. B．FlightBA7001. C．FlightBA2710.12．HowlongwillthemanhavetowaitatKennedyAirport?A．Halfanhour. B．Oneandahalfhours. C．Twohours.【答案】10．A11．B12．B【原文】W:HolidayTravel!WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Hello!I’dliketobookaflighttoBerlinforthe23rdthismonth.W:OK.Letmeseewhat’savailable.Andwhenwillyoubereturning?M:Er,well,I’dliketocatchareturnflightonthe28th.Oh,andI’dlikethecheapestseatpossible.W:OK,letmesee.Hmm…theticketpriceismuchlowerifyouleaveonedayearlier.M:Isee.Howmuchisitforonedayearlier?W:It’sonly880dollars.M:Allright.ThenI’lltakethatflight.W:OK.That’sFlightBA7001,fromSaltLakeCitytoNewYorkKennedyAirport.ThenFlightBA2007fromKennedyAirporttoBerlin.ThefirstflightleavesSaltLakeCityat10:00am,andarrivesinNewYorkat4:15pm.Thenthe2ndflightleavesKennedyAirportat5:45pm.You’llarriveinBerlinat8:30amthenextday.M:Allright.Thanks.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Intheoffice. B．Inacar. C．Atschool.14．Whyisthemansleepy?A．Hedidn’tsleepwelllastnight.B．Hedidn’tsleepatalllastnight.C．Hesleptlatelastnight.15．What’swrongwiththeman’sfather?A．Hehassometroublewithhisheart.B．Hehasabadcough.C．Hehasachestpain.16．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Takemoremedicine. B．Dosomeexercise. C．Askforaleave.【答案】13．B14．B15．A16．C【原文】W:Takecare!Youaredrivingofftheroad.M:I’msorryIwasn’tnoticing.W:Youseemtobequitesleepy.Didyousleepwelllastnight?M:Ididn’tsleepthewholenight.W:Why?M:IwatchedTVuntilmidnight.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenmyfathersuddenlygotill.SoIhadtotakehimtothehospital.W:Isyourfatherseriouslyill?M:Yes,very.Thedoctorsayshehastostayinhospitalforsometime.W:Butwhat’swrongwithhim?M:Hehassomethingwrongwithhisheart.W:Whynotaskforleavethismorning?Isuggestyounotgotoworkthismorningandtakeagoodrestathome.M:No,Ican’t.I’mstillnewintheoffice.W:Then,letmedrivethecar.M:Thankyou.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．What’sthetopicofthespeech?A．Ideasaboutanaveragestudent.B．Largeforeignstudentpopulation.C．DifferentuniversitylivesinAmerica.18．Whydomanystudentstakepart-timeorfull-timejobs?A．Tobuyclothes. B．Topayoffstudentloan. C．Tosavemoneyforthefuture.19．Whomakesupthelargestforeignstudentpopulation?A．Chinese. B．Indian. C．German.20．Whomightbethelisteners?A．Professors. B．Freshmen. C．Parents.【答案】17．C18．B19．A20．B【原文】Goodmorning,everyone.TodayI’dliketogiveyousomeideasabouthowlifeatanAmericanuniversitymightbedifferentfromthatinyourowncountry.Tobesure,thebodyonaU.S.campusisaprettydiversegroupofpeople.First,youwillfindstudentsofallages.Althoughmoststudentsstartcollegeataroundtheageof18,youwillseestudentsintheir30sand40sandevenoccasionallyintheir60sand70s.StudentsonaU.S.campuscomefromawidevarietyofsocialandeconomicbackgrounds.Manystudentsworkatleastpart-time,someofthemworkfull-time,topayforthestudentloan.Thenumberofforeignstudentsislarge.TheycomefromCanada,China,Germany,Indiaandsoon,butthelargestpopulationisChinese.SoyoucanseethatonemeetsallkindsofpeopleonaU.S.collegeoruniversitycampus.Asanew-comer,myadviceforsuchadifferenceistorespect.Nowthatyouhavesomegeneralideaofthedifferentuniversitylifehere,I’dliketotalkafewminutesaboutwhatIthinkanaveragestudentisandthendiscusswithyouwhatatypicalclassmightbelike.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABOSTONMARATHONTRAININGPLANWelcometotheBostonMarathonTrainingPlan.DevelopedbytheBostonAthleticsAssociation(B．A．