第第頁浙江省杭州市拱墅區(qū)源清中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考英語試卷一、ALaterthismonth,TateBritainwillhostitsfirstVanGoghexhibitionsince1947.Herewe'veroundedup4ofhisbestpaintingsbeforetheshow,PotatoEatersPotatoEaterswasVanGogh'sfirstmajorworkand,despiteadistinctlackofcolour,itwasonethathewasmostproudof.Hisaimwastorepresentthedifficultiesofcountrylife,sothefarmersarepantedinearthytoneswithroughfacesandbonyhands.Hewasmoreconcernedwithconveyinghismessagethanachievingtechnicalperfectioninthispainting.IrisesVanGoghfinishedalmost142piecesduringhisstayintheSaintRemydeProvenceasylum(精神病院)wherehewasavoluntarypatientfrom1889to1890.Thispiecewasstartedshortlyafterhearrivedthere.Thehospitalgardenprovidedmuchinspirationfortheartistduringhisstaythere.Originally,theflowersinthisworkwerepaintedpurplebuttheredpigment(色素)fadedovertimeandhasnowturnedblue.CafeTerraceatNightDespitebeingpaintedmorethan130yearsago,thiscafestillexistsinFranceandhassincebeenrenamedtheCafeVanGogh.ThisartworkmarksthefirsttimeVanGogh'sfamouspost-impressionisticstar-filledskywasseeninapiece,anditwaspaintedontheground,inperson,ratherthanfrommemory.Whiletheartworkdoesn'tbearhissignature,it'swidelyknowntobeVanGogh's,ashementionedCaféTerraceatNightinanumberofhisletters.WheatFieldWithCypressesThispiecewasinspiredbytheviewfromVanGogh'sasylumwindowandwasfinishedonthespot.Theworkwasthetitleofthreepaintingsthatofferaninsightintohisstayatthehospital.VanGoghwassopleasedwiththesummerlandscapethathemadethreecopiesthere,oneofthesamesize-whichhangsintheNationalGalleryandtwosmallercopieswhichheplannedtogifttohismotherandsister.1．WhichpaintingdidVincentvanGoghtakemostpridein?A．Irises. B．PotatoEaters.C．CafeTerraceatNight D．WheatFieldWithCypresses.2．WhatistheoriginalcoloroftheflowersinIrises?A．Purple. B．Blue. C．Red. D．Yellow.3．Whatdothelasttwopaintingshaveincommon?A．Theywerethesameintheme. B．Theyhadmorethantwocopies.C．Theyweresoldbytheartist. D．Theywerepaintedontheground.二、BAninjuredhikerwasrescuedearlierthismonthafteratrainpassengerspottedherfromthewindow.Shewascrazilywavingontheothersideofariver,havingjustspenttwodaystrappedinthewildernesswithabrokenleg.Theridertoldthetraincrew,whothenreportedittothetraininspector,HenrySmith,whowasinamotorcarbehindthem.Henrywasabletostopandcommunicatewiththewomanontheoppositebankoftheriver,whichwasfreezingcoldandmovingquickly.Thehiker,awomaninhertwenties,hadbeenmissingfortwodays.Shesaidshe'dintendedtogoonadayhike,butendedupfalling90feetdownaclifffacewhiletryingtotakepictures.Shereportedlytoldrescuersthatshelostconsciousnessforanunknownamountoftime.Despiteabadlybrokenleg,shestruggledtopullherselftothebankoftherivertotrytoflagdowntrains.Shehadnoemergencysupplieswithher,orsuitableclothingtospendthenightoutdoors.Therehadbeenacoldattackwhilethewomanwastrappedinthewilderness.Thehikerdescribedspendingdaylighthourstryingtogettheattentionofpassingtrainsand,atnight,wouldrollherselfintoanearbyclifffaceinanattempttostaywarm.Henrycalledtorequesthelpforsearchandrescue.Theoperatorwhoreceivedtheemergencycallsaidthehiker'sfamilyhadbeenlookingforher.Whiletheywerewaitingfortherescueteam,NickandKylah,anengineerandafiremanonthenexttrainpassingbythelocation,cametohelp.327passengersonthetrainwaitedonthetrackastheycrossedtherivertoexaminethewoman'sinjuriesandbringemergencysupplies,blanketsandaradioforcommunication.Eventually,ahelicopterwassenttolocateandrescuethehikerandshewastransportedsafelytothehospital.4．