Australia’semissionsprojections2025

November2025

DepartmentofClimateChange,Energy,theEnvironmentandWater

1

Australia’semissionsprojections2025

DepartmentofClimateChange,Energy,theEnvironmentandWater

2

?CommonwealthofAustralia2025

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Disclaimer

TheAustralianGovernmentactingthroughtheDepartmentofClimateChange,Energy,theEnvironmentandWaterhasexercisedduecareandskillinpreparingandcompilingtheinformationanddatainthispublication.Notwithstanding,theDepartmentofClimateChange,Energy,theEnvironmentandWater,itsemployeesandadvisersdisclaimallliability,

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Acknowledgements

Imagecredit@CopyrightDepartmentofClimateChange,Energy,theEnvironmentandWater(takenbyYuraBae)

AcknowledgementofCountry

WeacknowledgetheTraditionalOwnersofCountrythroughoutAustraliaandrecognisetheircontinuingconnectiontoland,watersandculture.WepayourrespectstotheirElderspastandpresent.

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Australia’semissionsprojections2025

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Executivesummary

Australia’semissionsprojections2025providesthelatestestimatesofAustralia’sgreenhousegas

emissionsto2040.TheyshowhowAustraliaistrackingagainstitsemissionsreductioncommitmentsbyexaminingthepotentialimpactofcurrentlyimplementedpoliciesandmeasurestoreduce

greenhousegasemissions.

Australia’semissionsreductiontargets

Australiarecentlysetits2035targetundertheParisAgreement.TheAustralianGovernment

acceptedtheClimateChangeAuthority’sadviceundertheClimateChangeAct2022tosetAustralia’s2035targetasacommitmenttoreduceemissionsto62–70%below2005levelsby2035,

implementedasamulti-yearemissionsbudget.Abudgetapproachalignswiththescienceofclimatechange,astheextentofwarmingandotherimpactsdependoncumulativeemissionsovertime,notonemissionsinasingleyear.ThistargetwassubmittedtotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)asAustralia’ssecondnationallydeterminedcontribution(NDC).

Inadditiontothe2035target,Australiahasa2030and2050targetlegislatedintheClimateChangeAct2022.The2030targetisbothasingleyearcommitmenttoreduceemissionsto43%below2005levels,andamulti-yearemissionsbudgetfrom2021to2030.Boththe2030and2035targets

representambitiousandachievablewaypointstowardsAustralia’snetzeroemissionsby2050commitment.

The2025emissionsprojections

The2025emissionsprojectionsshowthatwithcurrentpoliciesAustraliameetsits2030targetonabudgetbasisandiswithinreachofthepoint-in-timetarget.The2025emissionsprojectionsare

preparedtakingaccountofcurrentlyimplementedpolicies,liketheexpandedCapacityInvestmentScheme(CIS)tohelpdeliveronthegovernment’s82%renewableelectricitytarget,theSafeguardMechanism,theAustralianCarbonCreditUnit(ACCU)SchemeandtheNewVehicleEfficiency

Standard(NVES),aswellassomenewannouncementsoverthepastyearincludingthe

commencementoftheCheaperHomeBatteriesprogram,andchangestoenergypolicyinQueensland

.1

TheemissionsprojectionsindicatethatAustralia’semissionswillbe354MtCO2-eor42%below2005levelsby2030.Intermsoftheemissionsbudget,emissionsareprojectedtobe3%belowthe

budget.ThatisAustraliaisexpectedtooverachieveonits2030targetonabudgetbasis.

Intermsoftrackingagainstthe2035target,theemissionsprojectionsindicateAustralia’scumulativeemissionsover2031to2035willbe20–34%abovetheemissionsbudget,thatisAustralianeedstoreduceitsemissionsbyafurther283–429MtCO2-eover2031–35inordertomeetthe2035target.TheClimateChangeAuthority’sadvicetoGovernmentisthatthistargetisachievableandthat“[t]hefoundationalclimatechangepoliciesforachievingthistargetarealsonowinplace”.

1The2025emissionsprojectionsreflectQueenslandenergypolicyasunderstoodatJuly2025.

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Withcurrentlyimplementedpolicies,emissionsareprojectedtobe48%below2005levelsin2035and53%below2005levelsin2040.

