汽車專業(yè)英語ENALI

SH

●●●●●10-1

ThreadedFasteners●10-2

WrenchesandPliers●10-3MeasuringTools

and

MeasuringInstruments●10-4DiagnosticTestersCHAPTER

10Hand

Tools

and

Shop

Equipment手工具和車間設(shè)備螺紋緊固件扳手和手鉗量具和測(cè)量?jī)x器專用診斷儀10-1

Threaded

Fasteners螺紋緊固件Common

automotive

threaded

fasteners

are

shown

in

Figure

10-1.通用型車用螺紋緊固件如圖10-1所示。bolt螺栓◆Threadedfastenersinclude

bolts,nuts,screws,

and

similar

items

that

allow

for

easy

removaland

installation

of

parts.◆螺紋緊固件包括螺栓、螺母、螺釘和用于零件拆裝的類似東西。內(nèi)六角花鍵螺釘頭螺栓Figure

10-1

Common

Automotive

Threaded

Fasteners通用型車用螺紋緊固件setscrews

緊定螺釘開槽圓頭

橢圓頭carriage

bolt方頸螺栓10-1

Threaded

Fasteners螺紋緊固件Differenttypesofnutsareshown

in

Figure

10-2.不同類型的螺母如圖10-2所示。igure

10-2

Different

Types

of

Nuts

不同類型的螺母prelockedpositionspringnut預(yù)鎖緊位置彈簧螺母slottedhexagonalnut(castellated

nut)六角開槽螺母free-nunningseatinglockunit無負(fù)載座鎖止螺母regularsquarenut

普通方螺母hexagonalnuts六角螺母stamped

nut

沖壓螺母wingnut

蝶形螺母jam

nut

鎖緊螺母locknut鎖緊螺母crownnut蓋形螺母●carriage

n.底座，承重裝置●fastener

n.

緊固件[物]●

fillister

n.

凹槽●flat

adj.

平(坦)的●

machinen.機(jī)器，機(jī)械；以機(jī)器制造●

oval

adj.

橢圓形的，卵形的圓，卵形●round

adj.

圓(

形

)

的n.

一圈[周，回]●

self-tappingadj.

自攻的●

set

v.緊定，定位●

similaradj.

相似的，類似的●

sizen.

尺寸，大小●

thread

n.螺紋●Threaded

adj.(切有)螺紋的●

Torx?head

內(nèi)六角花鍵螺釘頭本課新單詞車輛上用的螺紋緊固件大多數(shù)是有頭螺釘。之所以稱為有頭螺釘是因?yàn)槁菁y擰進(jìn)了機(jī)體。汽車維修技術(shù)人員對(duì)這些緊固件不管用于何處通稱為螺栓。有時(shí)還會(huì)用到螺柱作為螺紋緊固件。螺柱是一根兩頭有螺紋的短圓棒。通常

雙頭螺柱的一頭是粗牙螺紋，另一頭則是細(xì)牙螺紋。雙頭螺栓的粗牙是用于擰進(jìn)機(jī)體的。Mostofthethreaded

fasteners

used

on

vehicles

are

cap

screws.They

are

called

cap

screws

whentheyarethreaded

into

a

casting.Automotive

service

technicians

usually

referto

these

fasten-ers

as

bolts,regardlessofhow

they

are

used.Sometimes,studs

are

used

for

threaded

fasteners.A

stud

is

a

short

rod

with

threads

on

both

ends.Often,a

studwillhave

coarse

threads

on

one

end

andfinethreads

on

theotherend.Theendofthestudwithcoarsethreadsisscrewed

intothecasting.Threaded

Fasteners

螺紋緊固件◆閱讀材料1archedadj.拱[弓]形的2castellatedadj.開槽的，如城墻形的3crownn.蓋，帽4formedadj.成形的5free-runningadj.無負(fù)載的，自由運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的6hexagonaladj.六角(形)的，六邊形的7initialadj.開始的，最初的8jamV.壓[擠]緊，夾住9prelockv.預(yù)鎖緊10prongn.剌，叉狀物11regularadj.規(guī)側(cè)的，常規(guī)的12slottedadj.開[有]槽的13squaren.正方形adj.正方形的14stampv.沖壓15wingn

.

