高二英語(yǔ)（試卷滿分：150分考試用時(shí)：120分鐘）考生注意：1.本試卷分四部分，共8頁(yè)。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內(nèi)項(xiàng)目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；非選擇題請(qǐng)用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無(wú)效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）回答聽力部分時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到客觀題答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatwillthespeakersdoonThursday?A.Playfootball.B.Watchamovie.C.Gohiking.2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Placeanorder.B.Designauniform.C.Formateam.3.WhatisSally’sfavoritecity?A.Paris.B.Madrid.C.Venice.4.Wherewillthespeakersgo?A.Toacafe.B.Toadessertshop.C.Toabookstore.5.WhatrelationisMr.Gomeztotheman?A.Histeacher.B.Hisclient.C.Hisboss.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Drivingacar.B.Repairingacar.C.Borrowingacar.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Confused.B.Hesitant.C.Confident.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Ajobcandidate.B.Anewworkmate.C.Travelarrangements.9.HowdoesStevenJohnsonimpresstheman?A.Byhisworkingexperiences.B.Byhismunicationskills.C.Byhisinternationalbackground.10.WhenwillthespeakersmeetStevenJohnson?A.Tomorrow.B.Nextweek.C.Theweekafternext.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatwillthemandoonMonday?A.Attendameeting.B.Packhisbelongings.C.Startanewposition.12.Whatisthemanbusydoingnow?A.Movingtohisnewoffice.B.Checkingoffofficesupplies.C.Preparingforapromotioncampaign.13.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodo?A.Reviewanexpensereport.B.Providethemanwithsupplies.C.Arrangeapanycelebration.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wherewilltheeventtakeplace?A.Atacoffeeshop.B.Atamusichall.C.Atapark.15.Whydidthewomanchoosethelocation?A.It’sprivate.B.It’sfamilyfriendly.C.It’srequestedbythecharity.16.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Contactsomebands.B.Contributesomemoney.C.Organizesomeactivities.17.Whatistheevent’spurpose?A.Tohearsomelivemusic.B.Tohelpananimalshelter.C.Tohavesomefamilyfun.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhydidthespeakerlearnArabic?A.ShewantedtostudyinCairo.B.Shewasinspiredbyherteacher.C.Shebecameinterestedintheculture.19.Whatisthebiggestchallengeforthespeaker?A.Sufferingfromcultureshock.B.Findingahotelandacmodation.C.MasteringwrittenandspokenArabic.20.Whatexcitesthespeakermost?A.Beinginvitedtoalocalmeal.B.Shoppingatalocalmarket.C.Gettingtoknowthelocals.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ACitiesarewherethemajorityofthepopulationlives.Also,90percentofglobalGDPisgeneratedinurbanareas.Alltheessentialnecessitiesneededforahumansettlement—energy,transport,water,shelter,food,constructionmaterials,greenandpublicspaces,wastemanagement—etogetherinurbanareas.Sothere’sanopportunitytotransformthesesystems.Youcanthinkaboutgettingtonetzerofromasupply—sidepart—usingrenewable,orgreen,energyforpowersupplyandtransport—whichiswhatIthinkdominatestheconversation.Buttogettonetzero,youneedtoalsoshapethedemand,orconsumptionside:reducethedemandforenergy.Butwehaven’tdoneenoughresearchtounderstandwhatpoliciesandurbandesignshelpreducedemandincities.Mostnationalplansfocuslargelyonthesupplyside.Youalsoneedtofigureoutwaystocreatecarbonsinks:thatis,removecarbonfromtheatmospheretohelpoffsetthegreenhousegasemissions(排放)fromburningfossilfuelsThesethree—renewableenergysupply,demandreductionthroughefficienturbandesignandlifestylechanges,andcarbonsinks—arethebroadstrategiestogettonetzero.Howcanacitytackledemand?Reducingdemandforenergycanbethroughefficiency—usinglessenergyforthesameservices.Thiscanbedonethroughbetterland—useplanning,andthroughbehaviorandlifestylechanges.Transportationisagreatexample.Somuchenergyisspentinmovingpeople,andmostofthatpersonalmobilityhappensincities.Butbetterurbanplanningcanreducevehicletravelsubstantially.Mitigatingsprawl(緩解城市蔓延)isoneofthebiggestwaystoreducedemandfortravelandthusreducetravelemissions.InIndia,forexample,Ahmedabadhasplannedbettertoreduceurbansprawl,paredtoBangalore,wheresprawlishuge.1.Whatistheauthor’sadviceaboutnetzerobesidesusingrenewables?A.Limitourneedforsources. B.Addmorewastemanagement.C.Focuslessonthesupplyside. D.Planttreesaroundsettlements.2.WhatdoheatandO3belongto?A.Indirecteffectofhumandrivenandnaturalactivities.B.Byproductsofwastesthrownbypeopleinsettlements.C.GasesproducedbymaterialsandenergyfromexportsD.Naturalsourcesgainedfromtherenewablematerials3.Ahmedabadisanexamplefor________.A.hugesprawl B.lessvehicletravelC.muchenergyconsumption D.efficientlanduseplanning【答案】1.A2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要圍繞城市實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零排放的策略展開，指出除了供應(yīng)側(cè)的可再生能源使用，還需關(guān)注需求側(cè)的能源消耗減少及碳匯創(chuàng)造，并以交通領(lǐng)域?yàn)槔f(shuō)明高效城市規(guī)劃的重要性?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Buttogettonetzero,youneedtoalsoshapethedemand,orconsumptionside:reducethedemandforenergy.(但要實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零排放，你還需要調(diào)整需求側(cè)或消費(fèi)側(cè)：減少能源需求。)”可知，作者除了建議使用可再生能源（供應(yīng)側(cè)），還建議減少對(duì)能源的需求，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖示以及Drivenbyhumandrivenactivities(人類活動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng))；Drivenbynaturalprocesses(自然過(guò)程驅(qū)動(dòng))；Indirecteffects(間接影響)可知，熱量與臭氧（O?）屬于人類活動(dòng)與自然活動(dòng)的間接影響。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butbetterurbanplanningcanreducevehicletravelsubstantially.Mitigatingsprawl(緩解城市蔓延)isoneofthebiggestwaystoreducedemandfortravelandthusreducetravelemissions.InIndia,forexample,Ahmedabadhasplannedbettertoreduceurbansprawl,paredtoBangalore,wheresprawlishuge.(但更合理的城市規(guī)劃能大幅減少機(jī)動(dòng)車出行。緩解城市蔓延是降低出行需求、進(jìn)而減少交通排放的最關(guān)鍵方式之一。例如在印度，與城市蔓延問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重的班加羅爾相比，艾哈邁達(dá)巴德通過(guò)更科學(xué)的規(guī)劃，有效遏制了城市無(wú)序擴(kuò)張。)”可知，艾哈邁達(dá)巴德是“高效土地利用規(guī)劃”的例子。故選D項(xiàng)。BRecentlyIhadaterribleexperienceataTraderJoe’sgrocerystore.Thecashierwasremarkablyrudetomeinaplacethatistypicallyknownforhavinggreatcustomerservice.Icameawayfromtheexperiencefirstthinking“WhatdidIdotodeservethistreatment…”.ThenaftersomethoughtIcametotherealizationthatthispersonwasmorethanlikelyhavingabaddayandIjusthappentobetheonetheyletitouton.IdecidedtogivethegrocerychainanotherchancesoIvisitedadifferentlocationontheothersideoftown.Iwasnotfamiliarwiththelayoutandaskedanemployeeforhelp.Theyweresokind.Iopenedupaboutmypastexperienceattheotherlocation.Shereassuredmethiswasmynewstoreandshowedmewheretheykeptthecoffee.WhenIgottotheregisterthefolkshelpingmeoutweresokind,ImentionedthebadexperienceandhowI’vedecidedthiswasmynewstore.Thegentlemanhelpingmesteppedawayforasecondandcamebackwithasmallhandfulofflowersandsaid“Iknowthisisn’tmuch,butIwantedtogivethistoyou.”Itmeantmorethanthatmancouldeverknow.Iamaspecialneedmomandtakemysonwithautism(自閉癥)withmeeverywhereIgo,Ialsocarryaroundmytoddlerandwiththetwosometimeswecanbereallyloud.Igetlotsoflooks,questioningmychaos.ThisgentlemansetallthoseinsecuritiesasideandshowedmeinasimplewayhecaredandIwasvalued.Itmademyday.Iwasabletopasstheflowersofftomy4yearoldandshefellasleepholdingthemonourwayhome.Shewassohappyabouttheflowers!WheneverIseesomethingunkindhappenIamremindedthatIcanalwaysturnthetablesandbringkindnesstosomeoneinneednomatterhowsmallthegestureitcanhaveawonderfulripple(漣漪)effect.4.Whatdidtheauthorexperienceatthestore?A.Shewashavinggreatcustomerservice B.Shewasbadlytreatedwithoutareason.C.Shebehavedbadlyandwasdrivenout. D.Shewastoldhedidn’tdeserveatreatment.5.Whatdidthegentlemanatthenewstoredofortheauthor?A.Heguidedherthroughthelayout. B.Hegaveheragiftasafort.C.Hehelpedherfindthecoffeesection. D.Heintroducedhertootheremployees.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheexperienceatthenewstore?A.Relievedandtouched. B.Surprisedandconfused.C.Anxiousanddisappointed. D.Indifferentandannoyed.7.Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?A.Specialneedfamiliesdeservemorecare.B.Rudenessinserviceshouldbecriticized.C.Smallactsofkindnesscanmakeadifference.D.Storesshouldimprovetheircustomerservice.【答案】4.B5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者先在一家店受氣，后在另一家店獲善意，凸顯小善舉意義重大?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thecashierwasremarkablyrudetomeinaplacethatistypicallyknownforhavinggreatcustomerservice.Icameawayfromtheexperiencefirstthinking“WhatdidIdotodeservethistreatment…”.ThenaftersomethoughtIcametotherealizationthatthispersonwasmorethanlikelyhavingabaddayandIjusthappentobetheonetheyletitouton.(在一個(gè)以出色的客戶服務(wù)而聞名的地方，收銀員對(duì)我非常粗魯。我從那次經(jīng)歷中走出來(lái)，首先想到的是“我做了什么，值得這樣的待遇……”。經(jīng)過(guò)一番思考，我意識(shí)到這個(gè)人很可能今天過(guò)得很糟糕，而我恰好成了他們發(fā)泄的對(duì)象。)”可知，作者無(wú)故受到惡劣對(duì)待。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thegentlemanhelpingmesteppedawayforasecondandcamebackwithasmallhandfulofflowersandsaid“Iknowthisisn’tmuch,butIwantedtogivethistoyou.”(幫我的那位先生走開了一會(huì)兒，回來(lái)時(shí)手里拿著一小束花，說(shuō)：“我知道這不多，但我想把它送給你?！?”可知，新店的先生送了作者一份禮物作為安慰。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itmeantmorethanthatmancouldeverknow.(這比那位先生想象的更有意義。)”及第三段“ThisgentlemansetallthoseinsecuritiesasideandshowedmeinasimplewayhecaredandIwasvalued.Itmademyday.(這位先生把所有那些不安全感都拋在了腦后，用一種簡(jiǎn)單的方式向我表明他在乎我，我是有價(jià)值的。這讓我一整天都很開心。)”可知，作者對(duì)新店的經(jīng)歷感到釋然且感動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“WheneverIseesomethingunkindhappenIamremindedthatIcanalwaysturnthetablesandbringkindnesstosomeoneinneednomatterhowsmallthegestureitcanhaveawonderfulripple(漣漪)effect.(每當(dāng)我看到不友善的事情發(fā)生時(shí)，我都會(huì)提醒自己，我總是可以扭轉(zhuǎn)局面，給需要幫助的人帶來(lái)善意，無(wú)論這個(gè)舉動(dòng)多么微小，它都能產(chǎn)生美妙的漣漪效應(yīng)。)”以及作者因他人微小善舉獲得慰藉的經(jīng)歷可知，作者的經(jīng)歷表明小小的善舉能產(chǎn)生影響。故選C項(xiàng)。