Whofirstnoticedtheinjuredhiker?A．Atrainrider. B．HenrySmith.C．Thetraincrew. D．NickandKylah.5．Whatdoweknowaboutthewomanhiker?A．Shefelldowntheclifffaceaccidentally.B．Shespentdayandnightwavingforhelp.C．Shehadplannedatwo-dayhikeschedule.D．Shealwaysstayedconsciousinthewilderness.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Thehiker'sfamilyhadbeenagainsthergoinghiking.B．Henrysentahelicoptertolocateandrescuethehiker.C．NickandKylahweresentbythepolicetotherescue.D．Peopleonthenexttrainalsocontributedtotherescuework.7．Whichoffollowingwordsbestdescribethehiker?A．Energeticandgenerous. B．Responsibleandadmirable.C．Perseverantandhumorous. D．Adaptableandstrong-willed.三、CThereseemstobealotoftalkthesedaysaboutwhatisfair,andwhatisnot.Mostpeopletendtobelievelifeshouldbefair.Someofthe99%seemtobelievelifehassomehowtreatedthemunfairly,andsomeofthe1%feellifehasn'ttreatedthemfairlyenough.Myquestionsarethese:Whatisfairness?Islifefair?Shouldlifebefair?Weclearlyhavenochoiceabouthowwecomeintothisworld.Wehavelittlechoiceearlyinlife.Butaswegrowolder,choicesabound.Ihavelongbelievedthatwhilewehavenocontroloverthebeginningofourlife,themajorityofushavetheabilitytoinfluencetheoutcomesweattain.Fairnessisastateofmind,andmostoften,anunhealthystateofmind.Ourstateinlifecannot,oratleastshouldnot,beblamedonourparents,ourteachers,oroursociety—it'slargelybasedonthechoiceswemake,andtheattitudesweadopt.Lifeisfullofexamplesoftheuneducated,thementallyandphysicallychallengedpeoplebornintowar-tornareas,whocouldhavecomplainedaboutlifebeingunfair,butwhoinsteadchoseadifferentpath.Regardlessofthechallengestheyfaced,theyhadthecharactertochoosecontributionovercomplaint.Iagreethatchallengesexist.Iagreethatmanyhaveanuphillbattleduetotheseverityofthechallengestheyface.WhatIdisagreewithistheattempttousefairnesstosolveallproblemsintheworld.Rulesandordersdon'tcreatefairness,butpeople'sdesireanddeterminationcanworkaroundmostlifechallenges.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouarebornwithasilverspoon,plasticspoon,ornospoonatall.AfriendofminecametothiscountryfromAfricainhislateteens,barelyspokethelanguage,droveacabwhileworkinghiswaythroughcollege,andisnowthepresidentofatechnologyservicesfirm.Storiessuchasthisareallaroundus-theyarenotmiracles,noraretheytherareexception.Theydo,however,demonstrateblindnesstothemindsetofthefairness.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"abound"inParagraph2mean?A．Changefully. B．Remainthesame.C．Existinnumbers. D．Disappearcompletely.9．Whatopiniondoesthewriteragreewith?A．Mostofuscaninfluencetheresultsweachieve.B．Ourbackgrounddeterminesourchoices.C．People'sdesireanddeterminationcreateunfairness.D．Weshoulddependonfairnesstosolveallproblems.10．Whatistheprimarypurposeofthetext?A．Topromoteeffortsovercomplaint.B．Tostresstheimportanceoffairness.C．