第1題Aspaceisplacedbeforeaperiod,andonespaceseparatesaperiodfromthefollowingsentence.第2題Useacommaafteranintroductorydependentclausewhicharesignaledbywordssuchasafter,although,as,because,before,if,since,unless,when,andwhile第3題Usecolonstolinkitemsinaseriesofthreeormore第4題Usecolonstodirectreaderstoexamples,explanations,andsignificantwordsandphrases第5題Usecommatojoinindependentclausescloselyrelatedinthought第6題Thereisaspaceafterthefirstorbeforethefinalquotationmark.

第7題Useparenthesestoseparatematerialfromthemainbodyofasentenceorparagraph.第8題Adashisusedtoclarifyambiguitycausedbymultiplemodifiers.第9題Donotplaceacolonafteraverb,becausetheverbalsointroduces;sothecolonwouldberedundant第10題Useperiodstopunctuatesomeabbreviations第11題A________fallsbetweencommasandparenthesesinregardstothestrengthofseparation.

AperiodBcolonCdashDhyphen第12題Use_______toprovidesourceinformationAdashsBparentheses

ChyphensDcommas第13題Use______aroundmaterialyouareborrowingwordforwordfromsourcesAquotationmarks

Bparentheses

CdashsDsemicolons第14題Use_____toenclosevariousinterruptingwords,phrases,andclauses.AhyphensBquotationmarks

CcolonD

commas第15題第1題Everysentencebeginswithacapitalletter.第2題Articlesatthebeginningofsentencesdonotneedtobecapitalized.第3題Allmainwordsneedtobecapitalizedintitles.第4題Alllettersinacronymsneedtobecapitalized.第5題Weshouldgivethefulltermforacronymsatfirstmention.第6題Acronymsshouldbeputinparenthesesbeforethefullterm.第7題The'shouldalwaysbecapitalizedinpropernouns.第8題Chemicalnamesofmedicationsshouldbecapitalized.第9題Titlesarecapitalizedwhentheyprocedethename.第10題Seasonsneednotbecapitalized.第11題Whichofthefollowingneedstobecapitalizedinatitlewhichcapitalizemainwords?AnounsBprepositionsCarticlesDconjunctions第12題Sentencesbeginningwithnumeralscanberevisedbythefollowingexcept______.AwritingoutthenumberBaddingintroductoryphrasesCrearrangingsentencestructureDputtingthenumberinparenthesis第13題Formedications,weneedtocapitalize______.AchemicalnamesBdosesCbrandnamesDcompositions第14題Forpropernouns,weneednotcapitalize_______.AmonthsBthe'infrontofacertainplaceCnamesDplaces第15題Exercise第1題Somenounscanbeeithercountableoruncountabledependingonthecontext.第2題Uncountablenounsmustbeprecededbyeithera,an,orthe.第3題Themeaningofthesentencedoesn'tchangewhentheadverbismoved.

第4題Anormallyuncountablenounthatisconceptualizedascountablewillusetheindefinitearticlea/an第5題Inacademicwriting,we’dbetterusemorenounclusters.

第6題Academicwritingusuallyrequiresthenounthatexpressestheconceptasgenerallyaspossible.

第7題Academicwritingatthephraselevelrequiresfindingthemostprecisewordavailableforexpressingaconceptoraction.第8題Whenaconceptorrelationshipissimple,trytomakeitcomplex.第9題Contractionsarethewrittenrepresentationofanorallanguageform,andtheyshouldbeavoidedinacademicwriting.

第10題Ifanouncanbeusedtoexpressdifferentbutsimilarconceptsitisprobablyacategorytermandveryprecise

第11題________canaddasenseofpossibility,ability,permission,obligation,necessity,intentionorprediction.

