2025年醫(yī)學(xué)翻譯競賽題庫及答案

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Theterm"pathology"primarilyrefersto:A.Thestudyofthebody'sstructureB.ThestudyofdiseasesandtheircausesC.ThetreatmentofinjuriesD.Thepreventionofdiseases答案：B2.Whichofthefollowingisacommonsymptomofdiabetesmellitus?A.HighbloodpressureB.FrequenturinationC.SuddenweightgainD.Irregularheartbeat答案：B3.Theprocessbywhichredbloodcellsareproducediscalled:A.HemostasisB.HemoglobinizationC.HematopoiesisD.Hemolysis答案：C4.Aconditioncharacterizedbyabnormallyhighbloodglucoselevelsaftereatingisknownas:A.HypoglycemiaB.HyperglycemiaC.GlycogenosisD.Glucosuria答案：B5.Theprimaryfunctionofthethyroidglandistoproduce:A.InsulinB.ThyroxineC.AdrenalineD.Cortisol答案：B6.Theprocessofbreakingdownfoodintosmallercomponentsiscalled:A.AbsorptionB.DigestionC.AssimilationD.Egestion答案：B7.Theterm"myocardialinfarction"refersto:A.AstrokeB.AheartattackC.AlunginfectionD.Akidneydisorder答案：B8.Theorganresponsibleforfilteringbloodandproducingurineisthe:A.LiverB.PancreasC.KidneyD.Spleen答案：C9.Theterm"osteoporosis"refersto:A.ThebuildupofbonetissueB.TheweakeningofbonetissueC.TheinflammationofjointsD.Thegrowthofmuscletissue答案：B10.Theprocessbywhichthebodyfightsoffinfectionsiscalled:A.ImmuneresponseB.InflammatoryresponseC.NervousresponseD.Endocrineresponse答案：A二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingaremajorfunctionsoftheliver?A.DetoxificationB.ProteinsynthesisC.BloodclottingD.Fatstorage答案：A,B,C,D2.Thefollowingaresymptomsofdepression:A.PersistentsadnessB.LossofinterestinactivitiesC.ChangesinappetiteD.Fatigue答案：A,B,C,D3.Thecomponentsofthebloodinclude:A.RedbloodcellsB.WhitebloodcellsC.PlateletsD.Plasma答案：A,B,C,D4.Thefollowingareriskfactorsforheartdisease:A.HighbloodpressureB.HighcholesterolC.SmokingD.Diabetes答案：A,B,C,D5.Theendocrinesystemincludes:A.ThethyroidglandB.ThepancreasC.TheadrenalglandsD.Thepituitarygland答案：A,B,C,D6.Theprocessofrespirationinvolves:A.InhalationB.ExhalationC.GasexchangeD.Oxygentransport答案：A,B,C,D7.Thefollowingarepartsofthedigestivesystem:A.ThemouthB.ThestomachC.TheintestinesD.Theliver答案：A,B,C,D8.Thefollowingarefunctionsofthekidneys:A.FilteringbloodB.ProducingurineC.RegulatingbloodpressureD.Producinghormones答案：A,B,C,D9.Thefollowingaretypesofdiabetes:A.Type1diabetesB.Type2diabetesC.GestationaldiabetesD.LADA答案：A,B,C,D10.Thefollowingarepartsoftheimmunesystem:A.WhitebloodcellsB.AntibodiesC.LymphnodesD.Thespleen答案：A,B,C,D三、判斷題（每題2分，共10題）1.Thehumanhearthasfourchambers.答案：正確2.Thepancreasproducesbothinsulinandglucagon.答案：正確3.Osteoporosisismorecommoninwomenthaninmen.答案：正確4.Theliveristhelargestinternalorganinthehumanbody.答案：正確5.Diabetesmellitusisachronicdiseasethataffectsthebody'sabilitytoregulatebloodsugarlevels.答案：正確6.Theimmunesystemconsistsoforgans,tissues,andcellsthatworktogethertodefendthebodyagainstpathogens.答案：正確7.Theprocessofhematopoiesisoccursinthebonemarrow.答案：正確8.Thekidneysareresponsibleforproducingredbloodcells.答案：錯(cuò)誤9.Thethyroidglandproduceshormonesthatregulatemetabolism.答案：正確10.Thedigestivesystembreaksdownfoodintonutrientsthatcanbeabsorbedintothebloodstream.答案：正確四、簡答題（每題5分，共4題）1.Whatistheroleofthepancreasinthehumanbody?答案：Thepancreasisavitalorganthatservesbothdigestiveandendocrinefunctions.Intermsofdigestion,itproducesdigestiveenzymesthathelpbreakdowncarbohydrates,proteins,andfatsinthesmallintestine.Additionally,thepancreasproduceshormonessuchasinsulinandglucagon,whichplayacrucialroleinregulatingbloodsugarlevels.Insulinhelpslowerbloodsugarbyfacilitatingtheuptakeofglucoseintocells,whileglucagonraisesbloodsugarbypromotingtheconversionofglycogentoglucoseintheliver.2.Describetheprocessofhematopoiesis.答案：Hematopoiesisistheprocessbywhichbloodcellsareproduced.Itprimarilyoccursinthebonemarrow,wherehematopoieticstemcellsgiverisetovarioustypesofbloodcells.Thesestemcellscandifferentiateintoredbloodcells,whitebloodcells,andplatelets.Redbloodcellsareresponsibleforcarryingoxygen,whitebloodcellsareinvolvedintheimmuneresponse,andplateletshelpinbloodclotting.Theprocessisregulatedbyvarioushormonesandgrowthfactorsthatstimulatetheproductionanddifferentiationofbloodcells.3.Explainthefunctionoftheliverinthehumanbody.