Toshareaninspiringstoryofafriend.D．Toprovethatfairnessisastateofmind.11．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．FairnessIsJustice B．LifeIsNotFair—DealWithItC．FairnessComesFirst D．FairnessCreatesChances四、DIsraelicompanyWatergenhasproducedadevicethatgeneratesclean,drinkablewateroutofair.ThedevicecalledGENNYissmallenoughtobeusedinahomeorofficebutcangenerateupto30litersofwateraday.ThewaterthatGENNYproducesisnotonlycleanenoughtodrink,it'salsooftencleanerthantapwater.GENNYtakesairinandpassesitthroughafilter(過濾器)toremovedustanddirt.Thefilterispowerfulenoughtoworkeveninareaswithhighairpollution.Theairthenpassesthroughachamberwhereheatingandcoolingcausewatervaporintheairtocondense(凝結(jié)).Thiswateristhenpassedthroughseveralmorefiltersandmineralsareaddedtomakeithealthierandtastebetter.Finally,thewaterisstoredinatankwhereitiscontinuallycirculatedtokeepitfresh.Alargermodel,calledtheGEN-350,canproduceupto900litersofwaterperday.TheGEN-350isnowbeingusedinhospitalsthatpreviouslydidnothaveareliablesourceoffresh,cleanwater.Watergenhasalsodevelopedanemergencyresponsevehicle(ERV)thatcancarryaGEN-350unitwhereveritisneeded.InadditiontotheGEN-350,theERVcarriesaportablegeneratorthatsupplieselectricityfortheGEN-350.Watergen'sERVisdesignedtobringwatertopeoplesufferingfromtheeffectsofaseriousearthquake,fire,floodorothersituations.OncesuchanincidentoccurredinCaliforniain2018.Afirestartedatacampsiteandspreadquicklyoverawidearea,destroyingmanythousandsofacresoftreesandmanyhomes.OneofWatergen'sERVswasdriventhereanditprovidedwaterforitscitizensandrescueworkers.Besides,theyalsoprovidedcleansafewaterfortheresidentsofTexasandFloridaintheaftermathofthedevastationcausedbyhurricane'sHarveyandIrma.12．WhatcanweknowaboutWatergen'sdevices?A．They'reavailableindifferentsizes.B．They'remadeinnumerouscountries.C．They'reextremelydifficulttooperate.D．Theyproducelesswaterinpollutedregions.13．TheGENNYaddsmineralsto.A．keepthewaterfreshandcleanB．meetthewatersafetycriteriaC．removedustanddirtfromthewaterD．improvetheflavorofthewater14．WhatcanWatergendousingitsERV?A．Dealwithcustomers'complaints.B．Outperformitscompetitors.C．Supplyelectricityforlocalpeople.D．Respondtonaturaldisasters.15．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．ToadvertiseanIsraelicompany.B．TointroduceanIsraeliwaterdevice.C．Toexplaintheprinciplesofpurifyingwater.D．Torecommendanewbrandofdrinkingwater.五、閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。EfficientwaystoimproveyourspeechFinditdifficulttomakeawonderfulspeechinpublic?16．UsemorefacialexpressionsOnepsychologistfeelsthatourfacialexpressionisresponsiblemorethananythingelsefortheimpressionothershaveofus.Asmileinwhichtheeyesparticipateisextremelycommunicative.17．Peopletendtomirroryourexpression,sotrytoshowhowyoufeelaboutatopicoranideathroughyourfacialexpression.Getridofyourinnerfear18．