第1題DuringthepreparationofaroutineH&Eslide,whichoneofthefollowingallowsthetissuetobevisualized?AFixationBEmbeddinginparaffinCStainingDSlicing第2題Whichmagnificationcannotbefoundintheobjectivelensofcompoundmicroscope?A4XB10XC100XD1000X第3題Whichmicroscopedoesnotrelyonvisiblelight?ASimplemicroscopeBCompoundmicroscopeCPhasecontrastmicroscopeDTransmissionelectronmicroscope第4題Insituhybridizationisahistologicaltechniqueusedtovisualizewhichtypeofthefollowingmacromolecules?AProteinsBCarbohydratesCCertainenzymesDNucleicacids第5題Wartsontheskinofhands,genitalsandelsewhereareduetotheinfectionwithhumanpapillomavirus(HPV)whichcausesthetypicalbenignproliferativegrowth.WhichoneofthefollowinghistologicalmethodsisoftenusedtodemonstrateHPVinfectionincells/tissues?AISHBHEstainingCSilverstainingDPASstaining第1題Aserosawouldbeformedbywhichofthefollowingepithelia?ASimplecuboidalBStratifiedsquamousCTransitionalDSimplesquamous第2題A46-year-oldmanhasa52-pack/yearhistoryofsmoking.Hecomplainsofmucusaccumulationandconstantcough.Inthepathologyreportofbiopsy,theepithelialliningofthetracheallumenisastratifiedsquamousepithelium.Whattypeofepitheliumnormallylinesthelumenofthetrachea?AStratifiedcolumnarepitheliumBTransitionalepitheliumCPseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepitheliumDSimplesquamousepithelium第3題Apatientcomplainspainintheabdomen.Itisdeterminedthatthepainwasaresultoflargesubstancespassingbetweencellsthatlinetheintestinallumendirectlyintotheunderlyingconnectivetissue.Whichtypeofjunctionwasabsentornotcompletelyfunctional?AMaculaadherensBTightjunctionCZonulaadherensDGapjunction第4題Microvilliareessentialcomponentsofepithelialcellsofthesmallintestine.Whichofthefollowingfunctionswouldbedefectiveresultingfromalackofmicrovillionepithelia?AStretchingBMovementCProtectionDAbsorption第5題Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristictypicalofsimplelayersofepithelia?AAllthecellsborderanopenlumenBAllthecellsfunctiontopreventabrasionCAllthecellsrestonabasementmembraneDAllthecellsarejoinedbyzonulaadherensTest-ConnectiveTissue第1題Macrophageswouldbemostabundantinwhichofthefollowingtissues?ADenseregularconnectivetissueBLooseconnectivetissueCBrownadiposetissueDDenseirregularconnectivetissue第2題Apathologistisexaminingatissuessectionwithanelectronmicroscope.HenoticesacellinconnectivetissuethathasaprominentGolgiapparatusandanucleuswithheterochromatinarrangedinaspokewheelfashion.Whichofthefollowingcelltypesisbeingobserved?APlasmacellBMacrophageCFibroblastDMastcell第3題Whichofthefollowingprovidesaprimarystructuralnetworkinhematopoieticorgans?AGlycosaminoglycansBCollagenfibersCElasticfibersDReticularfibers第4題Apatientsuffersfromanimmediatehypersensitivityreaction.Whichtypeofthefollowingcellsisresponsibleforthiscondition?APlasmacellBFibroblastCMastcellDMacrophage第5題Whichofthefollowingmicroscopicallybestcharacterizesbrownfatcells？