A．),thetrainingplanwillhelpguideyoutosuccess.Itisespeciallysuitableforthe2020BostonMarathoncompetitors,andisnotnecessarilyintendedforotherevents.TheplanstartsonThursday,November22,andendinonThursday,April11,2020.Therearefourlevelsoftrainingplansdesignedtohelpyou,whetheryouarerunningoverfivehoursorgoingforasub-threehourmarathon:?LevelOneisdesignedaroundrunninganaverageoffourdaysperweek.?LevelTwowillhaveyourunanaverageoffivedaysperweek.?LevelThreewillbeanaverageofsixdaysperweek.?LevelFourwillhaveyoutrainingsixtosevendaysperweek.Thestep-by-stepincreaseindailyandweeklyadvantageisdesignedtochallengeyouwhilealsoreducingtheriskoftrainingtoohard.Allfourplansbuildasolidbaseofrunningfitness,andwillhelptrytomaximizeyourracepotential.Aswithanytrainingplan,whatisoutlinedismerelyaguideonhowtobuildandarrangeyourweeklyrunningroutine.TheB．A．A．BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaterialisintendedtobeofgeneralinformationaluseandisnotintendedtobeanyfitnessormedicaladvice.Youshouldalwaysconsultaqualifiedandlicensedmedicalprofessionalbeforebeginningorchanginganyexerciseprogram.Pleaseusepersonaljudgmentwhenparticipatinginanytrainingorexerciseprogram.InformationcontainedwithintheB．A．A．BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaynotbereproducedoradaptedwithoutapprovedwrittenpermitsfromtheBostonAthleticAssociation.Goodlucktoallrunners.21．ThisBostonMarathonTrainingplanispurposelydesignedfor______.A．the2020BostonMarathonorganizers B．the2020BostonMarathonparticipantsC．the2020AmericanMarathoncompetitors D．the2020Marathonrunnersaroundtheworld22．Whatdoweknowaboutthefourlevelsofthetrainingplan?A．Theyaredesignedwithaflexibletimetable.B．Theyrequirestricttimeontraining.C．Theyaresuitableforrunnersofallages.D．Theycanhelpyoubuildandarrangeyourdailyrunningroutine.23．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A．Fourlevelstrainingplanenablesyoutomakethebestuseofyourpotential.B．Youshouldjudgebyyourselfwhichtrainingprogramsuitsyoubest.C．Youcanchangeyourtrainingplanundertheguidanceofyourmedicalprofessional.D．The2020BostonMarathonPlanoffersadviceonbothtrainingandrunningfitness.【答案】21．B22．A23．D【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則波士頓馬拉松訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃，介紹了訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃的四個(gè)水平以及注意事項(xiàng)。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itisespeciallysuitableforthe2020BostonMarathoncompetitors,andisnotnecessarilyintendedforotherevents.(它特別適用于2020年波士頓馬拉松賽的參賽者，并不一定適用于其他賽事)”可知，這次波士頓馬拉松訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃是專為2020年波士頓馬拉松選手設(shè)計(jì)的。故選B。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“?LevelOneisdesignedaroundrunninganaverageoffourdaysperweek.?LevelTwowillhaveyourunanaverageoffivedaysperweek.?LevelThreewillbeanaverageofsixdaysperweek.?LevelFourwillhaveyoutrainingsixtosevendaysperweek.(?第一級(jí)的設(shè)計(jì)是平均每周跑步4天。?二級(jí)要求你平均每周跑步5天。?第三級(jí)是平均每周6天。?四級(jí)會(huì)讓你每周訓(xùn)練6到7天)”以及倒數(shù)第三段中“Thestep-by-stepincreaseindailyandweeklyadvantageisdesignedtochallengeyouwhilealsoreducingtheriskoftrainingtoohard.(每天和每周逐步增加的優(yōu)勢(shì)是為了挑戰(zhàn)你，同時(shí)也減少過度訓(xùn)練的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可推知，訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃的四個(gè)水平的時(shí)間表是靈活的。故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“TheB.A.A.BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaterialisintendedtobeofgeneralinformationaluseandisnotintendedtobeanyfitnessormedicaladvice.