Thewaytohandleitistoputittoworkforyou,getintoaction,asShakespeareobserved,actioncuresfear.Thefirstistoadmitit.Dothethingyoufearanditwillbethedeathoffearitself.Anothersimpleaidatthelastminutebeforeyoubegin,istotakeafewdeepbreaths.Thiswillhelpgetthebutterfliesinformationandalsokeepyourvoiceundercontrol.PolishyourvoiceOurvoiceisthemaininstrumentwepossessforcommunicatingwithpeople.Soinvestinataperecorder,practiceyourspeechbyspeakingitintothemicrophoneandthenlistentoit.Youcanevenhaveothersjoinintheevaluationofyourstrongpointsandyourweaknessesorfaultsaswell.Simplyreadinganewspaper,amagazineorstoriestoyourchildrenoutloudcanhelp.19．StrengthenyourmemoryPsychologiststellusthatmostindividualsdon'tuseabovetenpercentoftheirinherentcapacityformemory.Howtoenhancethepowerofmemory?First,haveaburningdesiretoremember.It'sdifficulttorecallanythingwithoutwantingtodoso.20．Oursuccessdependsgreatlyonourabilitytoconcentrate.Thenextprincipleisrepetition,welearnedmanythingsinschoolbyrepetition.A.Stepnumbertwoisconcentration.B.Afrownoftenbringsthesamethinginreturn.C.Herearesomeefficientwaystoimproveyourspeech.D.Youremphasis,pausing,paceandevenpitchcanimprove.E.Readingaloudcannotnecessarilyhelpyoudevelopapersonalstyle.F.Themoreassociationsyoumakewiththebrain,theeasieritbecomes.G.It'snaturaltohavesometensionwhenyouappearbeforeanaudience.六、閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupcomedian.I'vealwaysbeenaperformerbutthatcametoanendafter9/11.Forayearafterwards,nobodywantedtogooutorbe21．.ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutcomedy.I22．peopleneededtolaughagainandthoughtwithalittle23．Icoulddoit.Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine,andfinallygatheredthe24．a(chǎn)ndwalkedonstage.Thatfirsttimewas25．,forIhadnoideawhattheaudiencewouldmakeofme.InNewYork,comediansaretypicallyyoungmen.It'shardto26．a(chǎn)sawoman,evenharderassomeone27．enoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,theywereclearly28．toseeme.Iintroducedmyself,29．myageandtriedmyfirstjoke.Therewas30．.ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewerelaughing.Eventoday,I'm31．beforeIstepout.Myfirstlineis,"Hello,everybody.I'm88yearsold.I'mtellingyouthat32．Idon'tmakeitallthewaythroughtheshow."ThenpeoplelaughandI33．.Afterashow,peoplecomeuptome,sayingwhata(n)34．Iam.Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhentheyreachmy35．.I'mpleasedtoshowasanolderpersonyoudon'tneedtotakeabackseatinlife.21．A．fooled B．defeated C．entertained D．recognized22．A．remembered B．realized C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．confirmed23．A．energy B．money C．talent D．training24．A．supplies B．courage C．thoughts D．information25．A．scary B．joyful C．boring D．funny26．A．growup B．comeback C．showoff D．breakthrough27．A．old B．wise C．kind D．serious28．A．a(chǎn)fraid B．eager C．surprised D．delighted29．A．hid B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．stated D．calculated30．A．wonder B．silence C．panic D．a(chǎn)pplause31．A．depressed B．excited C．cautious D．nervous32．A．sothat B．incase C．evenif D．nowthat33．A．relax B．cry C．cease D．dance34．A．exception B．champion C．pioneer D．inspiration35．A．goal B．potential C．a(chǎn)ge D．standard七、第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)中文或首字母，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。EatingChinesefoodcanbe36．(benefit)foryourhealth.Chinesedishesareoftenpackedwithvegetables,leanproteins,andhealthygrainslikericeandnoodles,which37．