翼(形的),翅16oftenadv.時(shí)常，常常17coarseadj.粗的，粗糙的18fineadj.精細(xì)的，細(xì)(牙)的生詞短語注解19screwv.用螺釘固定20bothadj.兩者的，雙方的21castingn.鑄件，鑄造22chaptern.章，篇23regardlessofhow

they

areused不管用于何處生詞短語注解Different

kinds

of

wrenches

are

shown

in

Figure10-5.不同種類的扳手如圖10-5所示。10-2

Wrenches

andPliers

扳手和手鉗Figure

10-5Wrenches扳手Figure

10-6

Various

Types

of

Pliers

各種類型的手鉗Various

types

of

pliers

are

shown

in

Figure

10-6.各種類型的手鉗如圖10-6所示。10-2

Wrenches

andPliers

扳手和手鉗1wrenchn

.

扳

手2deflectv.使偏斜，偏斜3dialn.刻度表，千分表，表盤，刻[標(biāo)]度盤4ratchetn.棘輪；棘輪扳手5couplern.插接器6metricadj.米制的7standardn

.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)adj

.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的8spannern

.

扳

手9compoundn.混合物adj.復(fù)[混，組]合的，合成的10cuttern.刀具，切割器11pliersn.手鉗，鉗子12diagonaladj.斜(交，線)的，交叉的13nosen.

(人體)鼻，(汽車)頭部；斜頭形物14combinationn.組合，復(fù)合15ribn.肋，肋條，加厚部16visen.臺(tái)虎鉗17gripv

.

抓(牢),(緊)握，(緊)夾18needlen.針狀物本課新單詞The

most

common

type

ofwrenches

are

combination

wrenches.These

have

an

enclosed

end

called

a

box

end

for

high-torque

uses,such

as

when

you

are

loosening

or

tightening

a

fastener.The

opposite

end

is

called

the

open

end.The

open

end

is

useful

once

a

fastener

is

loose

to

quickly

remove

it.Most

wrenches

have

the

box

end

at

an

angle

to

the

rest

of

the

wrench.This

allows

extra

clearance

for

your

hand

when

youare

working.Theboxendofawrenchmayhavesixpointsor12

points.Asix-point

provides

better

grip,while

the

12-point

allows

for

easier

access

since

the

in

creased

number

of

contact

points

allows

for

working

in

tighter

spaces最常見的扳手類型是兩用扳手。兩用扳手有一個(gè)封閉的端頭叫作梅花扳手頭，用于大扭力情況，如松開或擰緊緊固件。另一端叫作開口端，當(dāng)緊固件已經(jīng)被松動(dòng)時(shí)，開口端非常有用，它能迅速取下緊固件。大多數(shù)扳手的梅

花端與扳手的余下部分呈一個(gè)角度，這樣在工作時(shí)可以為手留下更多空隙。梅花端頭有六角和十二角之分，六角梅

花扳手的抓握力更好，而十二角梅花扳手的接觸點(diǎn)更多，可以在更狹窄的空間里工作，所以更便于使用。CombinationWrenches

兩用扳手閱讀材料common['kom?n]adj.普遍的，尋常的enclosed[1n'klauzd]adj.封閉的，圍住的torque[t?:k]n.扭矩，力矩loosen[lu:son]V

.(

使

)

松

開

，(

使

)

松

散tighten['tart(?)n]v

.

(使)變緊，(使)緊固fastener['fa:sn?(r)]n

.