(B.A.A.波士頓馬拉松訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃材料的目的是為了提供一般的信息，而不是為了提供任何健身或醫(yī)療建議)”可知，D選項(xiàng)“2020年波士頓馬拉松計(jì)劃提供了訓(xùn)練和跑步健身方面的建議”不正確。故選D。BThedogismovingthroughthegrass,closelyfollowedbybearbiologistCarrieHunt,whoisobservinghisreactionsasheseesthegrizzlybearcarcass(尸體)forthefirsttime.“Findit,”saysHunt,encouragingthetwo-month-oldpuppy.Thepuppy’searsandtailareupasheapproachesthebear,butwiththeconfidencethatHuntislookingforinabearconflictdog.ThisisaKarelianbeardog,atypeofanimalknowntobefearlessandcapableofstandinguptolargemammals.Peopleonceusedthemtohunt.Today,Huntisusingthemtokeepbearsalive.Karelianpuppiesundergoaseriesofprocedureswheretrainersteachthemtherightbehavioursandevaluatetheirpersonalityandhowtheyreact.Just20%willmakethecutasbearconflictdogs.Whenready,theyaredistributedacrossNorthAmerica—forexample,workingwiththeAlaskafireservicetokeepfirefighterssafeandreducethenumberofbearskilled.InAmerica,bearsliveinlandscapeswherethehumanfootprintisexpanding.Consequently,peopleandpredators(捕食性動(dòng)物)areforcedtosharespace,settingthestageforincreasedconflicts.Historically,wildlifemanagerstriedtoscarebearsawaywithnoisemakersandrubberbullets(子彈),butthatdidnotalwayswork.Nowthewildlifedepartmentisemployingdogs.Whenabeardarestocometooclose,thedogschaseitawayinabriefpursuit.“Forthebear,itisabadexperience,”Huntsays.Bearsareborntobewaryofanimalsofthedogfamilyaswolvescankilltheirbabies.Thelessontaughtbythedogsisonethatthebearsseemtoremember.Astudyfoundthatbearsthathadencounterswithbeardogsspentlesstimeinurbanareas.“ThedogsmakemeabetterbiologistbecausetheyallowmetokeepbearsinthelandscapeaslongasIpossiblycan,ratherthanhavingtokillandremovethem,”Huntsays.24．Whatdoyouthinkofthedogfromhisreactionatthefirstsightofthecarcass?A．Observantandaggressive.B．Mindfulbutfearful.C．Determinedandskilled.D．Cautiousbutbrave.25．Whatdoweknowaboutthetraining?A．Itstartswithdogsrecognizingbearcarcasses.B．Averysmallpercentagesurvivestheselection.C．Personalitytestsreallyweighthemostheavily.D．Firefightersteamedwithdogsfurtherthetraining.26．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“bewaryof”mostprobablymean?A．Bewatchfulof. B．Beashamedof.C．Beenviousof. D．Befondof.27．Whatisthepurposeoftrainingthebearconflictdogs?A．Tokeepmorebeardogsalive.B．Toevaluatethetrainingprocedures.C．Totrainwould-bebiologists.D．Toresolvehuman-animalconflicts.【答案】24．D25．B26．A27．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了生物學(xué)家通過培訓(xùn)狗來趕走熊，以此減少人熊沖突。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thepuppy’searsandtailareupasheapproachesthebear,butwiththeconfidencethatHuntislookingforinabearconflictdog.(當(dāng)這只小狗接近熊時(shí)，它的耳朵和尾巴都豎起來了，但亨特在熊對(duì)抗犬身上尋找到了自信。)及第二段中“ThisisaKarelianbeardog,atypeofanimalknowntobefearlessandcapableofstandinguptolargemammals.(這是一只卡累利阿熊狗，一種以無所畏懼和能夠?qū)勾笮筒溉閯?dòng)物而聞名的動(dòng)物。)”可知，這只狗第一眼看到尸體時(shí)它謹(jǐn)慎但勇敢。故選D。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Just20%willmakethecutasbearconflictdogs.(只有20%的狗會(huì)成為熊沖突犬。)”可知，只有很小的一部分狗通過了選拔。故選B。26．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段劃線短語后的“aswolvescankilltheirbabies(因?yàn)槔菚?huì)殺死它們的孩子)”可知犬類動(dòng)物會(huì)吃掉熊仔，所以熊對(duì)犬類動(dòng)物就特別小心警惕。A.Bewatchfulof警惕，提防；B.Beashamedof感到羞愧；C.Beenviousof.羨慕；D.Befondof喜歡。故選A。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“InAmerica,bearsliveinlandscapeswherethehumanfootprintisexpanding.