(make)themagreatsourceofvitamins,nutrients,andotheressential38．(mineral).Chinesefoodisoftenthoughtofasasingletypeofcuisine,39．thereareactuallymanydifferentregionalvariations.Cantonesecuisine40．(characterize)bylightandflavorfuldishesthatoftencontainseafoodwhileSichuandishesareknown41．heirspicy(辛辣的)flavorings.Hunancuisineistypically42．(heavy)thanothers,incorporatingingredientslikechiliesandgarlic.Inconclusion,eatingChinesefoodcanbeanutritiousandeconomicway43．(get)avarietyofflavorsandtexturesonyourplate.Withalittlebitofresearchandknowledge,youcanenjoyallthedeliciousflavorsofChinesecuisinein44．healthyandsafeway.Sodon'tbeafraidtoexploretheworldofChinesefoodanddiscoverallthe45．(wonder)tastesithastooffer!八、第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46．假定你是李華，你的外國朋友John想?yún)⒓幽銈儗W(xué)校即將舉辦的關(guān)于中國非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)(intangibleculturalheritage)的講座，來信向你咨詢講座情況。請寫一封回信，內(nèi)容包括：1.時間地點(diǎn)；2.講座內(nèi)容；3.注意事項。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearJohn,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua九、第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。JuliaalwaysenjoyedrunningthroughTheDarkWalktowardsthelightattheendofit.Itwasadark,damptunnel(隧道)madeofsmoothbranches.Thisyearshehadtheextrajoyofshowingittohersmallbrother,Stephen,andterrifyinghimaswellasherself.Onedaytheyfoundaholeononesideofthewalk.Insidetherewaswater,inwhichtheyperceivedapantingtrout(喘息的鱒魚).Theywerebothsoexcitedthattheywerenolongerafraidofthedarknessastheybentdownandpeeredatthefishpantinginhistinyprison,hissilverstomachgoingupanddownlikeanengine;otherwisehewasmotionless.Juliawonderedwhatheateandthoughtofhishunger.Shefoundhimaworm.Heignoredthefood,andjustwentonpanting.Bendingoverhim,shethoughthowhehadbeeninthere.Allthewinter,inthedarktunnel,allday,allnight,floatingaroundalone.Nobodyknewhowthefishgotthere.Hermothersuggestedthatabirdhadcarriedtheegg.Herfatherthoughtthatinthewinterasmallstreammighthavecarrieditdownthereasababy,andithasbeensafeuntilsummercameandthewaterbegantodryup.Beforetheywenttobed,Stephenaskedhismummythewholestoryofthetrout,notreallyinterestedintheactualtrout,butinthestorywhichhismumbegantomakeupforhim,andJulia,inherbed,presentedherbacktothemandreadherbook.Butshekeptoneearcocked."Andso,intheend,thisnaughtyfishgotbiggerandbigger,andthewatergotsmallerandsmaller..."Passionately,sheturnedaroundandcried,"Mummy,don'tmakeitahorribleoldmoralstory.Hermomevenbroughtinafairy(仙子),whohadmadeitrainandfilledthehole,sothatthetroutcouldfloatawaydowntotheriverbelow.Staringatthemoonsheknewtherewasnosuchthingasafairyandthattrout,downinthetunnel,waspantingforhislife.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。ShesatupinthesilentnightandStephenwassoundasleep.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Juliapouredthetroutoutofthepotintotheriver.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．A3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了梵高的四幅代表作。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題這種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意通過關(guān)鍵詞從文中尋找答案。