3/7知識(shí)清單02必修第二冊(cè)單元詞匯短語(yǔ)句型梳理清單清單01詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(變出精彩，舉一反三)Unit1Nature1.nature（n.自然；天性）→natural（adj.自然的；天生的）2.protect（v.保護(hù)）→protection（n.保護(hù)）3.exist（v.存在；生存）→existence（n.存在；實(shí)有）4.vary（v.變化；多樣）→various（adj.各種各樣的）5.pollute（v.污染）→pollution（n.污染）6.survive（v.幸存；存活）→survival（n.幸存；生存）7.harm（v./n.傷害；損害）→harmful（adj.有害的）8.explore（v.探索；考察）→exploration（n.探索；探險(xiǎn)）9.adapt（v.適應(yīng)；改編）→adaptation（n.適應(yīng)；改編本）10.balance（v./n.平衡；使平衡）→balanced（adj.平衡的）Unit2Animals1.adapt（v.適應(yīng)；改編）→adaptation（n.適應(yīng)；改編本）→adaptive（adj.適應(yīng)性的）2.survive（v.生存；幸存）→survival（n.生存；幸存）→survivor（n.幸存者）3.danger（n.危險(xiǎn)）→dangerous（adj.危險(xiǎn)的）→endangered（adj.瀕危的）4.vary（v.變化；改變）→variety（n.種類；多樣性）→various（adj.各種各樣的）5.protect（v.保護(hù)）→protection（n.保護(hù)）→protective（adj.保護(hù)的）6.harm（v./n.傷害；損害）→harmful（adj.有害的）→harmless（adj.無(wú)害的）7.strong（adj.強(qiáng)壯的）→strength（n.力量；優(yōu)勢(shì)）→strengthen（v.加強(qiáng)；鞏固）8.exist（v.存在）→existence（n.存在）→existing（adj.現(xiàn)存的）9.observe（v.觀察；遵守）→observation（n.觀察；觀測(cè)）→observer（n.觀察者）10.rare（adj.稀有的；罕見的）→rarity（n.稀有；珍品）→rarely（adv.很少；難得）清單清單02識(shí)詞知意(厚積薄發(fā)，熟能生巧)Unit1Nature1.protect（v.保護(hù)；防衛(wèi)）：protect...from/against（保護(hù)……免受……傷害）、protecttheenvironment（保護(hù)環(huán)境）2.exist（v.存在；生存）：existin（存在于……中）、existon（靠……生存）3.survive（v.幸存；存活；挺過(guò)）：survivethedisaster（從災(zāi)難中幸存）、surviveonlittlefood（靠少量食物存活）4.harm（v./n.傷害；損害）：doharmto（對(duì)……造成傷害）、beharmfulto（對(duì)……有害）5.preserve（v.保護(hù)；保存；維持）：preservenature（保護(hù)自然）、preservetheecosystem（維護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）6.adapt（v.適應(yīng)；改編）：adaptto（適應(yīng)……）、adaptoneselfto（使自己適應(yīng)……）7.balance（v./n.平衡；使平衡）：keepabalance（保持平衡）、balanceworkandrest（平衡工作與休息）8.explore（v.探索；考察；探究）：explorethewilderness（探索荒野）、explorethecauses（探究原因）9.destroy（v.破壞；摧毀）：destroythehabitat（破壞棲息地）、bedestroyedbyhumanactivities（被人類活動(dòng)摧毀）10.recover（v.恢復(fù)；康復(fù)；找回）：recoverfromdamage（從破壞中恢復(fù)）、recoverthelostspecies（找回瀕危物種）Unit2Animals1.habitat（n.棲息地）：搭配——destroythehabitat（破壞棲息地）、protectanimals'habitat（保護(hù)動(dòng)物棲息地）2.breed（v.繁殖；養(yǎng)育；n.品種）：搭配——breedrapidly（快速繁殖）、ararebreedofdog（稀有犬種）3.hunt（v.狩獵；搜尋）：搭配——huntforprey（捕獵獵物）、banhunting（禁止狩獵）4.threat（n.威脅）：搭配——poseathreatto（對(duì)……構(gòu)成威脅）、faceaseriousthreat（面臨嚴(yán)重威脅）5.reserve（n.自然保護(hù)區(qū)；儲(chǔ)備；v.保留；儲(chǔ)備）：搭配——wildlifereserve（野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)）、reserveresources（儲(chǔ)備資源）6.evolve（v.進(jìn)化；演變）：搭配——evolvefrom（由……進(jìn)化而來(lái)）、evolveovertime（隨著時(shí)間演變）7.extinction（n.滅絕）：搭配——dieoutextinction（滅絕）、preventtheextinctionofspecies（防止物種滅絕）8.migrate（v.遷徙；遷移）：搭配——migratetothesouth（向南方遷徙）、annualmigration（年度遷徙）9.feed（v.喂養(yǎng)；進(jìn)食；n.飼料）：搭配——feedon（以……為食）、feedtheanimals（喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物）10.advocate（v.倡導(dǎo)；主張；n.倡導(dǎo)者）：搭配——advocateanimalprotection（倡導(dǎo)動(dòng)物保護(hù)）、anadvocateofwildlifeconservation（野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)倡導(dǎo)者）清單清單03高頻短語(yǔ)(積少成多，活學(xué)活用)Unit1Nature1.dieout（滅絕；逐漸消失）2.indangerof（處于……的危險(xiǎn)中）3.takemeasurestodosth.（采取措施做某事）4.cutdown（砍伐；削減）5.inharmonywith（與……和諧相處）6.onearth（究竟；到底；在地球上）7.contributeto（促成；有助于；為……做貢獻(xiàn)）8.atrisk（處于危險(xiǎn)中）9.relyon（依靠；依賴）10.comeintobeing（形成；產(chǎn)生）Unit2Animals1.dieout：滅絕；逐漸消失2.indangerof：處于……的危險(xiǎn)中3.takemeasurestodosth.