Consequently,peopleandpredators(捕食性動(dòng)物)areforcedtosharespace,settingthestageforincreasedconflicts.

Historically,wildlifemanagerstriedtoscarebearsawaywithnoisemakersandrubberbullets(子彈),butthatdidnotalwayswork.

Nowthewildlifedepartmentisemployingdogs.

Whenabeardarestocometooclose,thedogschaseitawayinabriefpursuit.(在美國，熊生活在人類足跡不斷擴(kuò)大的地區(qū)。因此，人類和掠食者被迫共享空間，為不斷增加的沖突創(chuàng)造了條件。從歷史上看，野生動(dòng)物管理者試圖用噪音制造者和橡皮子彈來嚇跑熊，但這并不總是奏效?，F(xiàn)在野生動(dòng)物部門正在雇傭狗。當(dāng)熊敢靠得太近時(shí)，狗會(huì)短暫地把它趕走。)”和最后一段““ThedogsmakemeabetterbiologistbecausetheyallowmetokeepbearsinthelandscapeaslongasIpossiblycan,ratherthanhavingtokillandremovethem,”Huntsays.(亨特說:“這些狗讓我成為了一個(gè)更好的生物學(xué)家，因?yàn)樗鼈冏屛冶M可能長時(shí)間地把熊留在這片土地上，而不是殺死和帶走它們。”)”可知，生物學(xué)家通過培訓(xùn)狗來趕走熊，以此減少人熊沖突。故選D。CAnyonewithinsomniaknowstheimpatienceandfrustrationthataccompaniessleeplessness.Youlongforabuttonthatcouldinstantlydampenallthatmentalactivity.Theideaofamentalswitchisnotfar-fetched.Mostneuroscientistsnowagreethatourwakefulnessiscoordinatedbyatinybundleofneurons(一小束神經(jīng)元)knownasthe“l(fā)ocuscoeruleus”(LC),Latinfor“bluedot”.Itisaliteraldescription:theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleushavethebluecolourfromtheproductionofaparticularneurotransmitter,callednorepinephrine.Norepinephrineraisesthechancethataneuronwill“fire”withanelectriccurrent.Whentheybecomeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrain-enhancingthecommunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.Thereareslightdifferencesintheprocess.Dependingonthetypesofreceptorstheyhave,someneuronsaremoresensitivetosmalleramountsofnorepinephrine,whileothersonlyrespondtohigherthresholds.Thismeansthat,asthelocuscoeruleusactivityrises,itwillstarttoaffectsomebrainareasmorethanothers,whichcanhavedramaticeffectsonthingslikeourfocus,concentrationandcreativity.Giventhebluedot’srole,itmakessensethatitwouldbequietestatnightduringsleep.Itisnotentirelysilent,however,butfiresoccasionally-andrecentresearchbyAnitaLüthiattheUniversityofLausannesuggeststhatthisactivitymaydeterminethequalityofoursleeps.Acrossthenight,wealternatebetweendifferentsleepstages.Thereis“rapideyemovement”(REM)sleep,whichisassociatedwithvividdreamingandisthoughttobecrucialforprocessingandconsolidatingmemories.Muchofourrest,however,isspentinnon-REM(NREM)sleep,duringwhichthebrainmayengageinadeepclean,clearingawaycellularwaste.Measuringbrainactivityindozingmice,AnitafoundNREMsleepwasassociatedwithtemporaryburstsoflocuscoeruleusactivityevery50seconds.Asaresult,theanimalwasmoresensitivetooutsidestimuli,likenoises-withoutfullywaking.“It’sgeneratingthisstateofenhancedvigilance(警覺),”Anitasays.“Itreallygivesyouthisideathatwakefulnesscanbegradedinthebrain.”ThebeginningofREMsleepwasalmostalwaysassociatedwithlowlocuscoeruleusactivity.