上海市上海中學(xué)學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷ADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.21.Onthetopofthemountain________,abreathtakingviewoftheentirevalley.A.asmalltemplestoodB.didasmalltemplestandC.stoodasmalltempleD.standasmalltemple22.________,wemustneverloseourfaithinthepowerofpersistence.A.AsthechallengesmaybegreatB.GreatasthechallengesmaybeC.HoweverthechallengesmaybegreatD.Nomattergreatthechallengesmaybe23.Onlyafterthein-depthinvestigation________thecomplexrootcausesofthesystemicfailure.A.thecommitteerevealedB.didthecommitteerevealC.thecommitteedidrevealD.revealedthecommittee24.Notforonemoment________thattheirquietperseverancewouldonedayrevolutionizetheentirefieldofbiotechnology.A.theyhadimaginedB.havetheyimaginedC.theyimaginedD.hadtheyimagined25.Mostteachersarguethatstudentsshouldreducescreentimetoprotecteyesight,________thatexcessiveonlinegameswillalsoacademicperformance.A.asdomostparentsB.soaremostparentsC.suchasmostparentsD.asmostparents26.________thecomplexwebofinternationalrelationships,evenaminordiplomaticerrorcanproducefar-reachingworldwide.A.ConsideringB.SinceC.BecauseD.Whereas27.Theoldlibrary,________duringthewarasasecretmeetingplace,holdsaspecialsignificance________isunknowntomanyofitsvisitorstoday.A.used;whichB.beingused;thatC.havingused;whatD.tobeused;/28.Heisoneofthemostinnovativescientists________worksarenotonlypopularbutalsoposeaprofoundchallengetotheconventionalvalues________wehavelongheld.1A.whose;whomB.whom;/C.whose;whichD.that;that29.Thereasonforhissuddendeparture,________heexplainedtomeinconfidence,wasdeeplypersonalandpainful.A.asB.whyC.whatD.that30.________thehistoricalrecordscarefullyformonths,theresearcherfinallyuncoveredakeydetailthathadbeenoverlookedfordecades.A.examineB.ExaminingC.ExaminedD.Havingexamined31.Theancientcastle,________thetoweringwallshadwitnessedcenturiesofhistory,wasfinallyopenedtothepublic.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.that32.Themuseumhousesapricelesscollectionofartifacts,many________datebacktotheBronzeAge.A.ofwhichB.whichC.ofwhomD.that33.________theancientcivilizationmanagedtobuildsuchprecisestructureswithoutmoderntechnology,remainsaprofoundmystery.A.WhatB.HowC.ThatD.Which34.Thereisnosolidevidencewhatsoever________theeventevertookplaceasdescribedinthebook.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether35.________theaccident,hehesitated________acrossthebusyroadeversince.A.towalkB.Havingwitnessed;towalkC.walkingD.Havingwitnessed;walking36.Theproposal________bythecommitteeinvolves________theretirementage.A.considering;raisingB.considered;raisingC.tobeconsidered;toraiseD.considered;toraise37.Foryears,thescientist________thathistheorywouldeventuallybeproven,andnow,withthelatestexperimentaldata,itfinally________.A.hadmaintained;hasbeenB.hasmaintained;isC.maintained;hadbeenD.hadbeenmaintaining;is38.Themanagerdecidedto________clearguidelinestoensureeveryoneunderstoodthenewproject'sobjectives.2A.setoutB.setaboutC.setasideD.set39.Thescientist'sfindingsweresosignificantthatthey________throughtheacademiccommunity,influencingresearchfordecades.A.FlittedB.echoedC.piledD.devoted40.Thetwotheories,thoughdevelopedindependentlybyscholarsondifferentcontinents,werestrikingly________intheircoreprinciplesandconclusions.A.IdenticalB.equivalentC.challengingD.elevated41.Theoldcottage,withitssmokerisinglazilyfromthechimney,wasperfectly________