：采取措施做某事4.adaptto：適應(yīng)5.inharmonywith：與……和諧相處6.onthevergeof：處于……的邊緣7.carefor：照顧；關(guān)心；喜歡8.beawareof：意識(shí)到；知道9.playarolein：在……中發(fā)揮作用10.contributeto：有助于；促成清單清單04高頻句型(精彩句型，句句精彩)Unit1Nature1.Itis+形容詞+that...（……是……的），it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)真正主語(yǔ)從句例句：Itisurgentthatwetakeimmediatemeasurestoprotecttheendangeredanimals.（我們急需采取緊急措施保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物。）2.Themore...,themore...（越……，越……），前后均為比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)例句：Themoreweprotectnature,themoreharmoniousourlivingenvironmentwillbe.（我們?cè)奖Ｗo(hù)自然，生活環(huán)境就會(huì)越和諧。）3.Thereisnodoubtthat...（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……），that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句例句：Thereisnodoubtthathumanactivitieshaveagreatimpactonthenaturalecosystem.（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，人類活動(dòng)對(duì)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有著巨大影響。）4.Notonly...butalso...（不僅……而且……），連接并列成分，遵循“就近原則”例句：Notonlydoesdeforestationdestroyanimals'habitats,butalsoitcausessoilerosion.（砍伐森林不僅會(huì)破壞動(dòng)物的棲息地，還會(huì)導(dǎo)致水土流失。）5.Itishightimethat...（到了該……的時(shí)候了），從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（謂語(yǔ)用shoulddo或過(guò)去式）例句：Itishightimethatwepaidattentiontoenvironmentalpollutionandtookactiontosolveit.（到了我們關(guān)注環(huán)境污染并采取行動(dòng)解決它的時(shí)候了。）Unit2AnimalsItisestimatedthat...（據(jù)估計(jì)……）Itisestimatedthatmorethan100speciesdieouteverydayduetohumanactivities.Thereasonwhy...isthat...（……的原因是……）Thereasonwhymanyanimalsareendangeredisthattheirhabitatsarebeingdestroyed.Notonly...butalso...（不僅……而且……）Notonlydoanimalsmaintainthebalanceoftheecosystem,buttheyalsobringjoytohumanlife.With+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）Withthenumberofpandasincreasinggradually,peoplearemoreconfidentabouttheirsurvival.Itishightimethat...（該是……的時(shí)候了，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）Itishightimethatwetookimmediateactiontoprotectendangeredanimals.清單清單05單元寫作(通用表達(dá)，范文背誦)Unit1Nature核心通用詞匯1.自然相關(guān)名詞?nature（自然）、ecosystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）、biodiversity（生物多樣性）、wildlife（野生動(dòng)物）、species（物種）、habitat（棲息地）、environment（環(huán)境）、resource（資源）、forest（森林）、river（河流）、mountain（山脈）、desert（沙漠）、climate（氣候）、pollution（污染）、conservation（保護(hù)）、sustainability（可持續(xù)性）2.動(dòng)作類詞匯?protect（保護(hù)）、preserve（維護(hù)，留存）、conserve（節(jié)約，保護(hù)）、defend（守護(hù)）、prevent（預(yù)防）、reduce（減少）、relieve（緩解）、restore（恢復(fù)）、damage（破壞）、destroy（摧毀）、pollute（污染）、threaten（威脅）、exist（存在）、survive（生存）、adapt（適應(yīng)）、contribute（貢獻(xiàn)）、participate（參與）3.形容詞/副詞?natural（自然的）、ecological（生態(tài)的）、environmental（環(huán)境的）、rare（珍稀的）、endangered（瀕危的）、valuable（寶貴的）、vital（至關(guān)重要的）、urgent（緊急的）、severe（嚴(yán)重的）、gradually（逐漸地）、effectively（有效地）、actively（積極地）、jointly（共同地）高頻通用句式1.引出主題句?Asweallknow,natureisthefoundationofhumansurvivalanddevelopment,soprotectingitisourunshakableresponsibility.?Withtherapiddevelopmentofsociety,theecologicalenvironmentisfacingincreasinglyseverechallenges,whichhasarousedwidespreadconcern.?Natureprovidesuswithabundantresourcesandacomfortablelivingenvironment,soweshouldcherishandrespectit.?Theimportanceofprotectingbiodiversitycannotbeoveremphasized,foritiscloselyrelatedtothebalanceoftheecosystem.2.