ALackofmitochondriaBPeripheralflattenednucleusCMultipledropletsoflipidDAbundantRER第6題Elasticcartilageisfoundinwhichofthefollowingbodystructures?AIntervertebraldisksBEpiglottisCTrachealringsDCartilageatpubicsymphysis第7題Whichofthefollowingwouldbestcharacterizefibrocartilage?APresenceofaperichondriumBFoundattheepiphysealplateCRowsofchondrocytesDLarge,denselystainedterritorialmatrix第8題A6-year-oldboywithabnormalbleedingisfoundtohavealowplateletcount(thrombocytopenia).Whichofthefollowingwouldbemostimportanttoevaluateonexaminationoftheboy’sbonemarrowbiopsy?AIronstoresBMegakaryocytesCPlasmacellsDNeutrophils第9題Whichofthefollowingclinicalconditionsresultsfromreducedmitoticactivityofchondrocytesattheepiphysealplate?AChondroblastomaBChondromaCAchondroplasiaDChondromalacia第10題Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizeshyalinecartilage?ANoperichondriumBSinglechondrocytesCFoundbetweenvertebralbodiesDAbundantmatrix第11題Cessationofgrowthatwhichofthefollowingsiteswouldresultinnofurtherlongitudinalgrowthoflongbones?AEndosteumBPrimarycenterofossificationCSecondarycenterofossificationDEpiphysealplate第12題Abloodanalysisofyourpatientshowsanincreasedlevelofparathyroidhormone.Whichofthefollowingwouldresultfromincreasedlevelsofthishormone?AIncreasedmitot1CactivityofosteoprogenitorcellsBDecreasedserumcalciumlevelsCIncreasedboneformationDIncreasedserumcalciumlevels第13題Atwhichofthefollowingsitesinbonewouldyoufindosteoblastsduringactivedepositionofnewbonematrix?AHaversiancanalBLacunaCPeriosteumDSurfaceofbone第14題Boneofa75-year-oldmanshowsadecreasednumberofosteoblasts.However,thenumberofosteoclastsisgreatlyincreased.Thisindividual'sbonesareeasilyfractured.Whichofthefollowingdiseaseconditionswouldyouexpect?AOsteoporosisBOsteomalaciaCOsteopetrosisDOsteochondrosis第15題Inwhichofthefollowingbonesitesarecanaliculifound?APerichondriumBCompactboneCBonemarrowDNewlymineralizedbonematrixTest-Blood&Hematopoiesis第1題Whichofthefourbasictissuetypesdoesbloodbelongto?AEpitheliumBConnectivetissueCLymphoidtissueDNervetissue第2題Whichofthefollowingelementsdonotcontainanucleus?APlateletsBErythrocytesCLeukocytesDPlateletsanderythrocytes第3題Whichofthefollowingisagranulocyte?ANeutrophilBLymphocytesCMonocytesDReticulocyte第4題Whichofthefollowingcellisinvolvedinparasitesinfection?AABBCCDD第5題35-year-oldwoman'sphysicianorderslaboratorybloodtests.Herfreshbloodisdrawnandcentrifugedinthepresenceofheparinasananti-coagulanttoobtainahematocrit.Theresultingfractionsfromtoptobottomofthetubearewhichofthefollowing?ASerum,erythrocytes,andleukocytesBPlasma,erythrocytes,andleukocytesCSerum,leukocytes,anderythrocytesDplasma,leukocytes,anderythrocytes第6題Whichcellscomefromamegakaryocyte?ALymphocytesBMacrophagesCErythrocytesDPlatelets第7題Duringthedevelopingprocessofgranulocytes,whichofthefollowingoccurs?AThecellsincreaseinsizeBNucleiincreaseinsizeCNucleibecomelobulatedDMitoticactivityincreased第8題A23-year-oldmanpresentswithfever,breathlessnessandfatigue.AroutinetestsandbonemarrowbiopsyindicatethelymphocyticleukemiChemotherapyisadministeredtoremovethecancerouscells,whichalsodestroystheprecursorcellsoferythrocytes.Toreestablishtheerythrocyticlineage,whichofthefollowingcellsshouldbetransplanted?AReticulocytesBLymphoblastCMegakaryoblastsDBasophilicerythroblasts第9題Whichofthefollowingisnotconsidereda"formedelement"?ASerumBErythrocytesCPlateletsDLeukocytes第10題Whichofthefollowingistheleastabundantinaperipheralsmearofblood?ANeutrophilsBBasophilsCErythrocytesDLeukocytesTest-MuscleTissue第1題Whichofthefollowingistrueformammalianskeletalmuscle?ATropomyosinisabsentBTtubulesareabsentCTtubulesarelocatedattheZdiskDItpossessestriads第2題Theendomysiumisaconnectivetissueinvestmentthatsurrounds:AindividualmusclefibersBindividualmyofibrilsCmusclefasciclesDthinmyofilament第3題Whichofthefollowingistrueforcardiacmuscle?ATropomyosinisabsentBTtubulesareabsentCTtubulesarelocatedattheZdiskDItpossessestriads第4題SmoothmusclecellAhasnocaveolaeBpossessestriadsCpossessesasinglecentralnucleusDhasdyadsassociatedwithitscontraction第5題Givenamusclefiberatrest,thelengthofitsIbandis1.0μmanditsAbandis1.5μm.Contractionofthatmusclefiberresultsina10%shorteningofthelengthofsarcomere.WhatisthelengthoftheAbandwhenthemusclecontracts?A1.00μmB1.35μmC1.50μmD0.45μm第6題An18-year-oldmanandhismotherarrivedintheemergencydepartment.Theyoungmansaidthathewasforcedtopullhismotorbikeoverduetosuddenblurringofvision.Intheemergencydepartment,hecomplainedofnausea,haddifficultyinspeaking,swallowingfluids,andhadtroublebreathing.Hisparentscouldnotrecallanyrecenthealthupsetsforhim.However,theyreportedtheirsonspendedthepreviousweekendwithhisgrandparentsandconsumedalotofhomemadecannedvegetablesandsmokedfish.Physicalexaminationrevealeddiplopia,dysarthria,dysphonia,bilateralptosisandfacialparalysis,andimpairedgagreflex.Cerebrospinalfluid(CSF)analysisshowsthatproteinlevelsinhiscerebrospinalfluidwerenormal.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelydiagnosisforhim?AStrokeaffectingthegenuoftheleftinternalcapsuleBMyastheniagravisCBotulismDGuillain-BarrésyndromeTest-NerveTissueandTheNervousSystem第1題WhichofthefollowingisNOTaglialcell?AAstrocyteBOligodendrocyteCSchwanncellDGanglion第2題Yourpatientreceivedbluntheadtraumathatresultedinmemorylossandintracranialswelling.Yoususpectthatcellsofthebrainwereextensivelydamaged.Whichofthefollowingcellsphagocytizethecellulardebriscreatedbyneuraldamage?AFibrousastrocytesBOligodendrocytesCProtoplasmicastrocytesDMicroglialcells第3題Whichoneofthefollowingwouldyoudeduceasbeingthestructurethatpreventstoxicmaterialsfromattackinganaxoninaperipheralnerve?APerineuriumBEndoneuriumCSchwanncellincisureDEpineurium第4題Whichoneofthefollowingcellsphagocytizedebrisduetoneuraldamage?AFibrousastrocytesBOligodendrocytesCProtoplasmicastrocytesDMicroglialcells第5題Duringearlybraindevelopment,myelinationofaxonsisacriticalevent.Whichofthefollowingcellsisresponsibleforthisimportantfunction？AFibrousastrocytesBProtoplasmicastrocytesCOligodendrocytesDSchwanncells第6題WhichofthefollowingreceptorsconsistsofconcentricconnectivetissueWithacentralaxon？AMerkel'sdiskBNeuromuscularspindleCMeissner'scorpuscleDPaciniancorpuscle第7題Whichofthefollowingisthemostcriticaleventinregenerationofaperipheralnerve?AHypertrophyofSchwanncellsBChromatolysisofthedamagedperikaryonCProliferationofSchwanncellsDPhagocyticactivityofmacrophages第8題WhichofthefollowingcellsofthePNSfunctionsequivalenttotheoligodendrocytewithintheCNS?AFibroblastsBSchwanncellsCMacrophagesDSatellitecells第9題Whichofthefollowingstructuresprimarilyfunctionstomonitorthedegreeofstretchofmuscles?AMerkel'sdiskBGolgitendonorganCMyoneuraljunctionDNeuromuscularspindle第10題WhichofthefollowingservetoallowCSFtoexitthesubarachnoidspace？