Basiccompositionofprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成Basiccompositionofprocesscontrolsystem化工Chemicalengineering

電力Electrical制藥Pharmaceuticals謝聰XieCong主講教師Teacher過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成Basiccompositionofprocesscontrolsystem控制Control溫度Temperature

壓力Compression液位Fluidlevel過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成Basiccompositionofprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)Processcontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成Basiccompositionofprocesscontrolsystem基本組成Basiccomposition過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)Processcontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成Basiccompositionofprocesscontrolsystem替代人工Replacelabor提升效率與精度Improveefficiencyandaccuracy保障生產(chǎn)安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行EnsuresafeandstableoperationofproductionDefinitionofprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的定義Definitionofprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的定義為實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)某個(gè)（連續(xù)或間歇）工藝參數(shù)的自動(dòng)控制，由相互聯(lián)系、制約的檢測(cè)儀表、控制儀表、控制操作裝置及被控過(guò)程（對(duì)象/設(shè)備）構(gòu)成的一個(gè)整體控制系統(tǒng)。Inordertorealizetheautomaticcontrolofacertain(continuousorbatch)processparameter,anintegralcontrolsystemconsistsofinterrelatedandrestricteddetectioninstruments,controlinstruments,controloperatingdevicesandcontrolledprocesses(objects/equipment).Definitionofprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的定義因此可以認(rèn)為：Itcanthereforebeconsideredthat:過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)=檢測(cè)和控制儀表/裝置+被控(對(duì)象)過(guò)程Processcontrolsystem=detectionandcontrolinstruments/devices+controlled(object)processesBasiccompositionoftheprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成室溫給定值

Givenroomtemperature

被控參數(shù)

Controlledparameter

（室溫）

(roomtemperature)

干擾

f

Interferencef

控制器

Controller

溫度變送器

Temperaturetransmitter

調(diào)節(jié)閥

Regulatorvalve

空氣加熱器及房間

Airheaterandroom

+

e

室溫實(shí)測(cè)值

Measuredroomtemperature

－

室溫控制系統(tǒng)Roomtemperaturecontrolsystem傳感器測(cè)實(shí)時(shí)溫度Thesensormeasuresreal-timetemperature控制器對(duì)比設(shè)定值Thecontrollercomparesthesetvalue執(zhí)行器（加熱器、風(fēng)機(jī)、調(diào)節(jié)閥）調(diào)節(jié)Actuator(heater,fan,regulatingvalve)makesadjustment反饋回路修正偏差FeedbacklooptocorrectthedeviationBasiccompositionoftheprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成室溫給定值

Givenroomtemperature

被控參數(shù)

Controlledparameter

（室溫）

(roomtemperature)

干擾

f

Interferencef

控制器

Controller

溫度變送器

Temperaturetransmitter

調(diào)節(jié)閥

Regulatorvalve

空氣加熱器及房間

Airheaterandroom

+

e

室溫實(shí)測(cè)值

Measuredroomtemperature

－

檢測(cè)Detection控制Control執(zhí)行Implementation反饋FeedbackBasiccompositionoftheprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成被控對(duì)象/工藝過(guò)程

Controlledobject/process

自動(dòng)化儀表與自動(dòng)化裝置

Automationinstrumentsandautomationdevices

給定值

Givenvalue

被控變量

Controlledvariable

干擾

f

Interferencef

控制器

Controller

變送器

Transmitter

執(zhí)行器

Actuator

被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject

+

e

過(guò)程實(shí)測(cè)值

Measuredprocessvalues

（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信號(hào)）

(Standardsignal)

－

過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)原理圖

Schematicdiagramofprocesscontrolsystem

控制器

Controller

執(zhí)行器

Actuator

被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject

變送器

Transmitter

Basiccompositionoftheprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成被控對(duì)象/工藝過(guò)程

Controlledobject/process

自動(dòng)化儀表與自動(dòng)化裝置

Automationinstrumentsandautomationdevices

給定值

Givenvalue

被控變量

Controlledvariable

干擾

f

Interferencef

控制器

Controller

變送器

Transmitter

執(zhí)行器

Actuator

被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject

+

e

過(guò)程實(shí)測(cè)值

Measuredprocessvalues

（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信號(hào)）

(Standardsignal)