描述問(wèn)題/現(xiàn)象句?Inrecentyears,alargenumberofforestshavebeencutdown,leadingtothelossofwildlifehabitats.?Manyspeciesareonthevergeofextinctionduetoenvironmentalpollutionandoverdevelopment.?Theexcessiveuseofnaturalresourceshascausedseriousdamagetotheecologicalbalance.?Airandwaterpollutionnotonlyaffectsthesurvivalofanimalsandplantsbutalsoposesagreatthreattohumanhealth.3.提出措施/建議句?Weshouldstrengthenenvironmentalprotectionawarenessandleteveryonerealizetheimportanceofprotectingnature.?Thegovernmentshouldformulateandimplementstricterenvironmentalprotectionlawsandregulationstorestrictdestructivebehaviors.?Wecantakesmallactionsindailylife,suchassavingwaterandelectricity,reducingtheuseofplasticproducts,andplantingmoretrees.?Itisnecessarytocarryoutenvironmentaleducationinschoolstocultivatestudents'senseofresponsibilityforprotectingnature.?Weshouldadvocatesustainabledevelopmentandbalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.4.表達(dá)意義/展望句?Protectingnatureisnotonlyforthepresentbutalsoforthefutureofourdescendants.?Onlybylivinginharmonywithnaturecanweachievelong-termandstabledevelopmentofhumansociety.?Ifwecantakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment,wewillsurelyseeagreenerandmorebeautifulworld.?Everyeffortwemakefornaturewillcontributetotheimprovementoftheecologicalenvironmentandtheprosperityofbiodiversity.范文（背誦版）LiveinHarmonywithNatureNatureisthemotherofalllifeonearth,providinguswithfreshair,cleanwater,andabundantresources.Itisthefoundationofhumansurvivalanddevelopment,andmaintainingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureiscrucialforourfuture.However,withtheaccelerationofindustrializationandurbanization,humanactivitieshavecausedseriousdamagetonature.Alargenumberofforestsarebeingcutdown,resultinginsoilerosionandthelossofwildlifehabitats.Manyrarespeciesarefacingthedangerofextinctionduetoenvironmentalpollutionandoverhunting.Atthesametime,theexcessiveemissionofwastegasandwastewaterhasledtoairandwaterpollution,whichnotonlyaffectstheecologicalbalancebutalsoendangershumanhealth.Facedwiththesesevereenvironmentalproblems,wemusttakeimmediateactiontoprotectnature.Firstofall,weshouldstrengthenenvironmentalprotectionawareness.Throughpublicityandeducation,everyoneshouldrealizethatprotectingnatureisourcommonresponsibility.Secondly,thegovernmentshouldformulateandenforcestricterenvironmentallawsandpoliciestopunishdestructivebehaviors.Inaddition,wecanstartfromsmallthingsindailylife:savingeverydropofwater,turningoffthelightswhenleavingtheroom,reducingtheuseofdisposableproducts,andparticipatingintree-plantingactivities.Thesesmallactionscanaccumulateintogreatpowertoprotecttheenvironment.Protectingnatureisnotonlyforourselvesbutalsoforourchildrenandgrandchildren.Onlywhenwerespectnature,protectnature,andliveinharmonywithnaturecanwecreateagreener,healthier,andmoresustainableworld.Let'stakeactionnowandmakeourcontributionstoprotectingthebeautifulhomeweshare.Unit2Animals核心通用詞匯1.動(dòng)物相關(guān)名詞?wildlife（野生動(dòng)物）、species（物種）、creature（生物）、habitat（棲息地）、breed（品種）、prey（獵物）、predator（捕食者）、extinction（滅絕）、reserve（自然保護(hù)區(qū)）、migration（遷徙）、fur（皮毛）、claw（爪子）、feather（羽毛）、tail（尾巴）、bone（骨骼）2.動(dòng)作類詞匯?protect（保護(hù)）、preserve（維護(hù)）、conserve（節(jié)約；保護(hù)）、rescue（拯救）、hunt（狩獵）、breed（繁殖）、migrate（遷徙）、survive（生存）、adapt（適應(yīng)）、evolve（進(jìn)化）、threaten（威脅）、destroy（摧毀）、endanger（使瀕危）、feed（喂養(yǎng)；進(jìn)食）、advocate（倡導(dǎo)）3.