intheprotectiveembraceoftherollinghills.A.nestledB.composedC.integratedD.regulatedBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.witnessB.strippingC.unearthingD.weavingE.walkingAB.sealedAC.subjectiveAD.transformedAE.simplyBC.specificallyBD.presenceaNowmorethanever,wemustrecognizethatanimalsdomatter.Theyaremorethanaliving________42towildernessandunspoiledbeauty.Theydeservemoreoutoflifethantobevictimsinourfailedtocoexist.Justasweappreciateindividualityinpeople,sotoomuchwevalueitinotheranimals.OnOct.1,2025,JaneGoodallpassedaway.Muchofheramazinglifeis________43inthelegacysheleavesbehind.InColorado,GovernorJaredPolisimmediatelyproclaimedOct.1,2025,asJaneGoodallDay.Her________44willsurelybeeverlasting.sharepersonalreflectionsonherlifeandlegacy,weturntotwoofherlong-timecollaborators:Marc,awildlifefilmmakerandproducerwhoworkedwithJaneforover30years,andMarlon,asciencewriterandeditorwhohelpedshapeJane’slaterwritingsandglobalmessaging.Marc:Jane'spioneeringresearch________45ourunderstandingofchimpanzees.InNovember1960,sheobservedDavidGreybeardmakingandusingatoolby________46leavesfromastraw3sticktoextracttermites(白蟻).Thisgroundbreakingobservationwasinitiallymetwithdoubtsuntilsheprovidedvideoevidence.Nowwemustredefinetool,redefineMan,oracceptchimpanzeesashumans.Janealsonamedthechimpanzeessheobserved,forwhichshewasstronglycriticized.“Iwastoldthatnaminganimalsistoo________47,”sherecalled,“Individualdifferencesinpersonalities________48amountedto‘noiseinthesystem.’”Largeamountsofsubsequentresearchhaveshownhowwrongourcriticswere.Marlon:Asastrongbelieverinthepowerofstories,IhadlonglookeduptoGoodallasa(n)________49encyclopediaforthenaturalworld.Formostofus,________50theformativemomentsofourlivesisavoyageintovastandunchartedmemories.NotsoforGoodall,whocutsthroughthemistwithease,________51themtogetherasiftherehadbeennodeadends.ADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theconventionalportrayalofscientificadvancementasastraightforwardgatheringofsuccessespresentsafundamentallymisleadingpicture.Authenticscientificprogressisrarelystraight;________52,itfollowsawindingpathfilledwithunexpectedobstaclesanddefinitivefailures.Ratherthanrepresentingmereblocks,theseapparentsetbacksfrequentlyfunctionasimportant________53thatre-orientresearchtowardmorepromisingdirectionsanddeeperunderstanding.Thediscoveryofcosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiationaparticularlyinstructivecasestudy.WhenradioastronomersArnoPenziasandRobertfirstdetectedpersistentinterference(干擾)intheirmeasurements,theynaturally________54thisusualsignalasevidenceofequipmentproblem.Thesignalconsistently________55theirattemptstocollectcleanastronomicaldata,promptinganextensiveinvestigationintopotentialtechnicalsources.Aftersystematicallyremovingallthinkablesourcescause,theyfacedaninescapablereality:theinterferencepersisteddespitetheirmostdiligent________56,thisverypersistencepushedthemtoconsidermoreextraordinaryexplanations.Whatbeganasatechnical________57ultimatelyturnedintooneofthemostsignificantcosmologicaldiscoveriesofthemodernera.Thishistoricalepisodeilluminatesacrucialprincipleofscientificmethods:thegenuinevalueof4aninvestigationoftenliesnotinconfirmingexpectedresults,butinhowresearchersrespondtodifferencesbetweentheoryand________58.Whenexperimentaldataconsistentlycontradicttheoreticalpredictions,themostinnovativescientistsperceivenotfailurebutopportunity