AarticlesBnounsCmodalverbs

Dadverbs第12題_________arethewrittenrepresentationofanorallanguageform

AContractions

BnounclustersCadverbsDarticles第13題Whenaconceptorrelationshipiscomplex,trytoexpressitas________aspossible;AcomplexBsimpleCclearDprecise第14題A________occurswhenoneormorenounsismovedtoapositiondirectlyinfrontofanothernountofunctionasanadjective.Amodalverbs

BadverbsCarticlesDnouncluster

第15題Exercise第1題Aneffectivesentencedoesnotcontainideasthatarenotcloselyrelatedanddoesnotexpressathoughtthatisnotcompletebyitself.第2題Theactivevoiceisusuallymoredirectandvigorousthanthepassive,soweshouldavoidtheuseofthepassivevoiceindifferentsectionsofthepaper.第3題Nounsmadefromverbslike"intention"from"intend"canobscurethekeyactionsofsentencesandaddlengthofasentence.第4題Inscientificandtechnicalwriting,placingthemostcomplicatedinformationattheendofthesentencemakesthesentencelessclear.第5題Thewritersneedtouseparallelismwithsimilargrammaticalforms,structure,andwordordertoachievebalanceinsentences.第6題Theadverbials“itiswellknownthat”,“itisclearthat”,“itisrecognizedthat”andsoonareunnecessarywordyexpressions.第7題Thepluralnounslike"fungi"and"vertebrae"shouldtakepluralverbs.第8題Anonrestrictiveattributiveclausedescribesanouninanessentialway.Itcannotberemovedfromasentence.第9題Inasentence,weshouldemphasizethetopicwhichshouldbeputinthesubjectposition.第10題"Withourlargersamplesizewecouldconducttheexaminationofspecifictypesofanticholinergicdrugs."Thissentenceisinagreementwithacademicstyle.第11題"Increasesat45secondsweregreaterthan()at35seconds."AthatBtheseCthoseDthis第12題“Thepopulation-attributablefractionassociatedwithtotalanticholinergicdrugexposureduringthe1to11yearsbeforediagnosisis10.3%..”Thissentenceisinaccurateas().AThesubjectandtheverbdonotagreeinnumber.BThesubjectandthepredicatedonotmakesensetogether.CThesentencelacksunity.DThetenseisinappropriate.第13題"Thefindingofmorepronouncedassociationsforvasculardementiathanforothertypesarenovel."Thissentenceisinaccurateas().AThesubjectandtheverbdonotagreeinnumber.BThesubjectandthepredicatedonotmakesensetogether.CThesentencelacksunity.DThetenseisinappropriate.第14題IntracranialbleedingisacommoncomplicationofTBI()increasestheriskofdeathanddisability.AthatBwhichC,whichD,that第15題Excercise第1題Thesubjectofthetopicsentenceshouldbethetopicoftheparagraph.第2題Orderofemphasisisalwaysrecommendedinmethodssection.第3題Tomaketheorderofdetailsmoreeffective,chronologicalorderisrecommended.第4題Theorderofdetailswillbeefficientiftheyallowforaminimumofrepetition.第5題Weshouldkeepaconsistentverbtensetostrengthencontinuity.第6題Inordertoemphasizethemostimportantinformation,weshouldalwaysrepeatkeytermsattheendofthesentences.第7題Tomakethelanguagelessrepetitve,weshoulduseasmanywaystoexplainthekeytermsaspossible.第8題Weshouldavoidthesuddenshiftofsentencetopics,soputtingoldinformationbeforenewisagreatstrategy.第9題WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthemostcommonordersofdetailsinSCIpapers?AannouncedorderBtimeorderCcauseandeffectDemphasisorder第10題Whichofthefollowingisnotaconnectivewordthatexpressescontrast?AforanotherthingBevensoConthecontraryDyet第11題Havingafamilyhistoryofdementiaputsyouatgreaterriskofdevelopingthecondition.________,manypeoplewithafamilyhistoryneverdevelopsymptoms.ASoBForinstanceCInbriefDHowever第12題Thepointofviewshouldbethatof____________.AfirstpersonBthirdpersonCsecondpersonDaboveall第13題Itisverycommontousedirectquestionsinacademicwriting.第14題"We"isneverappliedinacademicwriting.第15題Exercise第1題Agoodtitleisthemostpossiblewordsthatadequatelydescribethecontentsofthepaper.第2題Atitleshouldsummarizethecentralideaofthepaperconciselyandcorrectly.第3題Aninformativeandcompletetitleshouldincludethesufficientandnecessaryinformationforreadertoknoweitherwhattheresearchisaboutorwhattheresearchhasdiscovered.