形容詞/副詞?endangered（瀕危的）、rare（稀有的）、wild（野生的）、ferocious（兇猛的）、gentle（溫順的）、valuable（寶貴的）、vital（至關(guān)重要的）、urgent（緊急的）、gradually（逐漸地）、effectively（有效地）、severely（嚴(yán)重地）、jointly（共同地）高頻通用句式1.引出主題句?Asanimportantpartoftheecosystem,animalsplayavitalroleinmaintainingecologicalbalance.?Withthecontinuousdestructionoftheenvironment,moreandmorewildanimalsarefacingthedangerofextinction.?Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatprotectingwildanimalsisnotonlytheresponsibilityofindividualsbutalsotheobligationofthewholesociety.?Thesurvivalofwildanimalsiscloselyrelatedtohumanbeings'livingenvironment,sowemustattachgreatimportancetotheirprotection.2.描述現(xiàn)狀/問(wèn)題句?Duetoexcessivehuntingandhabitatdestruction,manyrarespeciesareonthevergeofextinction.?Thenumberofsomewildanimalshasdecreasedsharplyinrecentyears,whichhasarousedwidespreadconcernofthepublic.?Illegalhuntingandtradingofwildanimalshavecausedseriousdamagetobiodiversity.?Thelossofhabitatsduetodeforestationandurbanizationhasmadeitdifficultformanyanimalstosurvive.3.提出措施/建議句?Weshouldstrengthenthepublicityofanimalprotectiontoimprovepeople'sawarenessofcaringforwildanimals.?Thegovernmentshouldformulateandenforcestricterlawstobanillegalhuntingandtradingofwildanimals.?Wecansupportanimalprotectionorganizationsbydonatingmoneyorvolunteeringtoparticipateinrescuework.?Itisnecessarytoestablishmorewildlifereservestoprovideasafelivingenvironmentforwildanimals.?Weshouldreduceenvironmentalpollutionandavoiddestroyingthenaturalhabitatsofwildanimals.4.表達(dá)意義/展望句?Protectingwildanimalsistoprotecthumanbeingsthemselves,forwesharethesameplanet.?Onlybyprotectingeveryspeciescanwemaintainthediversityofnatureandensurethesustainabledevelopmentoftheecosystem.?Ifwecantakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectwildanimals,wewillsurelyseeaworldwherehumansandanimalsliveinharmony.?Everyeffortwemakeforwildanimalprotectionwillcontributetoabetterecologicalenvironmentforfuturegenerations.范文（背誦版）ProtectWildAnimals,GuardOurCommonHomeWildanimalsareanindispensablepartofthenaturalworldandimportantpartnersofhumanbeings.Theynotonlyaddvitalitytonaturebutalsoplayanirreplaceableroleinmaintainingthebalanceoftheecosystem.However,thesurvivalofwildanimalsisfacingunprecedentedchallengesnowadays.Inrecentyears,duetotherapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,alargenumberofforestshavebeencutdown,andgrasslandshavebeenreclaimed,leadingtothelossofalargenumberofanimalhabitats.Atthesametime,illegalhuntingandtradingarestillprevalent,whichmakesmanyrarespeciessuchaspandas,tigers,andelephantsfacethedangerofextinction.Inaddition,environmentalpollutionhasalsocausedseriousharmtothehealthofwildanimals,makingtheirsurvivalenvironmentworseandworse.Facedwiththeseseveresituations,wemusttakeimmediateactiontoprotectwildanimals.Firstofall,thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthesupervisionandlawenforcement,severelycrackdownonillegalhuntingandtradingbehaviors,andimproverelevantlawsandregulationstoprovidelegalprotectionforwildanimals.Secondly,weshouldcarryoutextensivepublicityandeducationtoletmorepeoplerealizetheimportanceofanimalprotectionandcultivatetheawarenessofcaringforwildanimals.Moreover,wecantakepracticalactionsindailylife,suchasrefusingtobuyproductsmadeofwildanimalfur,reducingtheuseofdisposableproductstoreduceenvironmentalpollution,andsupportingtheconstructionofwildlifereserves.Protectingwildanimalsisnotamatterofonepersonoroneday,butalong-termtaskthatrequiresthejointeffortsofthewholesociety.Onlywhenwetakeactiontogethertorespectandprotecteverywildanimalcanwemaintainthediversityofnatureandbuildaharmonioushomewherehumansandanimalscoexistpeacefully.Let'sstartfromourselvesandmakecontributionstotheprotectionofwildanimals!