緊

固

件opposite['pp?zit]adj.另一邊的，對(duì)面的extra['ekstr?]adj.額外的clearance['kli?r?ns]n.間隙，空隙grip[grip]n.緊握，緊抓10-3

MeasuringToolsand

Measuring

Instruments量具和測(cè)量?jī)x器Measuring

tools

and

measuring

instruments

are

shown

in

Figure

10-9～Figure

10-15.量具和測(cè)量?jī)x器如圖10-9～圖10-15所示。Figure

10-10

Usinga

FeelerGaugeandPrecisionStraightedgetoCheckforDistortion用塞尺和精密直尺檢查撓曲Figure

10-11A

Dial

Indicator

witha

Highlyadaptive

Holding

Fixture帶高適應(yīng)保持器的百分表Figure

10-9TypicalFeeler

Gauge

Set典型的成套塞尺10-3

MeasuringToolsand

Measuring

Instruments

量具和測(cè)量?jī)x器Figure

10-12This

Dial

IndicatorSetupwill

MeasuretheAmountThisAxleCan

MoveInand

Out

這樣安裝百分表能測(cè)量軸向總間隙Figure

10-13A

Digital

Micrometer

數(shù)顯千分尺·Figure

10-14AVacuum

GaugeMeasuresPressures

Below

Atmospheric

Pressure

in

UnitsofInchesof

Mercury·

真空表以英寸汞柱為單位測(cè)量負(fù)壓(低于大氣壓)的壓力Figure10-15AvernierCaliperis

a

Measuring

Tool

That

Can

Make

Inside,Outside,o

r

Depth

Measurements

作為量具的游標(biāo)卡尺能用于內(nèi)、外和深度測(cè)量10-3

MeasuringToolsand

Measuring

Instruments

量具和測(cè)量?jī)x器a)Dial

(Vernier)Caliper表盤式游標(biāo)卡戶b)DigitalVernierCaliper數(shù)字式游標(biāo)卡尺本課新單詞

●

adaptive

[?'d?ptiv]adj.

適合的●

amount

[?'ma?nt]n.量v.

總量，合計(jì)●

below[br'lu在……下面，在……以下adv.在下面●deck[dek

n.臺(tái)[層]面，氣缸體上表面●distortion[di'st?:?(?)n]n.變形，扭轉(zhuǎn)，撓曲●

eliminate[1'lmine?t]v.除去，消除●feeler['fi:l?(r)]n.

塞尺●highly

['harli]adv.非常，很，高●hold

[h?old]v.

把握，保持●

make[meik]n.

制造

v.做，制造；做出●micrometer[mai'krpmit?(r)]n.千分尺●

move

[mu:v]v.

移動(dòng)●

precision[pri's13(?)n]n.精密，精確度●setup

['set?p]n.

布置，裝置，建立●

straightedge

['strerted3]n.

直尺●

vernier['v3:ni?(r)]n.游

標(biāo)(

尺

)閱讀材料MeasuringInstruments

測(cè)量?jī)x器Measuring

instruments

are

shown

in

Figure

10-16～Figure

10-21.測(cè)量?jī)x器如圖10-16～圖10-21所示Figure

10-17

Non-Contact

InfraredThermometer非接觸式紅外溫度計(jì)Figure

10-16

ElectronicTire

PressureGauge電子輪胎氣壓表閱讀材料A

digital

multimeter(DMM)can

measure

many

more

things

than

volts,ohms,and

low

cur-rent.The

front

of

a

DMM

normally

has

four

distinct

sections:the

display

area,range

selector,

mode

selector,and

jacks

for

the

test

leads.數(shù)字式萬用表能測(cè)量各種物品的電壓、電阻和小電流。數(shù)字式萬用表的正面通常有4個(gè)明顯部分：顯示

區(qū)、范圍選擇器、模式選擇器和測(cè)試線插口。Figure

10-20

Electronic

Figure

10-21A

BatteryConductance

Tester

Capacity

Tester電子式電導(dǎo)測(cè)試儀

蓄電池容量測(cè)試儀Figure

10-18A

DigitalMultimeter數(shù)字式萬用表Figure

10-19

DigitalBatteryTester數(shù)字式蓄電池測(cè)試儀capacity[ka'p?esitans]n.容量infrared[infr?'red]adj.紅外線的conductance[k?n'dakt?ns]n.傳導(dǎo)，電導(dǎo)ohm[?um]n.歐姆，電阻thing[θ1n]n.物，東西，事情normally['no:m?li]adv.通常地，正常地section['sek?(?)n]n.部分jack[dz?k]n.插座distinct[di'stinkt]adj.明顯的，清楚的front[fr?nt]n.前面，正面adj.前面的，正面的thermometer[θa'momit?(r)]n

.