第4題Thefunctionofthetitleofadescriptivepaperistoexpresseitherthetopicorthemessageofthepaperthroughtheindependentvariableandthedependentvariableusedinthestudy.第5題Titlesneedtobegeneraltoapotentialreaderquicklyscanningatableofcontentsorperforminganonlinesearch.第6題Beingbriefandconcisemeansyouneedtouseaccurateandclearwordstoindicatetheclearrelationshipbetweenvariablesandexactmeaningofyourresearchpaper.第7題Payingattentiontowordorderinthetitleisimportantbecauseitcaninfluencethereader’sinterestinthepaper.第8題Generally,wordsattheendofthetitlemakethemostimpact.第9題Byremovingextraandunspecificwords,thefinaltitleshouldbeunambiguous,memorable,captivating,andinformative.第10題Correctuseofprepositionsinthetitlemakesitclearerandhelpsthereadertounderstandhowthetitleelementsarerelatedtoeachother.第11題A________isawordoragroupofwordsusedbeforeanoun,pronoun,ornounphrasetoshowdirection,time,place,location,spatialrelationships,ortointroduceanobject.AverbBnounCprepositionDadjective第12題________meansweusetheminimumwordstoprovidethesufficientinformationoftheresearchpaper.AClearityBBrevityCAccuracyDCleartarget第13題In________,phrasesareusedinthetitletoindicatewhatthepaperisabout.Aatopic/phrasetitleBatopic/sentencetitleCameassage/phrasetitleDamessage/sentencetitle第14題In________,phraseareusedinthetitletoindicatewhatthepaperhasfound.Aatopic/sentencetitleBatopic/phrasetitleCamessage/sentencetitleDamessage/phrasetitle第15題Exercise第1題Introductionpartexplains“theknown”,and“theunknown”ofthefield.第2題TwofunctionsofIntroductionaretoprovideenoughinformationandtoarousethereaders'interestincontinuingreadingyourarticle.第3題TheformofIntroductionislikeacone,fromsmalltolargeornarrowtobroad.第4題Introductionendswithaclearstatementsummarizingyourrationale,oryourhypothesisoryourpurpose.第5題Toformulateyourobjective,presenttenseisthebestchoice.第6題Usingproperadverbsisagoodwaytolinkdifferentfactstogethertoproducelogical,cleartext.第7題Youshouldbecautioustociteareferencethatyouhavenotreadandbesuretocitethesourceoftheoriginaldocument.第8題Referencesshouldnotonlybeselectedfromup-datedarticleswithhigherimpactfactors.第9題Originalliteratureshouldbeselectedratherthanreviewarticles.第10題Standardtextbooksasreferencesarealwaysneededtolistaswell.第11題Generally,Introductionsectionaccountsforabout_______ofthetotalwordcountofthebodyofatypicalresearcharticle.A20%B15%C10%D5%第12題Therearegenerally2-5paragraphsintheIntroductionsection,mostcommonly____paragraphs.A3B4C2D5第13題IntheIntroductionsection,todescribesomethingthathasnothappenedyet,_________tenseisrecommended.APastPerfectBPresentCPastDPresentPerfect第14題Toindicatetheorderofyourexperimentalmethodsandresults,whichadverbisthemostappropriate?AHoweverBSubsequentlyCMoreoverDHense第15題Exercise第1題ThesubsectionsoftheMethodsindifferentmedicalpapersfollowsthegenericstructureonly.第2題Interventionscannotbewritteninasinglesubsectionwithasinglesubtitle.第3題Whendrugswereused,statethegenericname,manufacturer,purity,andconcentrationofdrugs,alsostatetheamountofdrugadministeredperkilogramofbodyweightandduration.第4題Whenitcomestohumansubjects,authorsusuallypresentthedetailedinformationintables.第5題Authorsdon'thavetoincludeastatementregardingobtainingapprovalfromtheethicscommitteewithitsregistrationNumber.第6題"TheDeclarationofHelsinki"isasetofethicsprinciplesdevelopedbytheWorldMedicalAssociationtoprovideguidancetoscientistsandphysiciansinmedicalresearchinvolvinghumansubjects.第7題Forawell-knownmethodorapparatus,authorsneednottobedescribed.Onlyprovideareference.第8題AuthorscanonlystatehowtheycalculatedderivedvariablesinMethodsofMeasurementandCalculation.第9題InAnalysisofDatasubsection,authorscanstatethesamplesize(n)ifthesamplesizeanalyzedforeachcomparisonisnotobviousfromthestudydesign.