題型題型012單詞拼寫(夯實(shí)雙基，厚積薄發(fā))Unit1Nature1.Manyrare_______(物種)arefacingthedangerofextinctionduetoenvironmentalpollution.（）2.Theoldtreeintheyardbeganto_______(枯萎)becauseofthelackofwater.（）3.Weneedtofindapractical_______(解決辦法)toreduceairpollutioninthecity.（）4.It'sourdutytoprotecteveryliving_______(生物)ontheearth.（）5.Thescientistspentyearsstudyingthe_______(理論)ofecologicalbalance.（）6.Hereffortsinprotectingwildlifefinallygotagood_______(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))fromthegovernment.（）7.The_______(精致的)ecosystemofthewetlandiseasilydestroyedbyhumanactivities.（）8.Weshouldtakemeasuresto_______(恢復(fù))thedamagedforesttoitsoriginalstate.（）9.The_______(復(fù)雜的)relationshipbetweendifferentspeciesmaintainsthestabilityofnature.（）10.Onlineshoppinghasgradually_______(取代)traditionalshoppinginsomeaspects.（）答案：SpecieswithersolutioncreaturetheoryrewarddelicaterestoreelaboratereplacedUnit2Animals1.Manywildanimalsareindangerof_______(滅絕)becauseofhumanactivities.（）2.It'simportantforanimalsto_______(適應(yīng))thechangingenvironmenttosurvive.（）3.Thegovernmenthassetupanature_______(保護(hù)區(qū))toprotectrarespecies.（）4.Illegal_______(狩獵)isoneofthemainreasonsforthedecreaseofwildanimals.（）5.The_______(多樣性)ofspeciesiscrucialformaintainingecologicalbalance.（）6.Weshouldtakemeasurestopreventthe_______(破壞)ofanimals'habitats.（）7.Thescientistspentyears_______(觀察)thebehaviorofgorillasinthewild.（）8.Thiskindofbird_______(遷徙)tothesoutheverywintertoavoidcold.（）9.Pollutionandclimatechange_______(威脅)thesurvivalofmanymarinecreatures.（）10.The_______(幸存)oftheendangeredanimalsdependsoneffectiveprotectionmeasures.（）答案：Extinctionadaptreservehuntingvarietydestructionobservingmigratesthreatensurvival題型題型022單句語(yǔ)法填空(一詞多變，活學(xué)活用)Unit1Nature1._______(Cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofChina'sfirstnationalparks.（2022浙江高考1月）2.Asignificantnumberofareasthat_______(be)previouslyunprotectedwillbeincludedintheprotectionscope.（2022浙江高考1月）3.TheGPNP_______(design)toprotecttheauthenticityandintegrityofthenaturalecosystem.（2022浙江高考1月）4.KimCobbisoneoftheacademics_______arecuttingdowntheirairtravelduetoclimatechange.（2022浙江高考1月）5.Travelingtoattendconferences_______(view)asanimportantpartofascientist'swork.（2022浙江高考1月）6.Roughly200academicshavejoinedthe"FlightFreeScientists"websitesinceit_______(found)twoyearsago.（2022浙江高考1月）7.Cobbbeganaskingorganizersifshecouldattendtheireventsremotelywhen_______(invite).（2022浙江高考1月）8.Shedeclinedthe_______(invite)whentheorganizersrefusedherremoteattendancerequest.（2022浙江高考1月）9.Thepandaserves_______anumbrellaspecies,bringingprotectiontomanyotheranimals.（2022浙江高考1月）10.Theplanaimstoprotectallspecies_______liveintheGiantPandaRange.（2022浙江高考1月）答案：Coveringwereisdesignedwho/thatisviewed/hasbeenviewedwasfoundedinvitedinvitationasthatUnit2Animals1.Thenumberofpandas_______(increase)steadilyduetodecadesofconservationefforts.（2023全國(guó)甲卷）2.Wildliferesearchersaredevotedto_______(study)themigrationrulesofbirds.