TheprojectionsdonotincludenewpoliciesannouncedalongsidetheNetZeroPlanand6sector

plans,orpotentialfuturepolicychanges,forexample,fromreviewsoftheSafeguardMechanism

scheduledfor2026–27,theNVESin2026,andthereviewoftheNationalElectricityMarket(NEM)

wholesalemarketsettingsorfuturepoliciestofurtherthe5decarbonisationprioritiesoutlinedintheNetZeroPlanandflaggedinthe6sectorplans.ThepurposeoftheprojectionsalsodiffersfromthemodellingandanalysisundertakenbytheAustralianTreasurytosupportdevelopmentoftheNet

ZeroPlanand6sectorplans.Thatmodellingexamineddifferentscenariostoprovideinsightsinto

howAustraliacanefficientlyachieveemissionsreductionsovertimeandtheeconomicopportunitiesfromdifferentpathways.Itmadedifferentassumptionsfromtheseprojections,includingglobal

mitigationactionconsistentwithkeepingglobalaveragewarmingwellbelow2°C,andmarketandtechnologytrendsconsistentwiththatglobalaction.

Table1–TrackingtowardsAustralia’s2030targets

Emissionsin2030

%below2005

Cumulativeemissions,2021–2030MtCO2-e

%above/below

emissionsbudget

2030target

349

43%

4,394

Baselinescenario

354

42%

4,258

-3%

Table2–TrackingtowardsAustralia’s2035targets

Cumulativeemissions2031–35MtCO2-e

%above/belowemissionsbudget

2035target

1,248–1,395

Baselinescenario

1,678

20-34%

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Figure1–Trackingagainstthe2030and2035targets,2005to2050,MtCO2-e

Thepolicyfoundationshavebeenlaidtoachievethe2030targetbutmoreactionisneededto2050

The2025emissionsprojectionsshowthatwithcurrentlyimplementedgovernmentpolicies,

Australiacouldachievethe2030targetinbudgettermsandbeclosetoachievingthe2030point-in-timetarget.ItalsoshowsthatmoreeffortisneededtoachieveAustralia’s2035target,whichreflectsAustralia’sobligationundertheParisAgreementfortargetstorepresenteachcountry’shighest

possibleambitionandAustralia’scontributiontothegoalsoftheAgreement.

TheNetZeroPlanand6sectorplanssetoutthepolicyfoundationsthathavebeenlaidtosupportfurtheremissionsreductionsthroughtheset-do-review-refineframework.ThisincludesrefinementofexistingmeasuresliketheupcomingstatutoryreviewsoftheSafeguardMechanismandNVEStoensuretheirsettingsareappropriatelycalibratedtothemeetthe2035targetandthereviewoftheNationalElectricityMarketwholesalemarketsettings.Theseemissionsprojectionsareanimportantpartofthatframeworkallowingustotrackprogressandcontinuetorefinepoliciesovertime,

includinginresponsetochanginginternationalanddomesticdynamics.

Actualemissionsoutcomesdependonarangeoffactorsincludingthescaleandpaceofglobal

action,technologydevelopmentandimplementationofpolicies,bothexistingandnew.The

emissionsprojectionsassumepolicieswillbeimplementedasannouncedanddonotattemptto

forecasttheimpactofpotentialfrictionstothesuccessfuldeliveryofpolicies.Nordotheyforecasteventsthatmayprovidewindfallimprovementsintheemissionsoutlook,forexamplewhere

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technologydeploymentisfasterthanexpected,greaterglobalactionorunforeseenglobalevents.

Moreinformationonfactorsthatinfluencetheemissionsoutcomesaresetoutinthestatementofuncertainty.

Thebaselinescenario

Thebaselinescenarioofthe2025emissionsprojectionsincludesfederalandstateandterritory

policieswhichhavebeenimplemented.Newannouncementsincorporatedsincethe2024emissionsprojectionsinclude:

?thefurtherexpansionoftheCISfrom32GWto40GWannouncedinJuly2025.TheCISwillhelpdeliveronthegovernment’stargettoachieve82%renewableon-gridgeneration

nationallyby2030

?theCheaperHomeBatteriesProgramwhichcommencedon1July2025

?announcedprojectsunderthePoweringtheRegionsFund

?changestoenergypolicyinQueenslandincludingtherepealofthestate’srenewableenergytargetsfor2030,2032and2035;andnolongerincludingthepreviousQueensland

government’sQueenslandEnergyandJobsPlanandassociatedearlycoalclosureschedule

?measuresannouncedlastyearaspartofthegovernment’sFutureMadeinAustraliaagendaincludingHydrogenHeadstart,theHydrogenProductionTaxIncentiveandtheCritical

MineralsProductionTaxIncentive,thatwerepreviouslyincludedinthe2024projections‘withadditionalmeasures’scenario,arenowalsoincludedinthebaselinescenario.