第10題WithineachsubsectionoftheMethods,authorscanorganizetopicsin2typesoforders:eitherchronologicallyorinorderofmosttoleastimportant.第11題METHODSmustanswer3questionsAHowmanyexperiemntshavebeendone?BWhatwasused?CWhatwasdone?DHowwasitdone?正確答案：BCD第12題WhichofthefollowingsubtitlesoftheMethodssectionarefrequentlyusedonesinclinicalstudies?AStudy(Human)SubjectsBInclusionandExclusionCriteriaCStudyDesignDAnalysisofData正確答案：ABCD第13題IntheStudyDesignyouoftenincludethefollowinginformation：AQuestion(s)askedBIndependentvariablesCDependentvariablesDallcontrols正確答案：ABCD第14題Thetypesofdetailsthatareoftenplacedinparenthesesinclude:Amanufacturers'namesBmodelnumbersCweightsDdosesandconcentrations正確答案：ABCDExercise第1題Theresultssectionshouldincludeasmanydataaspossible.第2題Generallytheresultssectionshouldnotincludecomparisonoftheresultswithothers.第3題Dataarealwayspresentedinthetablesandfigures,andneverinthetext.第4題Tablesareusedtopresentspecificinformationorexactvalueswhilefiguresareusedtoshowcomparisons,patternsortrends.第5題Theresultssectioncouldorganizeinchronologicalorder,orintheorderofimportance.第6題Allresultsshouldbegivenequallengthintheresultssection.第7題Unnecessaryintensifierssuchas‘clearly’.‘essential’,‘quite’,‘basically’,‘rather’,‘fairly’‘really’and‘’virtually’shouldbeavoided.第8題Irrelevantresultscouldbeexcludedfromtheresultssection,butresultsthatdonotsupportthehypothesisshouldbereported.第9題Forclinicalstudies,theresultssectiontypicallyincludesparticipantdescription,primaryresults,andsecondaryresults.第10題Theresultssectionisusuallywritteninthepresenttense.第11題Theresultssectionshouldpresentaneffectiveinterplaybetweenthefollowingexcept_____.AtablesBfiguresCtextDreferences第12題Datainthetextoftheresultssectionshouldbe______AaccurateandinternallyconsistentBinnumeralformCrepeatingthoseintablesandfiguresDasdetailedaspossible第13題Clarityinwritingtheresultssectioncouldbeachievedbythefollowingexcept_______AcomparativestructuresBtransitionwordsCeffectiveadjectivesDparallelstructures第14題Weshouldemphasize______intheresultssection.AdataBimportantresultsCtablesDfigures第15題Exercise第1題Inthediscussionsection,youneedtoconvincethereadersthatyouransweristrue,importantandsupportedbyanswersfromotherstudies.第2題Thediscussionsectionfollowstheinvertedconestructure,zoomingoutfromyourmainfindingstotheresearchcontext.第3題Oneofthebestwaystostartthediscussionsectionistostartwiththestudy’smajorfindingsthatprovideananswertotheresearchquestionintheIntroduction.第4題Answertotheresearchquestionorhypothesisshouldbepresentedwiththesamevariables,verbsusedandpointofviewwiththoseinthequestionfromtheintroductionsection.第5題Keyargumentsneednotbepresentedwithreferences.第6題Limitationsshouldbeasspecifictothestudyaspossible.第7題Firstpersonpronounsshouldbeavoidedinthediscussionsection.第8題Thediscussionsectionpresentsdataandinterpretstheresults.第9題Supportoftheanswercouldcomefromboththepresentstudyandotherstudies.第10題Discrepanciesbetweenyourstudyandotherstudiesshouldbeexplained.第11題Whiledescribingthelimitations,weshouldalsoprovide_____.AexplanationsBdataCreferencesDresults第12題Thediscussionsectionisgenerallyorganized______AinchronologicalorderBfrommosttoleastimportantCfromleasttomostimportantDfromspecifictogeneral第13題Strengthofthestudycouldberelatedto____AobjectivesBparticipantsCmethodsDalloftheabove第14題Thediscussionsectionshouldendwith______.AapplicationBrecommendationCimplicationorspeculationDalloftheabove第15題Exercise第1題FiguresandTablesenablewriterstopresentasmallamountofinformationefficientlyandtomakethedatamorecomprehensible.第2題Makesureyourfiguresandtablescanstandalonefromthetextandcommunicateclearlyyourmostsignificantresults.第3題Figuresaremoresuitableforpresentingstatic