（2022全國(guó)乙卷）3.Itisreportedthatmorethan300kindsofwildanimals_______(protect)inthisnaturereservenow.（2021全國(guó)甲卷）4.Thereasonwhysomespeciesdiedoutisthattheirhabitats_______(destroy)completely.（2020全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）5.Weshouldadvocate_______(live)inharmonywithalllivingcreaturesontheearth.（2023浙江高考6月）6.Thisisthefirsttimethatwe_______(participate)inthewildanimalrescueactivity.（2022浙江高考1月）7.Thetiger,_______(know)asthekingoftheforest,isfacingthedangerofextinction.（2021浙江高考6月）8.Onlybytakingjointefforts_______weprotecttheendangeredanimalseffectively.（2020浙江高考1月）9.Thewildlifereserveprovidesasafeenvironmentforanimals_______(breed)andsurvive.（2023天津高考）10.Manypeopledon'trealizethatwildanimalsplayanimportantrolein_______(keep)theecosystembalanced.（2022天津高考）答案：hasincreasedstudyingarebeingprotectedweredestroyedlivinghaveparticipatedknowncantobreedkeeping題型題型032完成句子(精彩句型，活學(xué)即用)Unit1NatureWeshould_______(增強(qiáng)環(huán)保意識(shí))tomakeeveryonerealizetheimportanceofprotectingnature.答案：strengthenenvironmentalprotectionawareness；解析：“增強(qiáng)”用動(dòng)詞strengthen，“環(huán)保意識(shí)”為固定搭配environmentalprotectionawareness，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should后接動(dòng)詞原形。2._______(只有通過(guò)與自然和諧共處)canweachievesustainabledevelopmentofhumansociety.答案：Onlybylivinginharmonywithnature；解析：“只有……才……”用only+狀語(yǔ)置于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，“與自然和諧共處”為固定短語(yǔ)liveinharmonywithnature，by后接動(dòng)名詞形式。3.Theexcessiveuseofnaturalresources_______(已經(jīng)對(duì)生態(tài)平衡造成了嚴(yán)重破壞).答案：hascausedseriousdamagetotheecologicalbalance；解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，“對(duì)……造成破壞”為固定搭配causedamageto，“生態(tài)平衡”為ecologicalbalance。Manywildlifehabitats_______(正在消失)becauseofdeforestationandpollution.答案：aredisappearing；解析：“正在消失”用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)manywildlifehabitats為復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are，“消失”為disappear，其現(xiàn)在分詞形式為disappearing。Itisurgentthatwe_______(采取有效措施)topreventendangeredspeciesfromextinction.答案：takeeffectivemeasures；解析：此處為itisurgentthat...的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句中謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略，“采取措施”為固定搭配takemeasures，“有效”為effective。Thegovernmenthasformulatedlaws_______(限制破壞性的人類活動(dòng)).答案：torestrictdestructivehumanactivities；解析：此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，“限制”為restrict，“破壞性的”為destructive，“人類活動(dòng)”為humanactivities。_______(為了給后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)),wemustattachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.答案：Toleavevaluablenaturalassetsforfuturegenerations；解析：“為了……”用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，“留下”為leave，“寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”為valuablenaturalassets，“后代”為futuregenerations。Participatingintree-plantingactivities_______(有助于改善生態(tài)環(huán)境).答案：contributestoimprovingtheecologicalenvironment；解析：主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，“有助于”為固定搭配contributeto，to為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞形式，“改善生態(tài)環(huán)境”為improvetheecologicalenvironment。Weshouldreducetheuseofplasticproducts_______(因?yàn)樗鼈兒茈y被自然降解).答案：becausetheyaredifficulttobedegradedbynature；解析：此處用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，“很難被降解”用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)bedifficulttobedegraded，“自然”為nature。