ThesepoliciesareinadditiontotheSafeguardMechanism,theACCUScheme,theNVESand

measurestohelpmeettheAustralianGovernment’stargetof82%renewablegenerationongridby2030,liketheexpandedCIS,RewiringtheNationandRenewableEnergyTransformationAgreements.

The2025emissionsprojectionsdonotincludenewpoliciesannouncedwiththe2035targetincluding:

?anew$5billionNetZeroFundintheNationalReconstructionFund,tohelpindustrial

facilitiesdecarboniseandscaleupmorerenewablesandlowemissionsmanufacturing

?$1.1billiontoencouragemoreproductionanduseofLowcarbonliquidfuelshereinAustralia

?$40milliontoacceleratetherolloutofkerbsideandfastelectricvehicle(EV)chargingacrossoursuburbsandregions

?$85millionforframeworksandtoolstohelphouseholdsandbusinessesunderstandandimprovetheirenergyperformance

?upto$2billionfortheCleanEnergyFinanceCorporation

?policiestofurtherthe5decarbonisationprioritiesoutlinedintheNetZeroPlanandflaggedinthe6sectorplans.

Anumberofpre-existingpoliciesarealsonotincluded,suchassupporttoacceleratethe

developmentofAustralia’sgreenmetalsindustry,includingthegreenironinvestmentfundandthegreenaluminiumproductioncredit,projectsfundedundertheFutureMadeinAustraliaInnovationFundandnewgovernmentpurchasesofACCUsunderthePoweringtheRegionsFund.

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Thesehavenotbeenincludedinthe2025emissionsprojectionsastheirimpactisdependentonfurtherpolicydesign,consultationorinvestmentdecisionsyettobemade.

TheemissionsprojectionsincludestateandterritorypoliciesasatJuly2025

.2

Statesandterritoriesarealsocontinuingtoupdateandrefinetheirpoliciesovertimetomeettheirownrelevant2030,2035andnetzerotargets.

Sectoraltrends

From2025to2040,greenhousegasemissionsareprojectedtodeclineinalmostallsectorsdrivenbyfederalandstateandterritorypolicies.

Intheelectricitysector,emissionsareprojectedtodeclinebymorethan60%between2025and2030.ThisisdrivenbystateandterritoryrenewabletargetsandplansaswellastheAustralian

Government’stargettoachieve82%ongridrenewablegenerationnationallyby2030.ThetargetissupportedbytheexpandedCIS,whichwasexpandedfrom32GWto40GWinJuly2025,newandupgradedgridinfrastructurethroughRewiringtheNation,RenewableEnergyTransformation

AgreementsandtheCheaperHomeBatteriesprogram.

After2030,electricitysectoremissionsareprojectedtodeclineto2040albeitatamuchslowerrate.State/territorypolicies,includingVictoria’s2035renewableenergytargetandtheexitofcoalpowerstationsinVictoria,NSWandQueenslandcontributetoemissionsreductions.Howeveremission

reductionsslowasincreasingelectricitydemandfromelectrificationanddatacentresisbeingmetbyacombinationofcoal,gas,andrenewablegeneration.

Inthetransportsector,emissionshavebeensteadilygrowingsince1990withtheexceptionofthe3yearsover2020to2022whenCOVID-19relatedrestrictionslimitedtransportactivity.Transport

emissionsareprojectedtodecreaseinlargepartduetotheprojectedimpactsoftheNVESwhich

commencedon1January2025.Transportemissionsareprojectedtocontinuetodeclinethroughto2040asmoreefficientvehiclesaresoldandlessefficientvehiclesareretired.