CInparisonwiththehistoryofWesterntheatre,thehistoryofscenicdesignisshort.WhilethegoldenageofGreektheatreoccurredmorethantwothousandyearsago,theintensiveuseofsceneryinthetheatredidnotbeginuntilafter1600,andthepositionofscenicdesigner—theindividualresponsibleforthevisualappearanceandfunctionofthescenicandpropertyelementsofatheatricalproduction—didnotbeeamonlycreditedproductionpositionuntilthemid1920s.RobertEdmondJonesisgenerallyacknowledgedasamongthefirstcreditedscenicdesigners,fora1915productionofTheManWhoMarriedaDumbWife.e.g.termscenerycanincludeanynoncostumevisualelementusedinsupportofaproduction.Inthecontextofthisarticle,however,itwillbedefinedasanynonpermanenttwoorthreedimensionalbackgroundorenvironmentalelementthatisplacedonthestagesoastosuggestthehistoricalperiod,location,andmoodoftheplaybeingperformed.Whileproperties—e.g.,setprops(sofas,chairs,andsoforth)andhandprops(anynoncostumeitemshandledbytheactors,suchasglassware,orbooks)—dothesame,theygenerallyarenotconsideredtobescenery.TherewasverylittlesceneryusedinWesterntheatresbeforetheearly1600s.WhileGreekandRomanplayswereperformedoutdoorsindelicateandgrandstructures,thereislittlephysicalevidencetosuggestthatscenery,asdefinedabove,wasusedonthesestages.MedievalEuropeandramausedstandardizedscenicelementscalled“mansions”(representationsofheaven,andsoforth)todescribethevariouslocationsneededinthedramathatconstitutedthemostpartoftheperiod’splays.Mansionswereoftenmountedinthenave(正廳)ofachurch,onaplatforminfrontofachurch,orinatownsquare.Theywerealsousedinbinationwithpageantwagons(盛會(huì)馬車),usuallyheldbetweenoneandthreemansions,andwerepulledfromlocationtolocation,andwerearrangedtocreatetheappropriatesetting.8.What’sthepurposeoftheauthormentioningGreektheatre?A.ToillustratetheGreekcivilization.B.TotelltheadvancementofGreeceintheatre.C.Totelltheshorthistoryofthescenicdesign.D.ToexplainthesignificanceofWesterntheatre.9.TheManWhoMarriedaDumbWifeisacceptedasthesymbolofadramawith________.A.amonlycreditedproductionpositionB.agoodfameforRobertEdmondJonesC.detailedchaptersenjoyedbyaudienceD.thefirstwidelyapprovedscenicdesign10.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Setpropsandhandprops. B.Thedefinitionofscenery.C.Materialsplacedonthestage. D.Thehistoricalperiodoftheplay.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.“Mansions”quitefittheconceptofscenery.B.GreekandRomanplaysusedmixedscenery.C.GreekandRomanplaysusedexcellentscenery.D.Mansionsweremovablescenerydrawnbyhorses.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了西方舞臺(tái)布景設(shè)計(jì)歷史短，闡述了布景定義及早期西方戲劇布景使用情況?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“InparisonwiththehistoryofWesterntheatre,thehistoryofscenicdesignisshort.WhilethegoldenageofGreektheatreoccurredmorethantwothousandyearsago,theintensiveuseofsceneryinthetheatredidnotbeginuntilafter1600,andthepositionofscenicdesigner—theindividualresponsibleforthevisualappearanceandfunctionofthescenicandpropertyelementsofatheatricalproduction—didnotbeeamonlycreditedproductionpositionuntilthemid1920s.(與西方戲劇史相比，舞臺(tái)布景設(shè)計(jì)的歷史較短。雖然希臘戲劇的時(shí)代發(fā)生在兩千多年前，但劇院對(duì)布景的密集使用直到1600年之后才開始，而布景設(shè)計(jì)師的職位——即負(fù)責(zé)戲劇作品中舞臺(tái)布景與道具元素的視覺呈現(xiàn)及功能實(shí)現(xiàn)的專業(yè)人員——直到20世紀(jì)20年代中期才成為一個(gè)普遍認(rèn)可的制作崗位)”可知，作者提及希臘戲劇是為了說(shuō)明舞臺(tái)布景設(shè)計(jì)歷史短暫。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“RobertEdmondJonesisgenerallyacknowledgedasamongthefirstcreditedscenicdesigners,fora1915productionofTheManWhoMarriedaDumbWife.