-an________59toreexaminefundamentalassumptionsandtheoreticalframeworks.Suchmomentsofconflictfrequentlycatalyzescientificbreakthroughs,stimulatingthedevelopmentofmorecomprehensivetheories.Theseinsightscarryprofoundimplicationsforscience________60.teachingapproachesthatemphasizepredeterminedoutcomesandrapidsuccessmayaccidentallyholdbackthedevelopmentofauthenticscientific________61.Amorephilosophicallyinformedmethodologywouldcreatelearningenvironmentsthatnotonlytoleratebutactively________62theproductivefailuresthatnaturallyoccurduringgenuineinvestigation.Byengagingthoughtfullywithunexpectedresults,studentsdevelopthemethodicalunderstandingandintellectual________63essentialforinnovativeresearch.Ultimately,recognizingtheindispensableroleoffailure________64changesourunderstandingofscientificprogressitself.Themostgroundbreakingadvancesfrequentlyemergenotinspiteoffailuresbutbecauseofthe________65tensiontheyreveal.Asophisticatedunderstandingofscientificmethodologythereforerequiresustoregardfailurenotastheendofinquiry,butasa(n)________66andgenerativedimensionofthescientificenterprise.52.A.insteadB.thereforeC.meanwhileD.besides53.A.guidesB.conclusionsC.rewardsD.theories54.A.predictedB.interpretedC.encounteredD.ignored55.A.improvedB.confirmedC.frustratedD.simplified56.A.EspeciallyB.FurthermoreC.NeverthelessD.Moreover57.A.successB.approachC.failureD.achievement58.A.predictionB.observationC.intuitionD.imagination59.A.invitationB.obligationC.limitationD.repetition60.A.policyB.educationC.fundingD.publication61.A.accuracyB.curiosityC.frameD.agreement62.A.avoidB.fearC.embraceD.document63.A.disciplineB.flexibilityC.stabilityD.certainty64.A.temporarilyB.accidentallyC.fundamentallyD.typically565.A.conceptualB.physicalC.emotionalD.creative66.A.optionalB.essentialC.terminalD.symbolicBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(ThefollowingisanexcerptfromRobinsonCrusoe,Chapter1.)Iwasbornintheyear1632,inthecityofofagoodfamily,thoughnotofthatcountry,myfatherbeingaforeignerofBremen,whosettledfirstatHull.Hegotagoodestatebymerchandise,andleavinghistrade,livedafterwardsatfromwhencehehadmarriedmymother.Ihadtwoelderbrothers,oneofwhomwasalieutenant-colonelkilledinbattle.AsIwasthethirdsonandnotbredtoanytrade,myheadbegantobefilledearlywithwanderingthoughts.Myfatherdesignedmeforthelaw,butIwouldbesatisfiedwithnothingbutgoingtosea.Mydesireledmesostronglyagainstthewillofmyfatherandtheappealsofmymotherthatthereseemedtobesomethingunavoidableinthatofnature,tendingdirectlytothelifeofmiserywhichwastohappentome.Myfather,awiseman,gavemeseriouscounsel.Hetoldmeitwasmenofdesperatefortunesorofaspiringoneswhowentabroadonadventures.Thesethingswerealleithertoofarabovemeortoofarbelowme;thatminewasthemiddlestate.Hehadfoundbylongexperiencethatthiswasthebeststateintheworld,themostsuitedtohumanhappiness.Itwasnotexposedtothehardshipsofthelowerclass,norembarrassedwiththeprideoftheupperclass.Hesaidthetragediesoflifeweresharedamongtheupperandlowerpartsofmankind,butthemiddlestationhadthefewestdisasters.Itwascalculatedforallkindsofvirtuesandenjoyments;thatpeaceandplenty,temperance,moderation,andhealthweretheblessingsattendingit.Hepressedmeearnestlynottoplungemyselfintomiseries.closeall,hetoldmeIhadmyelderbrotherforanexample,towhomhehadusedthesamepersuasionstokeephimfromthewars,butcouldnotwin.HetoldmeifIdidtakethisfoolishstep,Godwouldnotblessme.Iobservedthetearsrunningdownhisface.IwassincerelyandIresolvednottothinkofgoingabroadanymore,buttosettleathomeaccordingtomyfather'sdesire.6ButalasAfewdaysworeitallInafewweeksIresolvedtorunaway.Itoldmymotherthatmythoughtswereentirelybentuponseeingtheworld.Iwasnoweighteen.Ibeggedhertopersuademyfathertoletmegoononevoyage,promisingifIcamebackanddidnotlikeit,Iwouldgonomore.67.Whichofthefollowingisthemainconflictinthispassage?A.Astrugglebetweenthenarrator'sdesireandhisfather'swish.B.Afamilydisputeoverthecorrectwaytohonorasonkilledinwar.C.Thenarrator'sinternalstrugglebetweenstudyinglaworbusiness.D.Thechallengesofanimmigrantfatheradaptingtonewsociety.68.Theword“propensity”inparagraph2mostprobablymeans________.A.anaturalpreferenceortendencyB.afoolishandhastydecisionC.acarefullyconsideredplanD.atemporaryandpassinginterest69.Whatwasthefather'smainargumentforthenarratoracceptinga“middlestate”inlife?A.Itthegreatestopportunityforfameandadventure.B.Itwastheeasiestwaytoaccumulateavastfortune.C.Itwasmostlikelytoleadtoalifeofpeaceandhappiness.D.Itwasthesocialclasshewasbornintoandcouldnotescape.70.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutthepassage?A.Thenarrator'sfatherwasborninandmadeafortunebypracticingB.Thenarratorsoughthismother'shelptosupporthisgoalofgoingtosea.C.Thenarratormadeanunconditionalpromisetohisfatherthathewouldn'tgotosea.D.Thenarratorpermanentlygaveuphisvoyagedreamafterseeinghisfather'stears.TheAnnapurnaCircuitwithLakeTheAnnapurnaCircuitwithLakeisacharmingadventurethatshowcasesthebreathtakingbeautyoftheAnnapurnaregioninNepal.ThistrekcombinestherenownedcircuitwithavisittoLake,oneofthehighestlakesintheworld,anadventurethroughstunning7landscapesandculturaltreasures.Amajorhighlightistheclimbto,apurealpineoasissituatedamongtoweringpeaks.Thetrailalsoleadstothesacred,asiteofdeepsignificanceforbothHindusandBuddhists.ThejourneypeaksintheexcitingcrossingofThorongLaPass(5,416meters),thehighestpassintheworld.Alongtheway,trekkersaretreatedtostunningviewsofsnow-cappedpeaks,glaciallakes,anddiverseterrain.Thetrekpresentsamoderatetochallenginglevelofdifficulty.mustpossessgoodphysicalendurancetonavigateruggedterrainfor5to8hoursdaily.Gettingaccustomedtohighaltitudeiscrucialtominimizesickness.Thetrailincludessteepascentsanddescents,andcrossingglacialstreams.Whiletechnicalclimbingskillsarenotrequired,priorhikingexperienceandadequatefitnessarenecessary.Thetrekisbestexperiencedduringeithertheorthe.Bothseasonsfavorableweather,clearskies,andstunningviews.Springfeaturesvibrantrhododendron(杜鵑花)blooms,whileautumnboastsstableweatherandgoldenleaves.Despiteitschallenges,therewardsareimmeasurable.FromthewarmthofNepalesehospitalityinteahousestotheprofoundsenseofachievement,thistrekanunforgettablejourneyofadventureanddiscoveryintheheartoftheHimalayas.opportunitiestocustomizeyourtrip！ConsideraddingaKathmandusightseeingtour,otheradventureactivities,ordaytripsaroundNepalbeforeorafteryourtrek.Feelfreetocontactus.(Pleaseunderstandthatourtravelplanmightneedadjustmentsduetounforeseencircumstanceslikeflightdelays,weatherconditions,ornaturaldisasters.Insuchcases,we'llworkdiligentlytofindthebestalternativesolutionstoensureyouhaveasafeandenjoyabletrek.cooperationandflexibilityarehighlyappreciatedduringthesetimes.)71.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasachallengeofthetrek?A.Crossingglacialstreams.B.Adaptingtohighaltitudes.8C.climbingrequirements.D.Longdailywalkinghours.72.WhatcanbeconcludedabouttheAnnapurnaCircuitwithLakefromthepassage?A.Itisasuitabletrekforpeopleofallfitnesslevels.B.Itfocusesmoreonscenerythanculturalexperiences.C.Itrequiresbothphysicalpreparednessandmentalflexibility.D.Itismostdangerousduringthecoldwinterseasons.73.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.promoteandcelebratetheuniquecultureofNepal.B.attracttouriststojoinatrekintheAnnapurnaregion.C.analyzethegeographyandecosystemsofLake.D.warnaboutthesafetyrisksofhigh-altitudetrekking.Whatisouridealofathoroughlyliberaleducation?Supposeitwerecertainthatthelifeandfortuneofeveryoneofuswoulddependuponwinningorlosingagameofchess.Shouldwenotallconsideritaprimarydutytolearnthegame?shouldlaughatanyonewhogrewupnotknowingapawn(兵)fromaknight.thelifeandhappinessofeveryoneofusdodependuponourknowingsomethingoftherulesofagameinfinitelymorethanchess.Thechess-boardistheworld,thepiecesarethephenomenaoftheuniverse,therulesarethelawsofNature.Theplayerontheothersideishiddenfromus.knowthathisplayisalwaysfair,justandpatient.Butwealsoknow,toourcost,thatheneveroverlooksamistake,ormakesthesmallestallowanceforignorance.themanwhoplayswell,thehigheststakesarepaid.Andonewhoplaysillischeckmated(將死；輸棋)-withouthaste,butwithoutpity.WhatImeanbyEducationislearningtherulesofthismightygame.ItistheinstructionoftheintellectinthelawsofNature,andthefashioningofthewilltomoveinharmonywiththoselaws.Forme,educationmeansneithermorenorlessthanthis.Instrictness,thereisnosuchthingasanuneducatedman.Supposethatanadultmancouldbesuddenlyplacedintheworld,asAdamissaidtohavebeen.Howlongwouldhebeleftuneducated?Notfiveminutes.Naturewouldteachhimthroughtheeye,theear,andthetouch.Painandpleasure9wouldtellhimwhattodoandavoid;andbyslowdegreeshewouldreceiveaneducationwhich,ifnarrow,wouldbethorough,real,andadequatetohiscircumstances.Theknowledgefromexperienceisvaluable,butlimited.Thisiswhereartificialeducationcomesin.Itsobjectistomakeupfornaturaleducation'sdefects,enablingthechildtoinherittheknowledgetheracehasacquired,storedinbooksandtraditions.AndwhatisLiberalEducation?ItisaneducationwhichnotonlytrainsamantoavoidtheevilsfromdisobediencetoNature'slawsbutalsoenableshimtosecuretherewardswhichNaturescatters.Itisaneducationwhichmakesamanaright-thinkingandright-actingbeing,inharmonywiththeuniverse.IfwewanttoknowwhataLiberalEducationis,wemustconsiderwhatamanis.Manisacomplexbeing,consistingofbody,mind,andspirit.Therefore,aLiberalEducationshouldincludephysical,intellectual,andmoraltraining.Itaimstocreateapersonwhocanusehisbody,mind,andspirittothebestadvantage,makinghimausefulmemberofsociety.74.Theauthorintroducesthegameofchessinthefirsttwoparagraphsprimarilyto________.A.illustratethecomplexityandimportanceofunderstandingNature'slawsB.criticizethegeneralpublicfortheirneglectofstrategicthinkingindailylifeC.emphasizethecompetitivenatureofhumanexistenceintheuniverseD.proposethatchessshouldbeincludedasacompulsorycourseinliberaleducation75.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheprimarypurposeofa“l(fā)iberaleducation”?A.integrateanindividual'scompletebeingintothefundamentalorderoftheuniverse.B.achievepersonaladvantagebystrategicallyapplyingnaturallawsforsuccess.C.accumulatetheoreticalknowledgeaboutnaturethroughsystematicstudy.D.defeatnature'schallengesthroughsuperiorunderstandingofitsrule-basedsystems.76.