－

過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)原理圖

Schematicdiagramofprocesscontrolsystem

主要任務(wù)：對(duì)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的重要（被控）參數(shù)（溫度、壓力、流量、物位、成分、濕度等）進(jìn)行控制，使其按工藝要求保持恒定或按規(guī)定規(guī)律變化。Maintask:Tocontroltheimportant(controlled)parameters(temperature,pressure,flowrate,level,composition,humidity,etc.)intheproductionprocess,sothattheycanbekeptconstantaccordingtotheprocessrequirementsorchangebyspecifiedlaw.Basiccompositionoftheprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的基本組成Exampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例人工控制方式ManualcontrolmodeSafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveManualoperationMentalanalysisVisualinspectionIntakewater控制方法改進(jìn)——自動(dòng)控制Improvementofcontrolmethod-automaticcontrolSafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveIntakewaterActuatorExampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例SafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveManualoperationMentalanalysisVisualinspectionIntakewater例鍋爐液位控制方案Example:Boilerliquidlevelcontrolscheme人工控制方式Manualcontrolmode操作人員以鍋爐液位為操作指標(biāo)，以改變出口閥門(mén)開(kāi)度為控制手段。Anoperatortakestheboilerliquidlevelastheoperatingindexandthechangestheopeningoftheoutletvalveasthecontrolmeans.Exampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例SafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveManualoperationMentalanalysisVisualinspectionIntakewater人工控制方式Manualcontrolmode例鍋爐液位控制方案Example:Boilerliquidlevelcontrolscheme檢測(cè)：通過(guò)“眼看”檢測(cè)液位高低并傳遞給大腦Detection:Detecttheliquidlevelvisuallyandtransmitittothebrain運(yùn)算：大腦“腦想”運(yùn)算得出偏差值并決策Operation:Thebraincalculatestoobtainthedeviationvalueandmakesadecision執(zhí)行：“手動(dòng)”執(zhí)行去調(diào)節(jié)出口閥門(mén)開(kāi)度，以此改變流出量，最終將液位維持在所需高度Execution:"manually"executetoadjusttheopeningoftheoutletvalve,inthisway,theoutflowischanged,finallytheliquidlevelismaintainedatthedesiredheightExampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例控制方法改進(jìn)——自動(dòng)控制Improvementofcontrolmethod-automaticcontrolSafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveIntakewaterActuatorAutomationdeviceSetvalueControllerDetection/TransmitterSafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveIntakewaterActuator例鍋爐液位控制方案Example:Boilerliquidlevelcontrolscheme過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)流程圖（工藝管道及控制流程圖）

Processcontrolsystemflowchart(processpipelineandcontrolflowchart)

核心

是利用自動(dòng)化裝置替代人工操作Itscoreistouseautomateddevicestoreplacemanualoperations.Exampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例控制方法改進(jìn)——自動(dòng)控制Improvementofcontrolmethod-automaticcontrolSafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveIntakewaterActuatorAutomationdeviceSetvalueControllerDetection/TransmitterSafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveIntakewaterActuator例鍋爐液位控制方案Example:Boilerliquidlevelcontrolscheme過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)流程圖（工藝管道及控制流程圖）

Processcontrolsystemflowchart(processpipelineandcontrolflowchart)

檢測(cè)/變送器（LT）Detection/transmitter(LT)控制器（LC）Controller(LC)執(zhí)行器ActuatorExampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例控制方法改進(jìn)——自動(dòng)控制Improvementofcontrolmethod-automaticcontrolSafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveIntakewaterActuatorAutomationdeviceSetvalueControllerDetection/TransmitterSafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveIntakewaterActuator例鍋爐液位控制方案Example:Boilerliquidlevelcontrolscheme過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)流程圖（工藝管道及控制流程圖）

Processcontrolsystemflowchart(processpipelineandcontrolflowchart)

代替人眼Replaceobservationhumaneye代替人腦Replacehumanbrain代替人手ReplacehumanhandsExampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例檢測(cè)/變送器（LT）Detection/transmitter(LT)控制器（LC）Controller(LC)執(zhí)行器Actuator控制方法改進(jìn)——自動(dòng)控制Improvementofcontrolmethod-automaticcontrolSafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveIntakewaterActuatorAutomationdeviceSetvalueControllerDetection/TransmitterSafetyValveHeaterOutflowwaterVentingvalveIntakewaterActuator例鍋爐液位控制方案Example:Boilerliquidlevelcontrolscheme過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)流程圖（工藝管道及控制流程圖）

Processcontrolsystemflowchart(processpipelineandcontrolflowchart)

實(shí)現(xiàn)了鍋爐液位的自動(dòng)控制Theautomaticcontroloftheboilerliquidlevelisrealized提升了控制的精度和效率Therebyimprovingtheaccuracyandefficiencyofcontrol減少了人工干預(yù)的不確定性和勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度TheuncertaintyandlaborintensityofmanualinterventionarereducedExampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例兩種工作方式原理對(duì)比Comparisonoftheprinciplesofthetwoworkingmethods分析決策

Analyticaldecisionmaking

執(zhí)行

Implementation

觀察

Observations

工作對(duì)象

Workobject

預(yù)期

Expected

目標(biāo)

Target

干擾

Interference

調(diào)節(jié)器

Regulator

執(zhí)行

Implementation

檢測(cè)

Detection

被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject

設(shè)定

Setting

液位

Fluidlevel

干擾

Interference

人工控制流程Manualcontrolprocess自動(dòng)控制流程AutomaticcontrolflowExampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例兩種工作方式原理對(duì)比Comparisonoftheprinciplesofthetwoworkingmethods分析決策