(羅伯特·埃德蒙·瓊斯通常被認(rèn)為是首批有記錄的布景設(shè)計(jì)師之一，因其1915年制作的《啞妻》（TheManWhoMarriedaDumbWife）而聞名)”可知，《啞妻》被認(rèn)為是首個(gè)被廣泛認(rèn)可的布景設(shè)計(jì)作品。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thetermscenerycanincludeanynoncostumevisualelementusedinsupportofaproduction.Inthecontextofthisarticle,however,itwillbedefinedasanynonpermanenttwoorthreedimensionalbackgroundorenvironmentalelementthatisplacedonthestagesoastosuggestthehistoricalperiod,location,andmoodoftheplaybeingperformed.(布景一詞可以包括任何用于支持演出的非服裝視覺元素。然而，在本文的語(yǔ)境中，它被定義為放置在舞臺(tái)上的任何非永久性的二維或三維背景或環(huán)境元素，以暗示正在上演的戲劇的歷史時(shí)期、地點(diǎn)和氛圍)”可知，第二段主要講了布景的定義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“MedievalEuropeandramausedstandardizedscenicelementscalled“mansions”(representationsofheaven,andsoforth)todescribethevariouslocationsneededinthedramathatconstitutedthemostpartoftheperiod’splays.Mansionswereoftenmountedinthenave(正廳)ofachurch,onaplatforminfrontofachurch,orinatownsquare.Theywerealsousedinbinationwithpageantwagons(盛會(huì)馬車),usuallyheldbetweenoneandthreemansions,andwerepulledfromlocationtolocation,andwerearrangedtocreatetheappropriatesetting.(中世紀(jì)歐洲戲劇使用被稱為“宅邸”（天堂等的象征）的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化布景元素來(lái)描述該時(shí)期戲劇中所需的各種場(chǎng)景，這些場(chǎng)景構(gòu)成了該時(shí)期戲劇的大部分。宅邸通常安裝在教堂的正廳、教堂前的平臺(tái)上或城鎮(zhèn)廣場(chǎng)上。它們還與盛會(huì)馬車結(jié)合使用，通常在一到三個(gè)宅邸之間，從一個(gè)地方拉到另一個(gè)地方，并布置成合適的場(chǎng)景)”可知，“宅邸”符合布景的概念。故選A項(xiàng)。DAtmorethan110millionyearsold,afossil(化石)unearthedinBrazilistheoldestundoubtedantfossileverdiscovered.ThefindingaddstoevidencethatthefirstantsdevelopedonthesupercontinentofGondwanainthesouthernhemisphere(半球)beforespreadingacrosstherestoftheworld.“WehaveevidencetheywereinSouthAmerica,theywereinGondwana,duringtheirearlydevelopment,”saysAndersonLepecoattheUniversityofSaoPauloinBrazil.Lepecocameacrossthefossilinalargecollectiondeliveredtotheuniversity’szoologicalmuseum.ThespecimensallcamefromtheCratoFormationinnortheastBrazil,whichformedduringtheLowerCretaceousPeriod.Heimmediatelysuspectedthisfossilwasfromanextinctgroupofinsectscalledhellants.“ThatheadshapewassimilartoonespecieswefoundinBurmeseamber,”hesays.“Thisgavemethehint.”Hellantsareparticularlyinterestingbecausetheyrepresentatransitional“stemlineage”,saysLepeco—theyaremorecloselyrelatedtothewasplikemonancestorofallantsthantothespeciesalivetoday,althoughtheydidhaveantlikesocialstructures.Whenthefossilwas3Dscanned,thisrevealedothercharacteristicsthatidentifieditasahellant.Forinstance,ithadforkliftlikemandibles(顎)thatmayhaveenabledittocatchotherinsects.Infact,itisthisfeaturethatgavethehellantgroupitsname.TheresearchersnamedthenewhellantspeciesVulcanidriscratensis,inrecognitionoftheBrazilianentomologistMariaAparecidaVulcano.Basedontherockinwhichitwasfound,theresearcherssuspectthefossilisabout113millionyearsold,13millionyearsolderthanthepreviousoldestknownantfossil.“Beforeournewfossil,theearliestantsknownasfossilswerefromFranceandMyanmar,”saysLepeco.FindingsuchanancienthellantinSouthAmericaalignswithgenomicevidencesuggestingantsfirstappearedinthesouthernhemispherebeforegettingthroughoutmuchoftherestoftheworldandestablishingthedominantecologicalroletheymaintaintoday.