AArachnoidVilliBChoroidplexusCArachnoidbarriercellsDVesselswithinthesubarachnoidspace第11題TissuefromtheCNSofan80-year-oldmanisexaminedbyelectronmicrocopy.Cellsinthistissuesamplehaveseveralresidualbodiesandlipofuscinwithintheircytoplasm.Whichofthefollowingcellsarebeingdescribed?AEndothelialcellsofcapillariesBAstrocytesCNeuronsDOligodendrocytes第12題Whichofthefollowingisaprimarycomponentorcharacteristicofasensoryganglion?AScatteredneuroncellbodiesBMultipolarneuronsCSynapticcontactsDPseudounipolarneurons第13題WhichOfthefollowingreceptorsconsistsofconcentricconnectivetissuewithacentralaxon？AMerkel'sdiskBNeuromuscularspindleCMeissner'scorpuscleDPaciniancorpuscle第14題Merkel'sdisksarefoundinwhichofthefollowingregions?ABetweensmoothmusclelayersintheintestineBStratumbasaleofskinCDermisoftheskinDSubmucosaoftheintestine第15題Whichofthefollowingstructuresprimarilyfunctionstomonitorthedegreeofmusclestretch?AMerkel'sdiskBGolgitendonorganCMyoneuraljunctionDNeuromuscularspindle第16題WhichofthefollowingcellsofthePNSisfunctionallyequivalenttotheoligodendrocytewithintheCNS?AFibroblastsBSchwanncellsCSatellitecellsDMacrophagesTest-CirculatorySystem第1題Whichofthefollowingisanimportantfunctionofmuscularartery?APrimarycontributortoregulateperipheralvascularresistanceBBringindeoxygenatedbloodfromtheperipherytotheheartCMinimizebloodpressuredifferenceduringventricularsystoleanddiastoleDAdjusttherateofbloodflowinginanorganbyvasoconstrictionorvasodilation第2題Whichofthefollowingistrueforventricles?ALocatedatthetopoftheheartBMyocardialcellshasnogapjunctionsCReceiveblooddirectlyfromthevenaecavaeandpulmonaryveinsDWallscontainPurkinjefibersoftherightandleftbranchesfromtheatrioventricularbundle第3題Theepicardiumisoneofthethreelayersoftheheart.ItisAcomposedofmodifiedcardiacmusclecellsBalsoknownasthevisceralpericardiumCcontinuouswiththeendocardiumDcapableofincreasingintraventricularpressure第4題Whichdescriptionistrueforpericytes?AAreassociatedwiththebasallaminaofcapillaryendothelialcellsBHasitsownbasallaminarthatisseparatedfromthecapillaryendothelialcellsCCannotdifferentiateDFormalayerofcellsjoinedbygapjunctions第5題Whichofthefollowingistrueforcontinuouscapillaries?AAbundantfenestrationsBMostcommoninbothbrainandmuscleCUnusuallyhavewidelumensDLackacompletebasementmembrane第6題A45-year-oldobesemanpresentswithcomplaintsoflowerlegpain.Itusuallyoccursafterhewalksforseveralminutesandisrelievedwithrest.Hehasnoothercomplaints.Hesmokestwopacksofcigarettesperday.Hisbloodpressureis160/80mmHg,pulseis85/min,andtherespiratoryrateis18/min.Whichofthefollowingtypesofvesselsismostlikelyinvolvedinthepathologicprocessofthepatient’ssymptoms?AArteriesBVeinsCArteriolesDVenulesECapillaries第7題A75-year-oldmanwasacceptedinthehospitalbecauseofangina.Hisserumcholesterolis280mg/dL(normal<200),LDLis160(normal<100),HDLis50(normal>35),andtriglycerides180(normal<150).Cardiaccatheterizationshowsanocclusionoftheleftanteriordescendingandtheoriginoftherightcoronaryartery.Whichoneofthefollowingdisordersinitiallyleadstothisdiseaseprocess?AMacrophageaccumulationBFormationofanintimalplaqueCAdditionofcollagenandelastinintunicaintimaDInjurytoendothelialcellsTest-EndocrineSystem第1題WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicoftheendocrinesystem?AProductssecretedintobloodBGlandswithoutductsCSecreteshormonesDFewcapillarieswithintheglands第2題WhichtypeofpapillaeonthetongueisthemostabundantanddoesNOTcontaintastebuds?AProteinBAminoacidchainCSteroidDCatecholamine第3題Whatcelltypesecretesgrowthhormone?AInterstitialcellsBThyrotropiccellsCSomatotropiccellsDCorticotropiccells第4題Amedicalstudentisstudyinghistologicslideofthepituitarygland.Henotesthecellsinaregionwithdifferentstainingcolor,andsomeofthemhaveabasophiliccytoplasm.Whichofthefollowinghormonesisreleasedfromthebasophilicstainingcells?AAntidiuretichormoneBProlactinCFollicle-stimulatinghormoneDOxytocin第5題A40-year-oldwomanisdiagnosedwithhyperthyroidism.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicswouldbeassociatedwithhercondition?AInadequatelevelsofiodineinherdietBWeightgainCFlattenedthyroidfollicularcellsDExcessiveproductionofT3andT4Test-DigestiveSystem第1題Whereisthemainsiteforabsorptionofnutrients?AStomachBSmallintestineCAscendingcolonDDescendingcolon第2題WhichtypeofpapillaeonthetongueisthemostabundantanddoesNOTcontaintastebuds?AFiliformpapillaeBCircumvallatepapillaeCFungiformpapillaeDFoliatepapillae第3題WhatistheoutermostlayeroftheGItractcalled?AMucosaBSubmucosaCMuscularisDAdventitia第4題Whattypeoftissuelinessmallintestine?ASimplesquamousepitheliumBSimplecuboidalepitheliumCSimplecolumnarepitheliumDStratifiedsquamousepithelium第5題A54-year-oldwomanpresentswithdysphagia.Anendoscopyexaminationforhergotatissueforbiopsy.Theresultsindicatednormalhistologicalfeature.Presenceofsubmucosalglands,skeletalmuscles.Whichofthefollowingadditionalfeaturesmightbefoundinthespecimen?ACiliaonthefreesurfaceofthecellBMucosalinedbystratifiedsquamousepitheliumCMucosalinedbysimplecolumnarepitheliumDProminentvilli第6題Whichofthefollowingistheexocrineportionofthepancreas?AsletsofLangerhansBAlphacellsCBetacellsDAcini第7題Whatstructureisinthemiddleofthehepaticlobule?AHepaticarteryBHepaticarteryCCentralveinDPortaltriad第8題Whatisthefunctionalunitoftheliver?AHepatocyteBPortaltriadCCentralveinDLobule第9題Thegallbladderof40-yearoldwomenwasremovedbysurgicaloperationforthestones.Biopsyofthegallbladderunderthemicroscopeindicatesthemucosalliningofthelumenofthegallbladderarenormal.Whichofthefollowingtypesofepitheliawasobserved?ASimplesquamousepitheliumBTransitionalepitheliumCPseudostratifiedcolumnarepitheliumDSimplecolumnarepithelium第10題Apathologistisexamininglivertissuesectionsofapatient.Henoteslargeaccumulationofglycogenwithinthecytoplasmofhepatocytes.Whichofthefollowingorganellesmightbethesitetosynthesizetheseglycogens?ARoughendoplasmicreticulumBSmoothendoplasmicreticulumCGolgiapparatusDPolyribosomesTest-RespiratorySystem第1題Whichofthefollowinghistologiccharacteristicsdistinguishesabronchuswithinthelungfromaprimarybronchus?AGlandsinthesubmucosaBPseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepitheliumCSmoothmuscleinthewallsDIrregularplatesofhyalinecartilage第2題A6-month-oldinfantwitha6-weekhistoryofnoisybreathingisbroughttotheclinic.Thenoisybreathinghasworsenedfollowinganupperrespiratoryinfection.Onexamination,theinfantisafebrile,hasacoarsewheezingsound,anddoesnotappeardistressed.Hersymptomsdidnotimprovewithaweekofbronchodilatortherapy.Whichofthefollowingisthemostprobablediagnosisforher?ALaryngomalaciaBTracheomalaciaCBronchiolitisDBronchialasthma第3題Whichofthefollowingisherlikelyanatomicaldefect?AEctodermBEndodermCParaxialmesodermDLateralplatemesoderm第4題A16-year-oldgirlpresentswithanosmiafollowinganupperrespiratorytractinfection.Mucosalscrapingfromherupperairwayrevealsdysfunctionalciliatedcellsinanotherwisenormalpseudostrati?edcolumnarepitheliumthatlacksgobletcells.Whichofthefollowingisthesourceofherdefectivecells?AEctodermBEndodermCVisceralmesodermDParietalmesoderm第5題An8-week-oldinfantpresentswitha3-weekhistoryofmildcough.Heiscurrentlyafebrileandhasnohistoryofanyrecentepisodesofchestinfection.Physicalexaminationwassigni?cantformildtachypneaandwheezing.AchestX-rayshowedanareaofopacitybehindthecardiacsilhouetteinthelowerareaofthelefthemithorax.ACTscanofthethoraxwithintravenouscontrastrevealedamass,withinaseparatepleuralinvestment,withnecrosisinthelowerlobeoftheleftlung.Italsorevealedtwoseparateaorticbranchesdirectedtowardthepulmonaryopacity.Hesubsequentlyunderwentsurgery,andtheanomaloustissuewasremovedbymassexcision.Histologic?ndingsofthemassincludeduniformlydilatedbronchioles,alveolarducts,andalveoli.Whichofthefollowingisthepossiblediagnosis?ABronchogeniccystBIntralobarpulmonarysequestrationCExtralobarpulmonarysequestrationDBronchiolitisTest-UrinarySystem第1題Whichofthefollowingcellswithintheglomerulusformthefiltrationslits?APodocytesBMesangialcellsCJuxtaglomerularcellsDExtraglomerularcells第2題Whichofthefollowingarteriesmostdirectlyprovidesbloodtotheglomerulus?AEfferentarterioleBArcuatearteryCAfferentarterioleDInterlobularartery第3題UrinepassesfromtheBowman's(urinary)spaceintowhichofthefollowingstructures?ACollectingtubuleBMinorcalyxCCollectingductDProximalconvolutedtubule第4題Whichofthefollowingfeaturesiscommontothecalycesofthekidney,ureter,andurinarybladder?AResponsetoaldosteroneBAllowanceofwatertopassfromtheluminalcontentsCPossessionofmucousglandsinsubmucosaDLinedbytransitionalepithelium第5題Arenalbiopsyfroma48-year-oldwomanindicatesasegmentofthenephronlinedbysimplecuboidalepithelialcells,eachofwhichpossessesasinglecentralcilium.Theepitheliumlacksadiscretebrushborder.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesmighthavethemosteffectonthesegment?AAngiotensinIIBAldosteroneCParathyroidhormoneandAntidiuretichormoneDAldosteroneandAntidiuretichormone第6題A6-year-oldboypresentswithprogressingfacialpuffiness.Physicalexaminationrevealsmoderateperiorbitaledemaandbilateralmildpittingedemainbothupperandlowerextremities.Laboratoryinvestigationsrevealsevereproteinuria,hypoalbuminemia,andhypercholesterolemia.Whichofthefollowingmightbeanassociated?ndinginhim?Arenalplasma?o