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sviewonthemanplacedintheworldlikeAdam?A.Hisnaturalreasoningpowerallowshimtoskiptheslowprocessofexperientiallearning.B.Hisstruggleshighlightthefundamentalnecessityofsocialandhistoricalknowledge.C.Hewouldachieveacomprehensiveunderstandingofnaturallawsthroughobservation.D.Herepresentsalivingcritiqueoftheunnecessarycomplexityofschooleducation.77.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheLawsofNatureandHumanDestiny10B.TheImportanceofChessinIntellectualC.TheShortcomingsofNaturalEducationD.Education:LearningtheRulesofLife'sGameCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Forexample,buildingsurfacescouldgrowwaterplantstocapturecarbonandproducefood.B.Real-timedatafromsensorswouldthenempowercitizenstomanageresources.C.Itmustbecomeanecologicalsystem,achievingsymbiosiswithnature.D.However,achievingthisrequiresaprofoundshiftinourvaluesandmindset.E.Forinstance,self-drivingcarscouldmakeprivatevehicleownershipunnecessary.AB.Therefore,theprimarygoalshouldbemaximizingtheefficiencyofexistingurbanfacilities.共生的)Theunprecedentedscaleandspeedof21st-centuryurbanizationhaveplacedimmensepressureonglobalecosystemsandsocialstructures,worseningissuessuchasresourceshortage,environmentalpollution,andsystemicinequality.Inresponse,thecityofthefuturecannotbesatisfiedwithsmallupgradesorsuperficialtechnologicalfixes.Itmustundergoafundamentalredefinitionofitsformandfunction.________78.Thisconcept,termedtheSymbioticCity,representsashiftbeyondconventionalsustainabilitywaysofthinking,envisioninganurbanenvironmentwherehumanandnaturalsystemsarenotmerelybalanced,butactivelyenhanceoneanotherthroughcontinuousinteractionandmutualadaptation.Centraltothisvisionisasystematicrestructuringofurbaninfrastructure,changingitfromaresource-intensiveburdenintoaforcethatrenews.Buildings,forinstance,shouldbereimaginednotasstatic(靜止的)energysinksbutasdynamicconnectionsbetweenman-madeandnaturalenvironments.________79.systems,too,mustchangefromsimple“useandthrowaway”modelstocircularwatersystems.Thisincludestheintegratedmanagementofrainwatercollection,recycledwaterfornon-drinkinguses,andgettingnutrientsbackfromwastewatertosupportcityfarming-effectivelyclosingresourceloopsattheneighborhoodandcityscale.technologicalandinfrastructuralinnovationaloneisinsufficient.Thismaterialtransformationmustbeaccompaniedbyaparallelshiftinsocio-economicmodelsandgovernance11structures.Thedigitallayerofthe“smartcity,”oftencriticizedforreinforcingcorporatecontrolorgovernmentmonitoring,couldinsteadbeusedtofosteropenness,civicparticipation,andsharedresourcegovernance.________80Suchopenaccesstoreal-timedataonhowacityusesresourceswouldletcommunitiesworktogethertomanagespread-outenergysystems,improvesharedtransportnetworks,andcheckonlocalenvironmentalhealth-strengtheningsocialcapitalwhilereducingecologicalfootprints.Nevertheless,thetransitiontowardsymbioticurbanismfacesprofoundobstacles.Thescaleofinvestmentrequiredismonumental,andexistinginstitutionalframeworksoftenlacktheinterdisciplinarycoordinationandlong-termvisionneededtoimplementsuchintegratedplanning.________81strongandregenerativecitieswillemergenotonlyfromnewtechnologiesorpolicies,butfromadeeperevolutionincollectivevalues-ashiftfromseekingdominionovernaturetorecognizingthatwearepartofbiosphericsystemsandmustshouldertheresponsibilitytowardfuturegenerations.Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Socratestoenteramodernclassroom,hewouldbeholdstudentsdiligentlyw