Emissionsinthestationaryenergyandfugitivessectorsareprojectedtoincreaseintheshort-termto2027beforedeclining.Thisfollowstemporaryoutagesatanumberofgassycoalminesandthe

rampupofnewandreturningliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)capacity.ThisincreaseinstationaryenergyandfugitiveemissionsispartiallyoffsetbyabatementactivitiesatSafeguardfacilitiesincentivisedbytheSafeguardMechanismlikeefficiencyimprovements,fuelswitchingandprocesschanges.

AbatementincentivisedbytheSafeguardMechanismalsoreducesemissionsintheindustrial

processesandproductuse(IPPU)sector.Greaterlevelsoftechnologydeploymentareprojectedtocontinuethroughto2040asSafeguardbaselinesdeclinetozeroby2050.

Agricultureandwasteemissionsareprojectedtoremainlargelyflatfrom2025to2040.Emissionsintheagriculturesectorareheavilyinfluencedbyseasonalconditionsandtheprojectionsassume

oscillationsbetweenwetanddryclimatedriversovertheshorttomedium-term.Agricultureemissionsareprojectedtoincreasemarginallybetween2025and2040.

2The2025emissionsprojectionsreflectQueenslandenergypolicyasunderstoodatJuly2025.ThisincludescoalclosuresinQueenslandbasedontechnicallife,withtheexceptionofGladstonePowerstation.Theprojectionsdonotincludethe

previouspolicyofrenewableenergytargetsfor2030,2032and2035.

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Thewastesectoremissionsareprojectedtodeclinemarginallyto2030andto2040.Recycling,

resourcerecovery,methanecaptureandtheintroductionoffoodorganicandgardenorganic(FOGO)wastebinshavehelpedtoslowlyreduceemissionsfromwastedespitetheimpactofagrowing

populationonthevolumeofwastedisposal.

Thelanduse,landusechangeandforestry(LULUCF)sectorisprojectedtoremainanetsinkin

2030.Thatis,morecarbonisprojectedtobesequesteredthanemittedfromthissectoreachyear.Thenetsinkisexpectedtocontinuetomoderatefromapeakof-90MtCO2-ein2021to

-52MtCO2-ein2030.The2021peakresultedfromhighrainfallLaNi?aconditions,increasingforestgrowthandbuildingsoilcarbonincroplandandgrasslands.Thisisexpectedtobeatemporary

situationwithconditionsassumedtoreturntoseasonalaverages.EmissionsareprojectedtoremainanetsinkwithLULUCFemissionsprojectedtobe-50MtCO2-ein2035and-53MtCO2-ein2040,inpartduetosequestrationactivitiesincentivisedbytheACCUscheme.

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EmissionsSectors

Total

emissions

2025

emissions

437MtCO2-e

Changefrom2025to2030

-84MtCO2-e

-19%

Changefrom2030to2035

-32MtCO2-e

-9%

Electricity

148MtCO2-e

-92MtCO2-e

-9MtCO2-e

-63%

-16%

StationaryEnergy,

Fugitive,Industrial

Processesand

ProductUse

171MtCO2-e

-6MtCO2-e

-16MtCO2-e

-4%

-10%

Transport

99MtCO2-e

-6MtCO2-e

-9MtCO2-e

-6%

-10%

Agricultureand

Waste

94MtCO2-e

-1MtCO2-e

0MtCO2-e

1%

0%

+4%

+30%

+22MtCO2-e+2MtCO2-e

Landuse,land

usechangeand

forestry

-74MtCO2-e

Figure2–Changeinemissionsbysectororgroupedsectors,from2025to2030and2030to2035,MtCO2-eand

percentagechange(%).Whiletherearesomechangesinemissionsfromtheagricultureandwastesectorsthenetimpactislessthan1MtCO2-e.