“ThattransitiontoREMsleephastobeverywellcontrolled,”saysAnita,“becauseinREMsleep,wehaveatonia.”That’sthetemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofourbody,whichpreventsusfromphysicallyactingoutourdreams.Anitaemphasisesthatherexperimentswereconductedinmice,sowestillneedtoconfirmthatthebluedotplaysasimilarroleinhumansleep.Ifso,shesuspectsthatalteredlocuscoeruleusactivitycouldbeimplicatedinconditions—suchasanxiety—thatmaycontributetodisorderedsleep.Shefoundthatexposingherlaboratorymicetomildsourcesofstress—suchasknockingontheircage—raisedthebluedot’sactivityandincreasedtheirvigilancethroughoutthenight,resultinginfragmentedsleep.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A．Neurons. B．Electriccurrents.C．Projections. D．Neurotransmitters.29．Accordingtothepassage,whatistheroleoftheLC?A．Producingreceptors. B．Preservingcellsensitivity.C．Monitoringbrainactivity. D．Improvingneuralconnectivity.30．WhichofthefollowingmayAnitaLüthiagreewith?A．Thebluedotfiresregularlyatnight.B．StresshasanimpactontheLCactivity.C．LowLCactivitycanhelpcleancellularwaste.D．Atoniaresultsfromsuddenburstsofbrainactivity.31．Whatmightbethenextstepoftheresearch?A．Gradingthewakefulnessofhumanbrains.B．Unlockingthemechanismofsleepdisorder.C．Assessingthefunctionofthebluedotonhumans.D．IdentifyingapproachestoalteringtheLCactivity.【答案】28．A29．D30．B31．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了藍(lán)斑核在睡眠和覺醒中的作用及其相關(guān)研究。28．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Itisaliteraldescription:theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleushavethebluecolourfromtheproductionofaparticularneurotransmitter,callednorepinephrine.Norepinephrineraisesthechancethataneuronwill‘fire’withanelectriccurrent.Whentheybecomeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrain-enhancingthecommunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.(這是一個(gè)直白的描述：藍(lán)斑核中的神經(jīng)元因產(chǎn)生一種名為去甲腎上腺素的特殊神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)而呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)色。去甲腎上腺素增加了神經(jīng)元通過電流“放電”的可能性。當(dāng)它們變得活躍時(shí)，藍(lán)斑核中的細(xì)胞會(huì)沿著它們的投射將這種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)束傳遞到大腦的其他區(qū)域，從而增強(qiáng)該區(qū)域神經(jīng)元之間的交流)”可知，“they”指代的是前文中提到的“theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleus”，即“Neurons(神經(jīng)元)”。故選A。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whentheybecomeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrain-enhancingthecommunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.(當(dāng)它們變得活躍時(shí)，藍(lán)斑核中的細(xì)胞會(huì)沿著它們的突起將一束束這種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)傳遞到大腦的其他區(qū)域，增強(qiáng)該區(qū)域神經(jīng)元之間的通信)”可知，藍(lán)斑核（LC）的作用是改善神經(jīng)連接，增強(qiáng)神經(jīng)元之間的通信。故選D。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Shefoundthatexposingherlaboratorymicetomildsourcesofstress—suchasknockingontheircage—raisedthebluedot’sactivityandincreasedtheirvigilancethroughoutthenight,resultinginfragmentedsleep.(她發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓實(shí)驗(yàn)小鼠暴露于輕微的壓力源下，比如敲它們的籠子，會(huì)提高藍(lán)斑核的活動(dòng)水平，并增加它們整晚的警覺性，導(dǎo)致睡眠碎片化)”可知，AnitaLüthi可能會(huì)同意B選項(xiàng)“壓力對(duì)藍(lán)斑核活動(dòng)有影響”。故選B。