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hint”inparagraph2mean?A.Praise. B.Signal. C.Warning. D.Instruction.13.Whatcanweinferabouthellants?A.Theylookexactlylikemodernants. B.Theyhadnosocialstructures.C.Theywerepooratcatchingprey. D.Theywereancestorsofmodernants.14.WhywasthenewantspeciesnamedVulcanidriscratensis?A.Tohonorascientist. B.Toshowitsspecialshape.C.Tomarkitsdiscoveryplace. D.Toreflectitslivinghabit.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheHistoryofAnts B.ANewlynamedAntSpeciesC.AncientAnts’SocialStructures D.OldestAntFossilFoundinBrazil【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了巴西出土了1.13億年前的地獄蟻化石，為已知最古老螞蟻化石，其特征與命名均有研究?jī)r(jià)值，印證了螞蟻起源于南半球?qū)呒{古陸的觀點(diǎn)?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Heimmediatelysuspectedthisfossilwasfromanextinctgroupofinsectscalledhellants.(他立刻懷疑這塊化石來(lái)自一種已經(jīng)滅絕的昆蟲——地獄蟻)”以及劃線單詞句中““ThatheadshapewassimilartoonespecieswefoundinBurmeseamber,”hesays.“Thisgavemethehint.”(這種頭部形狀與我們?cè)诰挼殓曛邪l(fā)現(xiàn)的一種相似，”他說(shuō)?！斑@給了我hint?！?”可知，“hint”在此處指“線索、信號(hào)”，即頭型相似這一特征為判斷化石種類提供了依據(jù)，與B選項(xiàng)Signal“信號(hào)”意思接近。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hellantsareparticularlyinterestingbecausetheyrepresentatransitional“stemlineage”,saysLepeco—theyaremorecloselyrelatedtothewasplikemonancestorofallantsthantothespeciesalivetoday,althoughtheydidhaveantlikesocialstructures.(Lepeco說(shuō)，地獄蟻特別有趣，因?yàn)樗鼈兇砹艘环N過(guò)渡性“莖系”——它們與所有螞蟻的類似黃蜂的共同祖先關(guān)系更密切，而不是與今天存活的螞蟻更密切，盡管它們確實(shí)有類似螞蟻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu))”可推知，地獄蟻是現(xiàn)代螞蟻的祖先。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“TheresearchersnamedthenewhellantspeciesVulcanidriscratensis,inrecognitionoftheBrazilianentomologistMariaAparecidaVulcano.(研究人員將這種新的地獄蟻物種命名為Vulcanidriscratensis，以紀(jì)念巴西昆蟲學(xué)家MariaAparecidaVulcano)”可知，新螞蟻被命名為Vulcanidriscratensis是為了紀(jì)念一位科學(xué)家。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“Atmorethan110millionyearsold,afossil(化石)unearthedinBrazilistheoldestundoubtedantfossileverdiscovered.ThefindingaddstoevidencethatthefirstantsdevelopedonthesupercontinentofGondwanainthesouthernhemisphere(半球)beforespreadingacrosstherestoftheworld.(在巴西出土的一具超過(guò)1.1億年的化石無(wú)疑是迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)的最古老的螞蟻化石。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步證明，第一批螞蟻在傳播到世界其他地區(qū)之前，是在南半球的岡瓦納古陸發(fā)展起來(lái)的)”可知，文章開篇即點(diǎn)明核心事件——巴西出土的1.1億多年前的化石，是目前已知最古老的螞蟻化石，后文圍繞化石的發(fā)現(xiàn)、鑒定、命名及意義展開，標(biāo)題需概括核心事件。由此可知，文章最合適的標(biāo)題是“在巴西發(fā)現(xiàn)的最古老的螞蟻化石”。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Culturalfestivalsserveasabridgeconnectingpastandpresent.___16___Eventslikethesenotonlypreservetraditionsbutalsofosterculturalunderstandingamongdiversegroups.Festivalsserveasvitalmethodsforpromotingculturalunderstanding.Theybringdiversemunitiestogetherandencouragedialogueamongpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.Thesegatheringshighlighttherichnessofvarioustraditions.___17___Culturalfestivalsoftenfeatureperformancesthatshowcasetraditionalcelebrations,allowingattendeestoappreciateuniquepracticesandbeliefs.