Analyticaldecisionmaking

執(zhí)行

Implementation

觀察

Observations

工作對(duì)象

Workobject

預(yù)期

Expected

目標(biāo)

Target

干擾

Interference

人工控制流程Manualcontrolprocess調(diào)節(jié)器

Regulator

執(zhí)行

Implementation

檢測(cè)

Detection

被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject

設(shè)定

Setting

液位

Fluidlevel

干擾

Interference

自動(dòng)控制流程AutomaticcontrolflowExampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例兩種工作方式原理對(duì)比Comparisonoftheprinciplesofthetwoworkingmethods分析決策

Analyticaldecisionmaking

執(zhí)行

Implementation

觀察

Observations

工作對(duì)象

Workobject

預(yù)期

Expected

目標(biāo)

Target

干擾

Interference

人工控制流程Manualcontrolprocess預(yù)期

Expected

目標(biāo)

Target

調(diào)節(jié)器

Regulator

執(zhí)行

Implementation

檢測(cè)

Detection

被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject

設(shè)定

Setting

液位

Fluidlevel

干擾

Interference

自動(dòng)控制流程Automaticcontrolflow分析決策

Analyticaldecisionmaking

執(zhí)行

Implementation工作對(duì)象

Workobject

觀察

Observations分析決策

Analyticaldecisionmaking

干擾

Interference

Exampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例兩種工作方式原理對(duì)比Comparisonoftheprinciplesofthetwoworkingmethods分析決策

Analyticaldecisionmaking

執(zhí)行

Implementation

觀察

Observations

工作對(duì)象

Workobject

預(yù)期

Expected

目標(biāo)

Target

干擾

Interference

人工控制流程Manualcontrolprocess調(diào)節(jié)器

Regulator

執(zhí)行

Implementation

檢測(cè)

Detection

被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject

設(shè)定

Setting

液位

Fluidlevel

干擾

Interference

自動(dòng)控制流程AutomaticcontrolflowExampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例兩種工作方式原理對(duì)比Comparisonoftheprinciplesofthetwoworkingmethods分析決策

Analyticaldecisionmaking

執(zhí)行

Implementation

觀察

Observations

工作對(duì)象

Workobject

預(yù)期

Expected

目標(biāo)

Target

干擾

Interference

調(diào)節(jié)器

Regulator

執(zhí)行

Implementation

檢測(cè)

Detection

被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject

設(shè)定

Setting

液位

Fluidlevel

干擾

Interference

人工控制流程Manualcontrolprocess自動(dòng)控制流程AutomaticcontrolflowExampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例兩種工作方式原理對(duì)比Comparisonoftheprinciplesofthetwoworkingmethods分析決策

Analyticaldecisionmaking

執(zhí)行

Implementation

觀察

Observations

工作對(duì)象

Workobject

預(yù)期

Expected

目標(biāo)

Target

干擾

Interference

調(diào)節(jié)器

Regulator

執(zhí)行

Implementation

檢測(cè)

Detection

被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject

設(shè)定

Setting

液位

Fluidlevel

干擾

Interference

人工控制流程Manualcontrolprocess自動(dòng)控制流程Automaticcontrolflow設(shè)定

Setting液位

Fluidlevel調(diào)節(jié)器

Regulator執(zhí)行

Implementation被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject檢測(cè)

Detection調(diào)節(jié)器

Regulator干擾

Interference

Exampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例兩種工作方式原理對(duì)比Comparisonoftheprinciplesofthetwoworkingmethods分析決策

Analyticaldecisionmaking

執(zhí)行

Implementation

觀察

Observations

工作對(duì)象

Workobject

預(yù)期

Expected

目標(biāo)

Target

干擾

Interference

調(diào)節(jié)器

Regulator

執(zhí)行

Implementation

檢測(cè)

Detection

被控對(duì)象

Controlledobject

設(shè)定

Setting

液位

Fluidlevel

干擾

Interference

人工控制流程Manualcontrolprocess自動(dòng)控制流程Automaticcontrolflow被控過(guò)程

Controlledprocess

檢測(cè)和控制儀表

Detectionandcontrolinstruments

Exampleofaprocesscontrolsystem過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例Thesignificanceofstudyingthecompositionofprocesscontrolsystem研究過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)組成的重要意義Thesignificanceofstudyingthecompositionofprocesscontrolsystem研究過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)組成的重要意義能深入了解系統(tǒng)各部分功能與工作原理，如明確檢測(cè)、控制、執(zhí)行等單元作用，便于精準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)，提升控制精度與穩(wěn)定性。Beabletohaveanin-depthunderstandingofthefunctionsandworkingprinciplesofvariouspartsofthesystem,clarifyingthefunctionsofdetection,control,andexecution,whichfacilitatesaccuratedesignandoptimizationofthesystemandimprovescontrolaccuracyan