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Anitaemphasisesthatherexperimentswereconductedinmice,sowestillneedtoconfirmthatthebluedotplaysasimilarroleinhumansleep.(Anita強(qiáng)調(diào)，她的實(shí)驗(yàn)是在小鼠身上進(jìn)行的，所以我們?nèi)匀恍枰_認(rèn)藍(lán)斑核在人類睡眠中是否扮演類似的角色)”可知，下一步的研究可能是評(píng)估藍(lán)斑核在人類身上的功能。故選C。DWhenGhanaianphotojournalistPaulNinsoninitiallypursuedacareerinphotography,hefoundthechallengediscouraging.Photographyisn’texactlyvaluedasacareerinGhana,Ninsonsays,“Ifyoutellyourparentsyou’regoingtobeaphotographer,itwaslike,‘Yuck,what?Gobealawyer.’”ButNinsonfeltphotographywashiscalling.Deeplyinfluencedbythefamilyhistoryofstorytellingpasseddownthroughhisgrandparentsandlaterattractedbyafriend’simages,hedevelopedaloveforphotography.Hesoldhismobilephone,boughtacameraandbeganstudyingphotography.ThoughNinsonbeganhisjourneywithcommercialphotography,hesoonshiftedhisfocustostoriesclosertohisheart-thoseofAfricanhistoryandculturethathewouldcaptureasaphotojournalist.Ninsonstillsoughtformaleducationinphotojournalism.UnabletofindasuitableprograminAfrica,heleftGhanain2019tostudyinNewYorkCity.There,hereadthecenter’shundredsofphotobooks.InGhana,heonlyhadaccesstofiveorsixofsuchbooks.Asheventureddeeperintothecity,hediscoveredmorevisualhistoriesofAfricathanhehadexperiencedathome,suchasdocumentationofGhana’sfirstpresidentattheNewYorkPublicLibrary.ThelibrariesNinsonvisitedwereunwillingtogivehimtheirarchives(檔案)toreturntoAfrica,whichledtohisideaofcreatingaleadingphotobooklibraryinAfricathatheldsuchstories.ThisideahasbeenrealizedwiththecreationofDikanCenterinAccra,Ghana’scapital.InGhanaianartistDaniellaAfful’seyes,DikanCenteristhebeginningofforthegrowthofGhana’screativecommunity,“DikanCenterhasmagnified(放大)artandphotography.DikanCenterhaskindofgivenusthehopethatwemaysoonhaveamusiclibraryandwecouldhaveafilmlibraryinGhana—anythingjusttopreserveourhistoryandmakehistory.”32．HowdidNinson’sgrandparentsaffecthiscareerchoice?A．TheyboughtacameraforNinson.B．Theyaskedhimtoconsulthisfriend.C．Theycarriedonthestorytellingtradition.D．Theyshowedmanyphotosofhisfamily.33．WhydidNinsongotoAmerica?A．Hedesiredforchancestobetterhimself.B．Hehuntedformoreapproachestoculture.C．Heplannedtosellhundredsofphotobooks.D．Hewantedtoreturntocommercialphotography.34．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNinson?A．Innovativeandhard-working. B．Generousandcaring.C．Optimisticandhumorous. D．Braveandoutgoing.35．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A．TocallonpeopletobuildmorelibrariesinGhana.B．TopromotethedevelopmentofartinGhana.C．TohighlightthesignificanceofDikanCenter.D．TodiscussthechallengesofpreservingAfricanhistory.【答案】32．C33．A34．A35．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了加納攝影記者PaulNinson克服社會(huì)偏見，堅(jiān)持?jǐn)z影夢(mèng)想，并通過創(chuàng)立DikanCenter保存和傳播非洲歷史文化，激勵(lì)了加納創(chuàng)意社區(qū)的發(fā)展。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Deeplyinfluencedbythefamilyhistoryofstorytellingpasseddownthroughhisgrandparentsandlaterattractedbyafriend’simages,hedevelopedaloveforphotography.