溫

度

計(jì)non-contact['non'kont?kt]adj.非接觸的[式]生詞短語注解A,B,Cpower-operatedwrench動(dòng)力扳手Abattery-powered3/8

in.drive

impact

wrench蓄電池動(dòng)力3/8英寸頭的沖擊扳手electric

powered

wrench電動(dòng)扳手Bimpact

wrench沖擊扳手air

impact

wrench氣動(dòng)沖擊扳手Cairratchetwrench氣動(dòng)棘輪扳手Dsuperduty

air

impact

wrench超重型氣動(dòng)扳手Ebench

grinder臺(tái)式砂輪機(jī)Fbattery-poweredgrease

gun電池供電式滑脂槍Gair-operatedgrease

gun氣動(dòng)滑脂槍Hair

hammer氣動(dòng)鑿Idualaction

air

sander雙動(dòng)氣動(dòng)拋光機(jī)Lvariablespeed

dual

action

polisher變速雙動(dòng)拋光機(jī)Figure

10-23

Power

Tools動(dòng)力工具Power

tools

are

shown

in

Figure

10-23.

動(dòng)力工具如圖10-23所示。10-4

Shop

Equipment

車間設(shè)備Shop

equipments

are

shown

in

Figure

10-24～Figure

10-34.車間設(shè)備如圖10-24～圖10-34所示10-4

Shop

Equipment

車間設(shè)備Figure

10-24

CylinderBoring

Machine鏜缸機(jī)Figure

10-25AValveGrinding

Machine氣門磨光機(jī)Figure

10-26

Wheel

Balancer車輪平衡機(jī)Figure

10-29

Auto-Transmission

FlushMachineATF-20DTATF20DT型自動(dòng)變速器沖洗機(jī)10-4

Shop

Equipment

車間設(shè)備Figure

10-28ACoolant

RecyclingMachine冷卻液回收機(jī)Figure

10-27

TireChanger(ChangingMachine)輪胎拆裝機(jī)10-4

Shop

Equipment

車間設(shè)備Figure

10-32

InsulatedTools絕緣工具Figure

10-31Automotive

PicoScope

汽車示波器Figure

10-30Snap-onTool

Kit實(shí)耐寶(Snap-on)

工具箱10-4

Shop

Equipment

車間設(shè)備Figure

10-33

DiagnosticSystemFigure

10-34AdapterandCable

Kit診斷系統(tǒng)

適配器和電纜套件本課新單詞

●

powered

['pav?d]adj.

有動(dòng)力裝置的●

dual

['dju:?l]adj.

兩的，雙的●gun

[g?n]n.

槍●

polisher['ppli??(r)]n.

拋光機(jī)●variable['ve?ri?b?l]adj.可變的，易變的●

super

['su:p?(r)]adj.(口語)超級(jí)的，特級(jí)的●

duty

['dju:ti]n.負(fù)載，生產(chǎn)量●

sander['s?end?(r)]n.拋光機(jī)，打磨機(jī)●grinder['graind?(r)]n.砂輪機(jī)，磨床●

grind['graind]v.磨削，光[研]磨●

balancer['b?l?ns?(r)]n.平衡機(jī)[器]●boring['bo:rin]v.

鏜孔，鉆孔

n.鏜缸o(hù)

change

[tfeind3]v.變化，變換，(變速器)換檔●

flush

[flA?]v.

沖洗●full[ful]adj.