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Contents

Executivesummary 3

Australia’semissionsreductiontargets 3

The2025emissionsprojections 3

Thepolicyfoundationshavebeenlaidtoachievethe2030targetbutmoreactionisneededto

2050 5

Thebaselinescenario 6

Sectoraltrends 7

Overviewoftheemissionprojectionsresults 14

Crosscuttingpolicies 26

TheSafeguardMechanism 26

TheAustralianCarbonCreditUnitScheme 34

Sectoraltrends 36

Electricity 37

Stationaryenergy 45

Transport 51

Fugitiveemissionsfromfuels 56

Industrialprocessesandproductuse 63

Agriculture 67

Waste 72

Landuse,land-usechangeandforestry 76

Emissionsprojectionsbygas 80

Emissionsprojectionsbyeconomicsector 84

EmissionsprojectionsbysectorclassificationusedintheNetZeroPlan 90

AppendixA:Methodologysummary 93

AppendixB:Considerationofpolicies 98

AppendixC:Emissionsprojectionsbyyear 100

AppendixD:ProjectedemissionsfactorsforAustralia’selectricitygrid 101

AppendixE:OverviewofSafeguardMechanismtargetsandprogress 103

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Tables

Table1–TrackingtowardsAustralia’s2030targets 4

Table2–TrackingtowardsAustralia’s2035targets 4

Table3–TrackingtowardsAustralia’s2030targets 15

Table4–TrackingtowardsAustralia’s2035targets 16

Table5–Emissionsprojectionsto2040,bysector,MtCO2-e 17

Table6–Comparisonbetween2024and2025projectionsofemissionsin2030,bysector,

MtCO2-e 24

Table7–Comparisonbetween2024and2025projectionsofemissionsin2035,bysector,

MtCO2-e 25

Table8–On-siteemissionsreductionsbyIPCCsector,MtCO2-e 28

Table9–Safeguardemissions,on-siteemissionreductionsandnetdemandforunits,MtCO2-e 32

Table10–Sectorcoverage 36

Table11–Renewableenergytargetsincludedandassumedtobemetintheprojections,% 39

Table12–InstalledcapacitybytechnologyinAustralia,GW 43

Table13–Renewableshareofelectricitygeneration,% 44

Table14–Electricityemissions,MtCO2-e 44

Table15–Stationaryenergyemissions,MtCO2-e 45

Table16–Manufacturingemissions,MtCO2-e 46

Table17–Energyemissions,MtCO2-e 47

Table18–Buildingemissions,MtCO2-e 48

Table19–Miningemissions,MtCO2-e 49

Table20–Transportemissions,MtCO2-e 52

Table21–Projectedlightdutyvehicleactivityandaverageemissionsintensities 53

Table22–Fugitiveemissions,MtCO2-e 56

Table23–Run-of-minecoalproductioninAustralia,milliontonnes 58

Table24–LNG-relatedemissions 62

Table25–Productionprocessesintheindustrialprocessesandproductusesector 63

Table26–Industrialprocessesandproductuseemissions,MtCO2-e 64

Table27–Agricultureemissions,MtCO2-e 67

Table28–Wasteemissions,MtCO2e 72

Table29–LULUCFemissions,MtCO2e 77

Table30–Emissionsprojectionsbygas,MtCO2-e 81

Table31–Carbondioxide(CO2)emissionsprojectionsbysector,MtCO2-e 81

Table32–Methane(CH4)emissionsprojectionsbysector,MtCO2-e 81

Table33–Nitrousoxide(N2O)emissionsprojectionsbysector,MtCO2-e 82

Table34–Emissionsprojectionsbyeconomicsector,MtCO2-e 85

Table35–Projectedon-siteemissionsreductionsunderSafeguardMechanismbyeconomicsector,

MtCO2-e 87

Table36–Indirectemissionsfromtheconsumptionofelectricitybyeconomicsector,MtCO2-e 88

Table37–EmissionsprojectionsbysectorclassificationusedintheNetZeroPlan,MtCO2-e 91

Table38–Emissionsbudgettrajectoryforthe2030targetcomparedtotheprojections,MtCO2-e 94

Table39–Emissionsbudgettrajectoryforthe2035targetcomparedtotheprojections,MtCO2-e 95

Table40–Keypoliciesintheemissionsprojections 98

Table41–Australia’semissionsprojections,MtCO2-e,percentagechangeon2005and2025 100

Table42–Indirectscope2emissionsfactors,tonnesCO2-eperMWh 101

Table43–Indirectscope2and3combinedemissionsfactors,tonnesCO2-eperMWh 102

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Table44–NetemissionsSafeguard2030targetandprogresstarget,MtCO2-e 103