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二自然段"PotatoEaterswasVanGogh'sfirstmajorworkand,despiteadistinctlackofcolour,itwasonethathewasmostproudof.《吃土豆的人》是梵高的第一部主要作品，盡管明顯缺乏色彩，但這是他最引以為傲的作品"可知，梵高最引以為豪的是《吃土豆的人》。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三自然段"Originally,theflowersinthisworkwerepaintedpurplebuttheredpigment(色素)fadedovertimeandhasnowturnedblue.最初，這幅作品中的花被涂成紫色，但紅色顏料隨著時間的推移，顏色逐漸變藍(lán)"可知，Irises這幅作品中的花最初是紫色的。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段"ThisartworkmarksthefirsttimeVanGogh'sfamouspost-impressionisticstar-filledskywasseeninapiece,anditwaspaintedontheground,inperson,ratherthanfrommemory.這幅作品標(biāo)志著梵高著名的后印象派星空第一次出現(xiàn)在一幅作品中，它是在地面上親自繪制的，而不是從記憶中繪制的"和最后一段"ThispiecewasinspiredbytheviewfromVanGogh'sasylumwindowandwasfinishedonthespot.這件作品的靈感來自梵高避難窗口的景色，并在現(xiàn)場完成"可知，這兩幅畫都是現(xiàn)場寫生的。ontheground/spot(當(dāng)場)。故選D?！敬鸢浮?．A5．A6．D7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述一名受傷的徒步旅行者被一名火車乘客從窗口發(fā)現(xiàn)后獲救。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題和推斷題兩種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意通過關(guān)鍵詞從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要對已有信息進(jìn)行加工處理，推斷出需要的信息。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Aninjuredhikerwasrescuedearlierthismonthafteratrainpassengerspottedherfromthewindow.本月早些時候，一名受傷的徒步旅行者被一名火車乘客從窗口發(fā)現(xiàn)后獲救"和第二段"Theridertoldthetraincrew,whothenreportedittothetraininspector,HenrySmith,whowasinamotorcarbehindthem.這名乘客告訴了列車員，列車員隨后向坐在他們后面一輛汽車?yán)锏牧熊噯T亨利·史密斯報告了這件事"可知，火車乘客首先注意到受傷的徒步旅行者。故選A。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Shesaidshe'dintendedtogoonadayhike,butendedupfalling90feetdownaclifffacewhiletryingtotakepictures.她說，她原本打算進(jìn)行一天的徒步旅行，但在試圖拍照時從90英尺高的懸崖上掉了下來"可知，女徒步旅行者不小心從懸崖上掉了下來。故選A。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Whiletheywerewaitingfortherescueteam,NickandKylah,anengineerandafiremanonthenexttrainpassingbythelocation,cametohelp.327passengersonthetrainwaitedonthetrackastheycrossedtherivertoexaminethewoman'sinjuriesandbringemergencysupplies,blanketsandaradioforcommunication.當(dāng)他們在等待救援隊的時候，尼克和凱拉，一名工程師和一名消防員，在經(jīng)過這個地點(diǎn)的下一輛火車上，過來幫忙?；疖嚿系?27名乘客在鐵軌上等待，他們過河檢查該女子的傷勢，并帶上應(yīng)急用品、毯子和一臺無線電通信設(shè)備"可推斷，下一班火車上的人也為救援工作做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Despiteabadlybrokenleg,shestruggledtopullherselftothebankoftherivertotrytoflagdowntrains.Shehadnoemergencysupplieswithher,orsuitableclothingtospendthenightoutdoors.Therehadbeenacoldattackwhilethewomanwastrappedinthewilderness.Thehikerdescribedspendingdaylighthourstryingtogettheattentionofpassingtrainsand,atnight,wouldrollherselfintoanearbyclifffaceinanattempttostaywarm.盡管她的腿嚴(yán)重骨折，她還是掙扎著把自己拉到河岸，試圖讓火車停下。她身上沒有應(yīng)急用品，也沒有適合在戶外過夜的衣服。當(dāng)那個女人被困在荒野時，有一場寒冷襲擊。這位徒步旅行者描述說，白天的時候，她會試圖引起過往火車的注意，晚上，她會把自己滾到附近的懸崖上，以保持溫暖"可推斷，這位女徒步旅行者適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)，并且意志堅強(qiáng)。故選D。【答案】8．C9．A10．A11．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。作者討論了公平問題，闡述了人生沒有絕對的公平，但要勇敢面對不公平的道理。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。詞句猜測題、推斷題、和主旨題都是?？碱}型。