Peoplehavecometorealizethat_______(保護(hù)生物多樣性對(duì)生態(tài)平衡至關(guān)重要).答案：protectingbiodiversityisvitaltothebalanceoftheecosystem；解析：that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)protectingbiodiversity，“對(duì)……至關(guān)重要”為固定搭配bevitalto，“生態(tài)平衡”為thebalanceoftheecosystem。Unit2AnimalsWeshould_______(拒絕購(gòu)買野生動(dòng)物制品)tostopillegalhunting.答案：refusetobuyproductsmadeofwildanimals；解析：“拒絕做某事”用refusetodosth.，“野生動(dòng)物制品”為productsmadeofwildanimals，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾products。_______(隨著越來(lái)越多的自然保護(hù)區(qū)建立),thelivingconditionsofwildanimalshaveimproved.答案：Withmoreandmorenaturereservesestablished；解析：用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，“自然保護(hù)區(qū)”為naturereserve，“建立”與reserves為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞established作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。3.Itiseveryone'sduty_______(為保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量).答案：tocontributeone'sownstrengthtoprotectingwildanimals；解析：it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞不定式，“貢獻(xiàn)力量于……”為contribute...to...，to為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞形式。Someanimalshavetochangetheirlivinghabits_______(以便適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化).答案：inordertoadapttoenvironmentalchanges；解析：“以便”用inorderto引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)，“適應(yīng)”為adaptto，“環(huán)境變化”為environmentalchanges。Thegovernmenthasmadelaws_______(禁止非法捕殺野生動(dòng)物).答案：tobantheillegalhuntingofwildanimals；解析：動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，“禁止”為ban，“非法捕殺”為illegalhunting，of短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾hunting。_______(據(jù)信)thatthenumberofred-crownedcraneshasincreasedby20%inrecentyears.答案：Itisbelieved；解析：考查固定句型Itisbelievedthat...，表示“據(jù)信……”，it為形式主語(yǔ)，that從句為真正主語(yǔ)。Wemustbeawarethat_______(野生動(dòng)物的滅絕會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成嚴(yán)重影響).答案：theextinctionofwildanimalswillhaveaseriousimpactontheecosystem；解析：“滅絕”為extinction，“對(duì)……造成影響”為haveanimpacton，從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示未來(lái)的影響。Volunteeractivities_______(在野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)中發(fā)揮著重要作用)everyyear.答案：playanimportantroleinwildanimalprotection；解析：“發(fā)揮重要作用”為固定搭配playanimportantrolein，后接名詞短語(yǔ)wildanimalprotection作賓語(yǔ)。Manyendangeredanimals_______(正處于滅絕的邊緣)becauseofhabitatloss.答案：areonthevergeofextinction；解析：“處于……的邊緣”為固定短語(yǔ)onthevergeof，“滅絕”為extinction，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示當(dāng)前狀態(tài)。_______(只有當(dāng)我們停止破壞自然)canweensurethesurvivalofwildanimals.答案：Onlywhenwestopdestroyingnature；解析：only+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首，主句用部分倒裝，“破壞自然”為destroynature，stop后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Unit1Nature1.naturevs.naturalvs.nationality?nature：名詞，意為“自然；天性”，側(cè)重客觀存在的自然環(huán)境或人的本質(zhì)屬性，例：Weshouldrespectnatureandliveinharmonywithit.?natural：形容詞，意為“自然的；天生的”，修飾名詞，體現(xiàn)“非人為的、與生俱來(lái)的”，例：Shehasanaturaltalentformusic.?nationality：名詞，意為“國(guó)籍；民族”，與“國(guó)家、民族歸屬”相關(guān)，例：Whatisyournationality?2.protectvs.preservevs.conserve?protect：動(dòng)詞，意為“保護(hù)”，側(cè)重抵御外界傷害、危險(xiǎn)，常用搭配protect...from/against...