答案：Theliverisamultifunctionalorganwithseveralcriticalrolesinthehumanbody.Itisinvolvedinthemetabolismofcarbohydrates,fats,andproteins,helpingtomaintainenergybalance.Theliveralsoplaysakeyroleindetoxification,breakingdownandneutralizingharmfulsubstancessuchasdrugsandtoxins.Additionally,itproducesbile,whichaidsinthedigestionandabsorptionoffats,andsynthesizesvariousproteins,includingthoseinvolvedinbloodclottingandplasmavolumeregulation.Theliverisalsoresponsibleforstoringvitaminsandminerals,suchasironandglucose,whichcanbereleasedintothebloodstreamasneeded.4.Discussthesymptomsandriskfactorsofdepression.答案：Depressionisacommonmentalhealthdisordercharacterizedbypersistentsadness,lossofinterestinactivities,andarangeofemotionalandphysicalsymptoms.Symptomsofdepressionincludepersistentfeelingsofsadnessoremptiness,lossofinterestorpleasureinhobbiesoractivities,changesinappetiteorweight,sleepdisturbances,fatigue,feelingsofworthlessnessorguilt,difficultyconcentrating,andthoughtsofdeathorsuicide.Riskfactorsfordepressionincludeafamilyhistoryofdepression,personalhistoryofmentalhealthdisorders,traumaticlifeevents,chronicstress,certainmedicalconditions,andsubstanceabuse.Identifyingthesesymptomsandriskfactorsiscrucialforearlyinterventionandeffectivetreatment.五、討論題（每題5分，共4題）1.Howdoestheimmunesystemprotectthebodyagainstinfections?答案：Theimmunesystemprotectsthebodyagainstinfectionsthroughacomplexnetworkofcells,tissues,andorgans.Itconsistsoftwomaincomponents:theinnateimmunesystemandtheadaptiveimmunesystem.Theinnateimmunesystemprovidesimmediatedefenseagainstpathogensthroughphysicalbarriersliketheskinandmucousmembranes,aswellascellssuchasphagocytesandnaturalkillercellsthatcanrecognizeanddestroyinvaders.Theadaptiveimmunesystem,ontheotherhand,mountsamorespecificandtargetedresponse.ItinvolvesBcells,whichproduceantibodiestoneutralizepathogens,andTcells,whichcandirectlykillinfectedcellsorhelpregulatetheimmuneresponse.Theimmunesystemalsohasmemorycapabilities,allowingittorecognizeandrespondmoreeffectivelytopreviouslyencounteredpathogens.2.Discusstheimportanceofmaintainingabalanceddietforoverallhealth.答案：Maintainingabalanceddietisessentialforoverallhealthasitensuresthebodyreceivesthenecessarynutrientstofunctionoptimally.Abalanceddietincludesavarietyoffoodsfromdifferentfoodgroups,suchasfruits,vegetables,wholegrains,leanproteins,andhealthyfats.Thesenutrientsprovideenergy,supportgrowthandrepair,andhelppreventchronicdiseases.Forexample,fruitsandvegetablesarerichinvitamins,minerals,andfiber,whichareimportantforimmunefunctionanddigestion.Leanproteins,suchaspoultry,fish,andlegumes,areessentialformusclegrowthandrepair.Wholegrainsprovidecomplexcarbohydratesandfiber,whichhelpregulatebloodsugarlevelsandpromotehearthealth.Healthyfats,suchasthosefoundinavocadosandnuts,areimportantforbrainfunctionandinflammationcontrol.Abalanceddietalsohelpsmaintainahealthyweight,reducestheriskofobesityandrelateddiseases,andsupportsoverallwell-being.3.Explaintheroleoftheendocrinesysteminregulatingbodilyfunctions.答案：Theendocrinesystemplaysacrucialroleinregulatingvariousbodilyfunctionsthroughtheproductionandreleaseofhormones.Hormonesarechemicalmessengersthattravelthroughthebloodstreamtotargetcellsororgans,wheretheyexertspecificeffects.Theendocrinesystemincludesseveralglands,suchasthethyroid,pancreas,adrenalglands,andpituitarygland,eachproducingdifferenthormonesthatregulateprocessessuchasmetabolism,growth,development,reproduction,andstressresponse.Forexample,thethyroidglandproducesthyroxine,whichregulatesmetabolism,whilethepancreasproducesinsulinandglucagon,whichcontrolbloodsugarlevels.Theadrenalglandsproducecortisolandadrenaline,whichhelpthebodyrespondtostress.Thepituitarygland,oftenreferredtoasthe"mastergland,"produceshormonesthatregulateotherendocrineglands.Theendocrinesystemworksincoordinationwiththenervoussystemtomaintainhomeostasisandensurethebodyfunctionsoptimally.4.Discus