詞義猜測題需要對已有信息進(jìn)行加工處理，利用上下文、表示轉(zhuǎn)折、并列或因果的詞、定語從句等信息推斷出詞的意思；推斷題需要考生根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)合語境推斷出所需要的信息；主旨題則需要考生掌握全文結(jié)構(gòu)和行文脈絡(luò)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注每段的中心句或首句，利用關(guān)鍵詞獲取主旨大意。8．詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前文"Wehavelittlechoiceearlyinlife.我們在人生的初期幾乎沒有選擇"說明人生的初期沒有選擇，相對而言，人生的后期就有了選擇，從而推知劃線詞句"Butaswegrowolder,choicesabound.但隨著年齡的增長，我們的選擇abound"其中劃線詞匯應(yīng)為"有了（選擇），有更多（的選擇）"的意思，選項C"大量存在"與之意義最為接近。故選C。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中"Ihavelongbelievedthatwhilewehavenocontroloverthebeginningofourlife,themajorityofushavetheabilitytoinfluencetheoutcomesweattain我一直相信，雖然我們無法控制生命的開始，但我們大多數(shù)人都有能力影響我們所取得的結(jié)果"可知，作者認(rèn)為我們大多數(shù)人都能影響我們所取得的結(jié)果。故選A。10．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第三段中"Regardlessofthechallengestheyfaced,theyhadthecharactertochoosecontributionovercomplaint.不管他們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是什么，他們都有選擇貢獻(xiàn)而不是抱怨的品格"可知，文章的主要目的是要告訴人們要努力進(jìn)取而不是抱怨。故選A。11．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)最后一段中"Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouarebornwithasilverspoon,plasticspoon,ornospoonatall無論你是含著銀湯匙，塑料湯匙，還是根本沒有湯匙出生的都沒關(guān)系"以及"Storiessuchasthisareallaroundus-theyarenotmiracles,noraretheytherareexception.Theydo,however,demonstrateblindnesstothemindsetofthefairness.這樣的故事在我們身邊隨處可見——它們不是奇跡，也不是罕見的例外。然而，他們卻確實(shí)證明了他們對公平思維模式的無視"等內(nèi)容可知，本文用身邊的事例闡述了人生中沒有絕對的公平，但我們要勇敢面對不公平的道理。選項B符合文章主題，故選B?！敬鸢浮?2．A13．D14．D15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了以色列Watergen公司生產(chǎn)的一種裝置，可以從空氣中產(chǎn)生清潔的飲用水。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題和推斷題兩種常考題型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意通過關(guān)鍵詞從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要對已有信息進(jìn)行加工處理，推斷出需要的信息。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句"ThedevicecalledGENNYissmallenoughtobeusedinahomeorofficebutcangenerateupto30litersofwateraday.這種名為GENNY的設(shè)備很小，可以在家庭或辦公室使用，但每天可以產(chǎn)生30升水"和第三段關(guān)鍵句"Alargermodel,calledtheGEN-350,canproduceupto900litersofwaterperday.一種更大的型號，稱為GEN-350，每天可以生產(chǎn)多達(dá)900升的水"可知，Watergen的設(shè)備有不同的尺寸，有每天可以產(chǎn)生30升水的GENNY，也有一種更大的型號，被稱為GEN-350，每天可以生產(chǎn)多達(dá)900升的水，由此可知，Watergen的設(shè)備有不同的尺寸。故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句"Thiswateristhenpassedthroughseveralmorefiltersandmineralsareaddedtomakeithealthierandtastebetter.然后，這些水再經(jīng)過幾個過濾器，加入礦物質(zhì)，使其更健康，味道更好"可知，在水中加入礦物質(zhì)，是為了使其更健康，味道更好，由此可知，GENNY添加礦物質(zhì)是為了改善水的味道。故選D。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句"Watergen'sERVisdesignedtobringwatertopeoplesufferingfromtheeffectsofaseriousearthquake,fire,floodorothersituations.Watergen的ERV旨在為遭受嚴(yán)重地震、火災(zāi)、洪水或其他情況影響的人們供水"可知，Watergen可以使用ERV為遭受地震、火災(zāi)、洪水或其他自然災(zāi)害影響的人們供水，由此可知，Watergen可以使用ERV應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害。故選D。15．推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段關(guān)鍵句"IsraelicompanyWatergenhasproducedadevicethatgeneratesclean,drinkablewateroutofair.以色列Watergen公司生產(chǎn)了一種從空氣中產(chǎn)生清潔飲用水的裝置"可知，本文主要介紹了以色列Watergen公司生產(chǎn)的一種裝置，可以從空氣中產(chǎn)生清潔飲用水，由此可知，本文的目的是介紹一種以色列的水設(shè)備。故選B?！敬鸢浮?6．C；17．B；18．G；19．D；20．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四種能夠提高演講能力的有效方法：使用更多的面部表情；擺脫內(nèi)心的恐懼；改善說話的聲音；加強(qiáng)記憶。

