四大語言類考試題及答案

一、填空題（每題2分，共20分）1.Theprocessofconvertinghigh-levellanguagecodeintomachinecodeisknownas________.2.InPython,thekeywordusedtodefineafunctionis________.3.Thefundamentalunitofdatainarelationaldatabaseisa________.4.A________isalogicalgroupingofrelatedtablesinadatabase.5.TheSQLkeywordusedtoselectdatafromadatabaseis________.6.InJava,themethodusedtoexecuteablockofcodeasynchronouslyis________.7.Thetermusedtodescribetheprocessofbreakingdownaproblemintosmallersubproblemsis________.8.A________isadatastructurethatstoreselementsinahierarchicalmanner.9.Theprocessofverifyingthecorrectnessofaprogramisknownas________.10.Theconceptofencapsulationinobject-orientedprogrammingisachievedthrough________.二、判斷題（每題2分，共20分）1.Pythonisaninterpretedlanguage.(True/False)2.Adatabaseindeximprovestheperformanceofdatabasequeries.(True/False)3.InJava,the'static'keywordisusedtodefinestaticmethods.(True/False)4.Recursionisatechniqueusedindivideandconqueralgorithms.(True/False)5.AstackisalineardatastructurethatfollowstheLIFO(Last-In-First-Out)principle.(True/False)6.Theprocessofconvertingahigh-levellanguageprogramintomachinecodeisknownascompilation.(True/False)7.InSQL,the'WHERE'clauseisusedtofilterdatabasedonspecifiedconditions.(True/False)8.Inobject-orientedprogramming,inheritanceallowsaclasstoinheritpropertiesandmethodsfromanotherclass.(True/False)9.Adatabasetransactionisasequenceofdatabaseoperationsthataretreatedasasingleunitofwork.(True/False)10.Theconceptofpolymorphisminobject-orientedprogrammingallowsobjectsofdifferentclassestobetreatedasobjectsofacommonsuperclass.(True/False)三、選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingisahigh-levelprogramminglanguage?a)AssemblyLanguageb)MachineLanguagec)C++d)BinaryCode2.WhichkeywordisusedtodefineaclassinPython?a)functionb)classc)defd)struct3.Whatisthepurposeofadatabaseindex?a)Tostoredatainahierarchicalmannerb)Toimprovetheperformanceofdatabasequeriesc)Todefinerelationshipsbetweentablesd)Toencryptsensitivedata4.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofarelationaldatabase?a)XMLb)JSONc)MySQLd)HTML5.WhatisthedefaultaccessmodifierforclassmembersinJava?a)publicb)privatec)protectedd)package-private6.WhichofthefollowingsortingalgorithmshasatimecomplexityofO(n^2)?a)MergeSortb)QuickSortc)BubbleSortd)BinarySearch7.Whatistheprocessofconvertingahigh-levellanguageprogramintomachinecodecalled?a)Interpretationb)Compilationc)Translationd)InterpretationandCompilation8.Whichofthefollowingisadisadvantageofusingastackdatastructure?a)Itcanonlystoreafixednumberofelementsb)Ithasaslowaccesstimec)Itisnotsuitableforimplementingalgorithmsd)Itdoesnotallowduplicateelements9.Whatisthepurposeofthe'WHERE'clauseinSQL?a)Tosortdatainascendingorderb)Tofilterdatabasedonspecifiedconditionsc)Tojoinmultipletablesd)Todeletedatafromatable10.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofobject-orientedprogramming?a)Modularityb)Encapsulationc)Abstractiond)Alloftheabove四、簡答題（每題5分，共20分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweencompilationandinterpretationinprogramminglanguages.2.Describetheconceptofencapsulationinobject-orientedprogrammingandprovideanexample.3.Whatisadatabasetransaction,andwhyisitimportantindatabasemanagementsystems?4.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingastackdatastructure.五、討論題（每題5分，共20分）1.Compareandcontrastthecharacteristicsofhigh-levelprogramminglanguagesandlow-levelprogramminglanguages.2.Explainthepurposeofadatabaseindexandhowitimprovestheperformanceofdatabasequeries.3.Discusstheroleofrecursioninalgorithmdesignandprovideanexampleofaproblemthatcanbesolvedusingrecursion.4.Analyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusinginheritanceinobject-orientedprogramming.答案和解析：一、填空題答案1.compilation2.def3.record4.databaseschema5.SELECT6.async7.divideandconquer8.tree9.debugging10.accessmodifiers二、判斷題答案1.True2.True3.True4.True5.True6.True7.True8.True9.True10.True三、選擇題答案1.c)C++2.b)class3.b)Toimprovetheperformanceofdatabasequeries4.c)MySQL5.d)package-private6.c)BubbleSort7.b)Compilation8.a)Itcanonlystoreafixednumberofelements9.b)Tofilterdatabasedonspecifiedconditions10.d)Alloftheabove四、簡答題答案1.Compilationistheprocessofconvertinghigh-levellanguagecodeintomachinecodebeforeexecution,whileinterpretationistheprocessofexecutinghigh-levellanguagecodelinebyline.Compilationresultsinanexecutablefile,whileinterpretationdoesnotrequireaseparatecompilationstep.2.Encapsulationistheconceptofbundlingdataandmethodstogetherwithinaclass,andhidingtheinternalimplementationdetailsfromtheoutside.Itisachievedthroughaccessmodifiers,suchaspublic,private,andprotected.Example:Inaclass'Car',thedatamembers'color'and'model'canbeprivate,andthemethod'drive()'canbepublictoprovidecontrolledaccesstothecar'spropertiesandfunctionalities.3.Adatabasetransactionisasequenceofdatabaseoperationsthataretreatedasasingleunitofwork.Itensuresthateitheralltheoperationswithinthetransactionaresuccessfullycompleted,ornoneofthemare.Transactionsareimportantindatabasemanagementsystemstomaintaindataintegrityandconsistency,especiallyinscenarioswheremultipleoperationsneedtobeperformedtogether.4.Advantagesofusingastackdatastructure:Simpletoimplement,efficientforlast-in-first-out(LIFO)operations,andusefulforalgorithmslikedepth-firstsearch.Disadvantages:Limitedsize,inefficientforrandomaccess,andcanleadtostackoverflowifthestacksizeisexceeded.五、討論題答案1.High-levelprogramminglanguagesaredesignedtobemorehuman-readableandabstractedfrommachinecode,makingthemeasiertolearnanduse.Theyprovidefeatureslikevariables,loops,andfunctions,andareplatform-independent.Low-levelprogramminglanguages,suchasassemblylanguageandmachinelanguage,areclosertomachinecodeandprovidemorecontroloverhardwareresources.Theyaremoredifficulttolearnanduse,andareplatform-dependent.2.Adatabaseindexisadatastructurethatimprovestheperformanceofdatabasequeriesbyallowingfasterretrievalofdatabasedonspecifiedcolumns.Itworkslikeabookindex,providingquickaccesstospecificinformation.Indexescanbecreatedononeormorecolumnsofatable,andtheystorethevaluesoftheindexedcolumnsalongwithpointerstothecorrespondingrowsinthetable.ThisreducesthenumberofdiskI/Ooperationsrequiredtoretrievedata,resultinginfasterqueryexecution.3.Recursionisaprogrammingtechniquewhereafunctioncallsitselftosolveaproblem.Itisusefulinalgorithmdesignwhenaproblemcanbebrokendownintosmaller,similarsubproblems.Example:TheTowerofHan