，例：Weneedtoprotectwildlifefrombeinghunted.?preserve：動(dòng)詞，意為“維護(hù)；留存”，側(cè)重保持事物原有狀態(tài)、防止變質(zhì)或破壞，例：Effortsaremadetopreservetheancientforest.?conserve：動(dòng)詞，意為“節(jié)約；保護(hù)”，側(cè)重合理利用資源、避免浪費(fèi)，尤其用于自然資源保護(hù)，例：Weshouldconservewaterandelectricityindailylife.3.damagevs.destroyvs.ruin?damage：動(dòng)詞/名詞，意為“損壞；損害”，程度較輕，多指事物部分受損、可修復(fù)，例：Thestormdamagedmanyhousesinthevillage.?destroy：動(dòng)詞，意為“摧毀；毀滅”，程度極重，指事物徹底被毀、無(wú)法復(fù)原，例：Thefiredestroyedtheentireforest.?ruin：動(dòng)詞/名詞，意為“毀壞；廢墟”，可指事物因長(zhǎng)期破壞而報(bào)廢，也可指抽象的“毀掉（名譽(yù)、生活等）”，例：Hisbadhabitsruinedhishealth.4.speciesvs.kindvs.type?species：名詞，意為“物種”，側(cè)重生物分類的特定類別，單復(fù)數(shù)同形，例：Manyrarespeciesareonthevergeofextinction.?kind：名詞，意為“種類”，泛指同類事物，側(cè)重“性質(zhì)相近的群體”，常用搭配akindof，例：Thiskindofplantgrowswellinwetareas.?type：名詞，意為“類型；型號(hào)”，側(cè)重“根據(jù)特征、用途劃分的類別”，例：Whattypeofenvironmentdopandasneedtosurvive?5.habitatvs.residencevs.house?habitat：名詞，意為“棲息地”，特指動(dòng)植物生存的自然環(huán)境，例：Deforestationhasledtothelossofmanyanimals'habitat.?residence：名詞，意為“住所；住宅”，正式用語(yǔ)，側(cè)重“長(zhǎng)期居住的場(chǎng)所”，例：Hisofficialresidenceislocatedinthecitycenter.?house：名詞，意為“房子；住宅”，普通用語(yǔ)，側(cè)重具體的房屋建筑，例：Theyboughtasmallhousenearthepark.6.pollutevs.contaminate?pollute：動(dòng)詞，意為“污染”，泛指空氣、水、土壤等自然環(huán)境被有害物質(zhì)污染，使用范圍廣，例：Factoriesshouldnotpollutetheriverwithwastewater.?contaminate：動(dòng)詞，意為“污染；沾染”，側(cè)重因接觸有害物質(zhì)而被污染，語(yǔ)氣更正式，可用于抽象事物，例：Thefoodwascontaminatedbybacteria.7.survivevs.surviveonvs.liveon?survive：動(dòng)詞，意為“生存；幸存”，側(cè)重在危險(xiǎn)、困難中存活下來(lái)，例：Onlyafewpeoplesurvivedtheearthquake.?surviveon：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“靠……維持生存”，后接生存所需的資源，例：Someanimalssurviveongrassandleaves.?liveon：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“繼續(xù)活著；以……為食”，可指人“長(zhǎng)壽”，也可指動(dòng)物“以某物為食”，例：Shelivesonasmallpensionafterretirement.8.adaptvs.adopt?adapt：動(dòng)詞，意為“適應(yīng)；改編”，常用搭配adaptto...（適應(yīng)……）、adapt...for...（為……改編），例：Animalsneedtoadapttothechangingenvironment.?adopt：動(dòng)詞，意為“收養(yǎng)；采納”，側(cè)重“接受、采用他人的意見、方法或收養(yǎng)孩子”，例：Thegovernmentadoptednewpoliciestoprotecttheenvironment.9.resourcevs.source?resource：名詞，意為“資源”，側(cè)重可供利用的自然、人力、物力等資源，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例：Weshouldmakefulluseofnaturalresources.?source：名詞，意為“來(lái)源；源頭”，側(cè)重事物的起源、出處，例：Thesourceoftheriverishiddeninthemountains.10.urgentvs.emergent?urgent：形容詞，意為“緊急的；迫切的”，側(cè)重“需要立即處理的、不容拖延的”，常用搭配urgentmatter/need，例：It'sanurgenttasktoprotectendangeredspecies.?emergent：形容詞，意為“突發(fā)的；緊急的”，側(cè)重“突然發(fā)生的、意外出現(xiàn)的”，多修飾抽象事物，例：Weneedtomakeplansforemergentsituations.Unit2Animals1.adaptvs.adopt?adapt：動(dòng)詞，意為“適應(yīng)；改編”，核心側(cè)重“調(diào)整自身以匹配新環(huán)境或需求”，常用搭配adaptto（適應(yīng)……）、adapt...for...（為……改編），例：PenguinshaveadaptedtothecoldAntarcticenvironment.?adopt：動(dòng)詞，意為“收養(yǎng)；采納”，核心側(cè)重“接受、采用他人的意見、方法，或法律上收養(yǎng)孩子”，常用搭配adoptachild（收養(yǎng)孩子）、adoptapolicy（采納政策），例：Theschooladoptednewmeasurestoeducatestudentsaboutanimalprotection.2.survivevs.livevs.exist?survive：動(dòng)詞，意為“生存；幸存”，側(cè)重在危險(xiǎn)、困難（如災(zāi)難、極端環(huán)境）中艱難存活，隱含“原本可能無(wú)法存活”的意味，例：Fewanimalssurvivedtheseveredrought.?live：動(dòng)詞，意為“居?。簧睢?，泛指正常的生存、生活狀態(tài)，使用范圍最廣，例：ManypandasliveintheWolongNatureReserve.?exist：動(dòng)詞，意為“存在”，側(cè)重客觀上“有這樣的事物”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)生存的狀態(tài)或質(zhì)量，例：Thisrarespecieshasexistedonearthformillionsofyears.3.dangervs.dangerousvs.endangered?danger：名詞，意為“危