Table45–2021-30netemissionsSafeguardbudgettargetandprogress,MtCO2-e 103

Table46–Grossemissions5-yearrollingaverage,MtCO2-e 104

Figures

Figure1–Trackingagainstthe2030and2035targets,2005to2050,MtCO2-e 5

Figure2–Changeinemissionsbysectororgroupedsectors,from2025to2030and2030to2035,

MtCO2-eandpercentagechange(%) 9

Figure3–Trackingagainstthe2030emissionsbudgettarget,MtCO2-e 16

Figure4–Trackingagainstthe2035emissionsbudgettarget,MtCO2-e 17

Figure5–Australia’semissionsprojections,1990to2040,MtCO2-e 18

Figure6–Australia'semissionsprojections,bysector,1990to2040,MtCO2-e 18

Figure7–Changeinemissionsprojectionsfrom2025to2030bysector,MtCO2-e 20

Figure8–Changeinemissionsprojectionsfrom2030to2035bysector,MtCO2-e 21

Figure9–Australia’sprojectedemissionspercapitaandtheprojectedemissionsintensityofthe

economy,2005to2040 23

Figure10–AggregateSafeguardfacilitiesemissions,2017to2040,MtCO2-e 27

Figure11–On-siteemissionsreductionbyIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)sector,

2026to2040,MtCO2-e 29

Figure12–ChangeinfueluseacrossSafeguardfacilitiesduetoon-siteabatementaction,2026to

2040,PJ 30

Figure13–ProjectedSMCgeneration,2026to2040,millionSMCs 31

Figure14–ReferenceSafeguardemissions,grossemissions,on-siteemissionsreductionsandnet

demandforunits,2026to2040,MtCO2-e 32

Figure15–ProjectedACCUissuance,demandandunitholdings,2025to2040,millionunits 35

Figure16–Electricityemissions,1990to2040,MtCO2-e 38

Figure17–ElectricitygenerationmixinAustralia,byfuel,2025to2040,TWh 41

Figure18–Stationaryenergyemissions,1990to2040,MtCO2-e 46

Figure19–Energysub-sectoremissions,1990to2040,MtCO2-e 48

Figure20–Transportemissions,1990to2040,MtCO2-e 52

Figure21–Assumedaverageemissionsintensityfornewlightvehicles,2026to2040,

gramsCO2-eperkm 54

Figure22–Fugitiveemissions,1990to2040,MtCO2-e 57

Figure23–Historicalandprojectedrun-of-minecoalproductioninAustralia,1990to2040,

Mtcoal 59

Figure24–Industrialprocessesandproductuseemissions,1990to2040,MtCO2-e 64

Figure25–Agricultureemissions,1990to2040,MtCO2-e 68

Figure26–Livestockemissionsin2030,commoditycategories,% 69

Figure27–Wasteemissions,1990to2040,MtCO2-e 73

Figure28–Non-inertwastedepositedatlandfills,bystream,2025to2040,Mt 74

Figure29–Non-inertwastedepositedatlandfillsin2025,bycommodity,% 75

Figure30–EmissionsandremovalsfromLULUCF,1990to2040,MtCO?-e 77

Figure31–Australia’semissionsprojectionsbygas,2030,MtCO2-e 83

Figure32–Emissionsprojectionsbyeconomicsector,2025to2040,MtCO2-e 85

Figure33–Australia’semissionsprojectionsbyeconomicsector,2030,MtCO2-e 86

Figure34–Projectedon-siteemissionsreductionsunderSafeguardMechanismbyeconomicsector,

2026to2040,MtCO2-e 87

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Figure35–Emissionsfromtheconsumptionofelectricitybyeconomicsector,2025to2040,

MtCO2-e 89

Figure36–EmissionsprojectionsbysectorclassificationusedintheNetZeroPlan,2025to2040,

MtCO2-e 91

Figure37–Australia’semissionsprojectionsbysectorclassificationusedintheNetZeroPlan,2030,

MtCO2-e 92

Figure38–Trackingagainstthe2030emissionsreductiontargettrajectory,2020to2030,

MtCO2-e 94

Figure39–Trackingagainstthe2035emissionsreductiontargettrajectory,2030to2035,

MtCO2-e 95

Maps

Map1–LNGprojectsinAustraliain2025 61

Boxes

Box1–SafeguardMechanism-Baselines 26

Box2–LNG-relatedemissionsinthebaselinescenario 62

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Overviewoftheemissionprojectionsresults

Introduction

TheannualemissionsprojectionsprovideestimatesofAustralia’sgreenhousegasemissionsto2040.TheyindicatehowAustraliai