A.第二步是集中注意力。

B.皺眉往往會招致同樣的反應(yīng)。

C.以下是一些能夠有效提升您演講水平的方法。

D.你的語氣、停頓、語速以及語調(diào)都可以加以改進(jìn)。

E.大聲朗讀未必能幫助你形成個人風(fēng)格。

F.你與大腦建立的聯(lián)系越多，就越容易做到。

G.當(dāng)你面對觀眾時，難免會有些緊張是正常的。

【點(diǎn)評】七選五的答案選項較少，并且給出的都是句子，因此，我們可以通過句子的完整性或者句子后面的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號來判斷該句在文章中的位置。另外，通過閱讀選項，有可能找出跟其他選項表達(dá)完全不同意思的句子，這樣的話我們就可以直接將該選項排除。16．上文"Finditdifficulttomakeawonderfulspeechinpublic?覺得在公共場合發(fā)表精彩演講很難嗎？"引出話題"演講很難"；同時結(jié)合后文的四個小標(biāo)題"Usemorefacialexpressions使用更多的面部表情"、"Getridofyourinnerfear擺脫內(nèi)心的恐懼"、"Polishyourvoice改善說話的聲音"和"Strengthenyourmemory加強(qiáng)記憶"可知，后文在講述提高演講的幾種具體方法，故此處空格的內(nèi)容應(yīng)起到承上啟下的作用，C選項"Herearesomeefficientwaystoimproveyourspeech.以下是一些提高演講水平的有效方法"符合語境。故選C。17．由第二段的小標(biāo)題"Usemorefacialexpressions使用更多的面部表情"、上文"Asmileinwhichtheeyesparticipateisextremelycommunicative.蘊(yùn)含眼神的微笑非常具有交流性"和后文"Peopletendtomirroryourexpression,sotrytoshowhowyoufeelaboutatopicoranideathroughyourfacialexpression.人們傾向于表達(dá)和你一樣的表情，所以試著通過你的面部表情來表達(dá)你對某個話題或想法的感覺"可知，本段主要講述面部表情在演講中的重要性。B選項"Afrownoftenbringsthesamethinginreturn.皺眉往往也會帶來同樣的回報"中的"Afrown"也是面部表情，并與上文的"Asmile"相對應(yīng)，符合語境。故選B。18．由第三段的小標(biāo)題"Getridofyourinnerfear擺脫內(nèi)心的恐懼"和后文"Thewaytohandleitistoputittoworkforyou,getintoaction,asShakespeareobserved,actioncuresfear.處理它的方法是讓它為你工作，付諸行動，正如莎士比亞所說，行動可以治愈恐懼"可知，此段主要講述如何擺脫內(nèi)心的恐懼。G選項"It'snaturaltohavesometensionwhenyouappearbeforeanaudience.當(dāng)你出現(xiàn)在觀眾面前時，很自然會有一些緊張"中的tension就是后文中it所指代的內(nèi)容，與fear表達(dá)的意思一致，放在句首用于引出后文，符合語境。故選G。19．由第四段小標(biāo)題"Polishyourvoice改善說話的聲音"和上文"Ourvoiceisthemaininstrumentwepossessforcommunicatingwithpeople我們的聲音是我們與人交流的主要工具"與"Simplyreadinganewspaper,amagazineorstoriestoyourchildrenoutloudcanhelp.只需大聲給孩子讀報紙、雜志或故事就可以了"可知，本段主要講的是如何改善說話的聲音，D選項"Youremphasis,pausing,paceandevenpitchcanimprove.你的重點(diǎn)、停頓、速度甚至音高都可以提高"承接上文，表示通過前文的給孩子大聲讀報紙、講故事等方式可以提高說話的重點(diǎn)、停頓等，符合語境。故選D。20．由第五段小標(biāo)題"Strengthenyourmemory加強(qiáng)記憶"和上文"First,haveaburningdesiretoremember.It'sdifficulttorecallanythingwithoutwantingtodoso.首先，有一種強(qiáng)烈的記憶欲望。如果沒有記憶的欲望那回憶東西是很難的"可知，本段主要講述如何加強(qiáng)記憶，上文中的First表示第一點(diǎn)，又因后文"Oursuccessdependsgreatlyonourabilitytoconcentrate.我們的成功很大程度上取決于我們的專注能力"與上文表述內(nèi)容不一致，說明此處講的是另外一點(diǎn)，A選項"Stepnumbertwoisconcentration.第二步就是專心致志"承接上文，Stepnumbertwo是First的順延，同時concentration又與后文中的concentrate相對應(yīng)，符合語境。故選A。【答案】21．C；22．B；23．D；24．B；25．A；26．D；27．A；28．C；29．C；30．B；31．D；32．B；33．A；34．D；35．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者作為一名喜劇演員，在老年時期重新開始了表演生涯的經(jīng)歷。盡管面對年齡和性別上的挑戰(zhàn)，她通過勇氣和決心克服了困難，并贏得了觀眾的喜愛和尊重。

【點(diǎn)評】考查完形填空。答題時首先要跳過空格，通讀文章掌握大意。然后細(xì)讀文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考慮句型、語法、搭配、語境等因素。最后通讀一遍檢查驗證。21．句意：在那之后的一年里，沒有人愿意外出或娛樂。A.fooled欺騙；B.defeated擊?。籆.entertained娛樂；D.recognized認(rèn)出。根據(jù)上文"I'vealwaysbeenaperformerbutthatcametoanendafter9/11.我一直都是個表演者，但9·11事件之后這一切就結(jié)束了"可推知，911恐怖襲擊后人們回避外出或娛樂活動。故選C。22．句意：我意識到人們需要再