充滿的，滿的v.加注◆閱讀材料Shop

Equipment車間設(shè)備Some

tools

and

equipment

are

supplied

by

the

service

facility

and

few

technicians

have

these

aspart

of

their

tool

assortment.These

tools

are

commonly

used

but

there

is

no

need

for

each

tech

nician

to

ownthem.Manyshopshave

one

ortwo

of

each.List

the

common

types

of

shop

equipment

and

statetheir

purpose.For

example:bench

vises,grease

guns,presses,oxyacetylene

torches...有些工具和設(shè)備屬于維修服務(wù)設(shè)施，不在服務(wù)技術(shù)人員個(gè)人的工具分類之中。這些工具通常不歸技術(shù)人員個(gè)人所有。很多車間這類工具每樣也只有一兩件。這是公用型車間設(shè)備和它們的用途狀況清單。例如：各種臺(tái)鉗、滑

脂槍、壓床、氧乙炔割炬……Manymanufacturershavedesignedrangesoftoolstoprotectmechanicsfromthehigh-voltage

systems

in

electric

vehicles.The

well-known

company

Facom

was

able

to

use

its

experience

of

manufacturing1000

V

insulated

tools

to

produce

a

selection

of

products

that

comply

with

EN

60900.In

fact,the

tools

were

testedindividually

at10,000V

for10seconds.Therangecomprisesa

fullcomplementofinsulatedtools,includingratchets,sockets,screwdrivers,spanners,pliersandainsulatedtorquewrench.Latexinsulated

gloves,protective

outerglovesand

a

secure

roller

cabinet

are

also

available.An

important

safety

feature

of

the

EV

tool

range

is

the

two-step

colour-code

system.If

any

of

the

orange-coloured

outer

insulation

material

is

missing,a

bright

yellow

interior

is

exposed,clearly

indicating

to

the

technician

that

the

tool

is

no

longer

safe

for

use.為了保護(hù)技師免受電動(dòng)汽車高壓系統(tǒng)的傷害，許多制造商設(shè)計(jì)了一系列工具。知名公司法國(guó)富康(Facom)利用其生產(chǎn)1000V絕緣工具的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，制造了一系列符合EN60900標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的產(chǎn)品。事實(shí)上，這些工具均分別在

10000V的條件下經(jīng)歷了10s的測(cè)試。這系列工具包括一套完整的絕緣工具，包括棘輪扳手、套筒、螺絲刀、扳手、

鉗子和絕緣扭矩扳手。此外，有乳膠絕緣手套、外層防護(hù)手套和安全滾輪柜可供選擇。電動(dòng)汽車系列工具的一個(gè)

重要的安全功能是雙色區(qū)分系統(tǒng)。如果工具的任何橙色外層絕緣材料損壞缺失，就會(huì)露出明亮的黃色內(nèi)層，這清楚

地提示技術(shù)人員該工具已不再安全可用。HighVoltage

Tools高壓系統(tǒng)工具閱讀材料assortment[?'so:tm?nt]n.分類；種類commonly['kom?nli]adv.通常地，普通地need[ni:d]n

.

需

要

v

.

需

要each[i:t?]a

d

j

.

每[

各

]

個(gè)(

的

)few[fju:]adj.很少的，少數(shù)的list[list]n.明細(xì)表，清單own[?un]v.擁有；自己的oxyacetylene[?pksi?'set?li:n]adj

.

氧乙炔(的)press[pres]n

.

壓(力)機(jī)，壓床supply[sa'plai]adj.提供，供給facility[f?'sil?ti]n.設(shè)備，裝置torch[to:t?]n

.

焊[

氣

，

割

]

炬生詞短語注解10-5

DiagnosticTesters專用診斷儀Diagnostic

testers

are

shown

in

Figure

10-37～Figure

10-39.診斷儀如圖10-37～圖10-39所示。VAS

5052Vohicde

DiognoshandServleelnformation

System!?:0

VAS

5052Figure

10-37AScanToolFigure

10-38An

EngineAnalyzerFigure

10-39

FactoryScanTools-VAS5052掃描儀

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分析儀

廠家掃描儀—VAS5052(大眾/奧迪公司)●administration[?dmini'streI?(?)n]n.管理本課新單詞

●application

[i?pli'keI?(?)n]n.應(yīng)[運(yùn)，使]用，(計(jì)算機(jī))應(yīng)用程序●diagnostic[idaieg'npstik]adj.診斷●

excess[1k'ses]n.超過，過度adj.超過的，過度的●factory['f?ktri]n.

工廠●function

['f?nkjn]n.

功能●

help

[h