(深受祖父母傳承下來的家族敘事傳統(tǒng)影響，后來又被朋友的攝影作品所吸引，他逐漸愛上了攝影)”可知，Ninson的祖父母通過傳承講故事的傳統(tǒng)，影響了他選擇攝影作為職業(yè)。故選C項(xiàng)。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ninsonstillsoughtformaleducationinphotojournalism.UnabletofindasuitableprograminAfrica,heleftGhanain2019tostudyinNewYorkCity.(Ninson仍在尋求新聞攝影方面的正規(guī)教育。由于在非洲找不到合適的課程項(xiàng)目，他于2019年離開加納前往紐約求學(xué))”可知，Ninson去美國是為了接受更好的教育，提升自己的攝影技能。故選A項(xiàng)。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“ThelibrariesNinsonvisitedwereunwillingtogivehimtheirarchives(檔案)toreturntoAfrica,whichledtohisideaofcreatingaleadingphotobooklibraryinAfricathatheldsuchstories.ThisideahasbeenrealizedwiththecreationofDikanCenterinAccra,Ghana’scapital.(Ninson走訪的圖書館都不愿將館藏檔案交給他帶回非洲，這促使他萌生了一個(gè)想法：在非洲建立一個(gè)能夠保存這些影像故事的頂級(jí)攝影圖書館。這個(gè)構(gòu)想最終在加納首都阿克拉得以實(shí)現(xiàn)——DikanCenter由此誕生)”可知，Ninson創(chuàng)立了DikanCenter，旨在保存非洲的歷史和文化，這是一種創(chuàng)新舉措；根據(jù)第二段中“Hesoldhismobilephone,boughtacameraandbeganstudyingphotography.(他賣掉了自己的手機(jī)，買了一臺(tái)相機(jī)，開始學(xué)習(xí)攝影)”和第四段中“UnabletofindasuitableprograminAfrica,heleftGhanain2019tostudyinNewYorkCity.There,hereadthecenter’shundredsofphotobooks.(由于在非洲找不到合適的課程項(xiàng)目，他于2019年離開加納前往紐約求學(xué)。在那里，他研讀了該中心收藏的數(shù)百本攝影集)”可知，他賣掉手機(jī)購買相機(jī)，遠(yuǎn)赴紐約學(xué)習(xí)，閱讀大量攝影書籍，都體現(xiàn)了他的勤奮。故選A項(xiàng)。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“InGhanaianartistDaniellaAfful’seyes,DikanCenteristhebeginningofforthegrowthofGhana’screativecommunity,“DikanCenterhasmagnified(放大)artandphotography.DikanCenterhaskindofgivenusthehopethatwemaysoonhaveamusiclibraryandwecouldhaveafilmlibraryinGhana—anythingjusttopreserveourhistoryandmakehistory.”(在加納藝術(shù)家DaniellaAfful眼中，DikanCenter是加納創(chuàng)意社群發(fā)展的火種?！癉ikanCenter放大了藝術(shù)與攝影的價(jià)值。它讓我們看到了希望——或許很快我們就能在加納建立音樂圖書館、電影圖書館，任何能保存歷史、創(chuàng)造歷史的載體?！?”可知，最后一段通過加納藝術(shù)家DaniellaAfful的視角，強(qiáng)調(diào)DikanCenter對(duì)加納創(chuàng)意社區(qū)的激勵(lì)作用，并提到它給人們帶來希望。因此，作者是在強(qiáng)調(diào)DikanCenter的重要性和影響力。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheSundayscariesrefertoanover-whelmingfeelingoffearandanxietyaboutgoingtoworkorschoolthenextday.36ButeventhoughtheSundayscariesarecommon,theyaremanageable.Here’showexpertssayyoucaneaseyourend-of-weekendanxiety.StructureyourSunday.StructurecanbeabestfriendwhenfeelingtheSundayscaries.Insteadofsittingonthecouchandwatchingtheclock,gotodosomethingthatyouenjoy.Youmightstillgetasenseoffear.37Thus,youshouldanticipatetheweekendasatimetorelax,connectwithfriendsandfamily,andaddressitemsfromato-dolistthatgetneglectedduringtheworkweek.Don’tforgettorelax.WhenstructuringyourSunday,trynottostuffinlargequantitiesofbusinessandchores.38Whateverfeelslikeahelpfuldistractiontoreviveyourselfcanbeadopted,maybeabodymeditation,maybeamidafternoonbath,maybeanengagingshow.39Anxietyisanormalhumanexperience,andoneofthemainwaystomanageitistofindoutyourpersonaltriggers.Soyouneedtopinpointwhat’sreallycausingyoutofeartheweek—Isitadeadline?meeting?Orpresentation?Also,itisnecessarytocreatemultipleto-dolists,whichcanhelpputintoperspectivewh