___18___Festivalsserveasavitallinkbetweengenerations.Theyhelppassdowncustomsandpracticesthatdefineuniquecultures.Thesegatheringsfosterconnectionsamongmunitymembersandpromotesocialcohesion(凝聚力).Theyallowpeopletoexperiencetheirheritagefirsthandwhilecelebratingittogether.Throughfestivals,munitiescanconnecttraditionalpracticeswithcontemporaryinfluences,makingthemappealingtoyoungeraudiences.Festivalsfostersocialcohesionbybringingpeopletogether.Theycreateaspacewherediversegroupscancelebratetheirheritage.Thisinteractionpromotesunderstandingandrespectamongdifferentcultures.munityeventsofferchancesforindividualstoconnectthroughsharedexperiences.Festivalshelpbuildrelationshipsthatstrengthenmunityties.Culturalfestivalsalsosupporttourism,boostinglocaleconomies.Bycelebratingtraditions,theyencourageprideinculturalidentities.___19___Culturalfestivalspromotediversitybyshowcasingvarioustraditions.___20___Festivalshelpbridgegapsbetweengenerations,ensuringthatrichhistoriesremainalive.Throughtheseevents,individualslearnaboutoneanother’scultures,fosteringrespectandappreciationfordifferences.A.Festivalsboostlocaleconomiessignificantly.B.Thissenseofbelongingnurtureshealthiermunities.C.Suchexperiencesshapeidentitiesandstrengthenmunitybonds.D.Culturalunderstandingflowsintothepreservationoftribaltraditions.E.Thereforetheycreateopportunitiestolearnaboutfolkmusic,art,andcustomsF.FestivalslikeIndependenceDay,theMoonFestivalremindpeopleoftheirrichhistory.G.Theycelebratecustomsfromdifferentbackgroundsandfosterunderstandingamongpeople.【答案】16.F17.E18.C19.B20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，圍繞文化節(jié)的多重價(jià)值展開論述，指出文化節(jié)是連接過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的橋梁，不僅能保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)、促進(jìn)不同群體間的文化理解，還能維系代際傳承、增強(qiáng)社會(huì)凝聚力、推動(dòng)多樣性發(fā)展，同時(shí)為當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)積極影響。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Culturalfestivalsserveasabridgeconnectingpastandpresent.(文化節(jié)是連接過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的橋梁。)”可知，前文點(diǎn)明文化節(jié)“連接古今”的核心屬性，此空需舉例說(shuō)明該屬性，同時(shí)呼應(yīng)下文“preservetraditions(保護(hù)傳統(tǒng))”。F選項(xiàng)“FestivalslikeIndependenceDay,theMoonFestivalremindpeopleoftheirrichhistory.(像獨(dú)立日、中秋節(jié)這樣的節(jié)日，能讓人們想起自己豐富的歷史。)”以具體節(jié)日為例，“remindpeopleoftheirrichhistory”承接上文“connectingpast”，通過(guò)喚醒歷史記憶體現(xiàn)“連接過(guò)去”，并為下文“保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)”鋪墊，邏輯連貫。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thesegatheringshighlighttherichnessofvarioustraditions.(這些聚會(huì)彰顯了各種傳統(tǒng)的豐富性。)”及下文“allowingattendeestoappreciateuniquepracticesandbeliefs.(讓參與者能夠欣賞獨(dú)特的習(xí)俗和信仰。)”可知，此處需銜接“彰顯傳統(tǒng)豐富性”與“欣賞獨(dú)特習(xí)俗”，說(shuō)明文化節(jié)提供的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。E選項(xiàng)“Thereforetheycreateopportunitiestolearnaboutfolkmusic,art,andcustoms.(因此，它們創(chuàng)造了學(xué)習(xí)民間音樂、藝術(shù)和習(xí)俗的機(jī)會(huì)。)”中“therefore”承接前文因果關(guān)系，“l(fā)earnaboutfolkmusic,art,andcustoms”與下文“uniquepracticesandbeliefs”同義呼應(yīng)，明確文化節(jié)促進(jìn)文化理解的具體路徑，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Festivalsserveasavitallinkbetweengenerations.Theyhelppassdowncustomsandpracticesthatdefineuniquecultures.(文化節(jié)是代際之間的重要紐帶。它們有助于傳承定義獨(dú)特文化的習(xí)俗和做法。)”可知，本段核心是“文化節(jié)的代際傳承價(jià)值”，此空為段落總起句，需概括該核心。選項(xiàng)中C選項(xiàng)“Suchexperiencesshapeidentitiesandstrengthenmunitybonds.(這些經(jīng)歷塑造身份，加強(qiáng)社區(qū)聯(lián)系。)”中的“shapeidentities”與“passdowncustomsandpracticesthatdefineuniquecultures”呼應(yīng)，“strengthenmunitybonds”與下文“fosterconnectionsamongmunitymembers”呼應(yīng)，承接上文文化節(jié)的體驗(yàn)，總起本段代際與社區(qū)價(jià)值，符合邏輯。