orexactnumbersratherthanpronouncedtrends.第4題Figuresarevisualpresentationsofresults,includinggraphs,diagrams,photos,drawings,schematics,maps,etc.第5題Mostfiguresthatpresentquantitativeinformationhavefiveelements,includingdatafield,verticalscale,horizontalscale,labelsanddata.第6題Figurecaptionorlegend,usuallygivenbelowthefigure,describesthefigureandmustreflectthefigureentirely,independentofthemaintext.第7題Atableusuallyshowsnumericalvaluesortextualinformationarrangedincolumnsandrows.第8題Tableshavefourthreeparts:thetitle,thebody,andfootnotes.第9題Theitemsexplainedinthefootnotesofatableareusuallyexperimentalmethods,themeaningofabbreviationsorsymbols,andstatisticalinformation.第10題Columnheadingsofatableconsistofheadingsthatidentifytheitemslistedinthecolumnsbelowthem,subheadingsasnecessary,andunitsofmeasurementasnecessary.第11題___________isaspaceinthefigureinwhichdataarepresentedAFigurenumberBLabelsCDatafieldDFigurelines第12題__________identifythevariablesgraphedandtheunitsofmeasurement.ADatafieldBFigurelinesCLabelsDFigurenumber第13題Donotusea_________whenyouwishtoshowatrendorapatternofrelationshipbetweensetsofvaluesAtableBfigureCtableandfigureDcolumn第14題______________arephrasesorsentencesplacedbelowthebodyofthetablethatexplainitemsinthetitle,columnheadings,orbodyofthetable.AThebodyBThetitleCThecolumnheadingDFootnotes第15題Exercise第1題Figuresshowspecificinformationwhiletablespresentcomparisonsandpatterns.第2題Diagramisatypeofstatisticalfigure.第3題Consistentdesignshouldbeusedforfiguresinonepaper.第4題Figuresshouldbereadableindependentofthetext.第5題Authorsshouldreportdatabothinthetextandinthefigure.第6題Figurelegendsusuallycomebelowthefigure.第7題Figuretitlescouldbeintheformofnounphrase+prepositionphrase.第8題Linegraphsar