故選C項(xiàng)。19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Festivalshelpbuildrelationshipsthatstrengthenmunityties.Culturalfestivalsalsosupporttourism,boostinglocaleconomies.Bycelebratingtraditions,theyencourageprideinculturalidentities.(文化節(jié)能助力建立緊密聯(lián)結(jié)社區(qū)的人際關(guān)系，同時(shí)也能拉動(dòng)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展、帶動(dòng)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。通過(guò)慶祝傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，節(jié)慶活動(dòng)還能增強(qiáng)人們對(duì)自身文化身份的認(rèn)同感與自豪感。)”可知，前文強(qiáng)調(diào)文化節(jié)“增強(qiáng)社區(qū)聯(lián)系、培養(yǎng)文化自豪感”，此空應(yīng)承接該邏輯，說(shuō)明其帶來(lái)的最終影響——社區(qū)更健康。B選項(xiàng)“Thissenseofbelongingnurtureshealthiermunities.(這種歸屬感培育了更健康的社區(qū)。)”中的“Thissenseofbelonging”指代上文“strengthenmunityties”“prideinculturalidentities”帶來(lái)的歸屬感，“nurtureshealthiermunities”是前文作用的自然延伸，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Culturalfestivalspromotediversitybyshowcasingvarioustraditions.(文化節(jié)通過(guò)展示各種傳統(tǒng)來(lái)促進(jìn)多樣性。)”及下文“Festivalshelpbridgegapsbetweengenerations,ensuringthatrichhistoriesremainalive.(文化節(jié)有助于彌合代際差距，確保豐富的歷史得以延續(xù)。)”可知，此處需銜接“促進(jìn)多樣性”與“彌合代際差距”，說(shuō)明文化節(jié)的雙重作用。G選項(xiàng)“Theycelebratecustomsfromdifferentbackgroundsandfosterunderstandingamongpeople.(它們慶祝不同背景的習(xí)俗，促進(jìn)人們之間的理解。)”中的“celebratecustomsfromdifferentbackgrounds”呼應(yīng)上文“promotediversity”，“fosterunderstandingamongpeople”為下文“bridgegapsbetweengenerations”鋪墊，體現(xiàn)文化節(jié)在多樣性與代際溝通中的雙重價(jià)值，符合邏輯。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Achild’sfirststepsarealwaysprecious,butonelittlegirlwithcerebralpalsy(腦癱)hadanextraspecialreasontocelebrate.Atsixyearsold,shewalkedwithoutamobility___21___forthefirsttime!Althoughthe___22___wasshort,itwasstillacrucial___23___foragirlwhousuallyneededawalkertogetaround.Her___24___wasbeyonddescriptionasshefoundherselftakingstepaftersteponherown!AbeautifulvideoshowssixyearoldLoveJohnsonslowlybut___25___makingherwayacrossthecarpet.Shetookherfirstfew___26___whileleaning(靠)onapieceoffurniturefor___27___.However,shesoonletgoandbegantowalk___28___.Herentireface___29___asshefoundherselfmovingwithoutherwalkerforthefirsttime!AccordingtoKXAN,thevideoofLove’sfirststeps___30___wentviralonline.Soon,peoplewereaskinghermom,LovelyJohnson,forparenting___31___.“We’vebeengettingalotofparents___32___becausetheyalsohavekidswithcerebralpalsy,sotheyareaskingforadvice,”saidLovely.KXANalsotellsusthatdoctorshadoncewarnedthismotheraboutherdaughter’s___33___.TheyexplainedthatLovemightnoteverbeableto___34___.However,oncethelittlegirltookherfirststepswithoutawalker,her___35___actuallycontinuedtoimprove!21.A.voice B.aid C.reward D.advice22A.age B.speed C.distance D.school23.A.achievement B.mind C.attitude D.result24.A.concern B.expression C.unhappiness D.difficulty25.A.only B.nearly C.exactly D.surely26.A.windows B.steps C.centers D.gates27.A.support B.talk C.wish D.success28.A.naturally B.smoothly C.obviously D.independently29.A.wentpale B.turneddark C.litup D.calmeddown30.A.immediately B.passively C.excitedly D.regularly31.A.rocks B.tips C.hopes D.trees32.A.reachingout B.livingup C.gettingon D.goingback33.A.behavior B.taste C.future D.nature34.A.sit B.stand C.lie D.walk35.A.feeling B.study C.ine D.mobili