托福閱讀真題題庫及參考答案考試時長：120分鐘滿分：100分試卷名稱：托福閱讀真題題庫及參考答案考核對象：托?？荚噦淇颊哳}型分值分布：-判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-單選題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-多選題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-案例分析（總共3題，每題6分）總分18分-論述題（總共2題，每題11分）總分22分總分：100分---一、判斷題（每題2分，共20分）1.ThepassagementionsthatthemainpurposeoftheancientcityofMohenjo-Darowastrade.2.Accordingtothepassage,allcitiesintheIndusValleyhadthesamelayout.3.TheauthorsuggeststhatthedrainagesystemsofIndusValleycitiesweremoreadvancedthanthoseofMesopotamia.4.ThepassagestatesthattheIndusValleycivilizationwascompletelyisolatedfromotherancientcivilizations.5.ArchaeologistsbelievethatthedeclineoftheIndusValleycivilizationwasprimarilyduetoclimatechange.6.ThepassageindicatesthatthepeopleoftheIndusValleycivilizationdidnotusewrittenlanguage.7.TheauthormentionsthatthesealsfoundinIndusValleysiteswereusedforreligiouspurposesonly.8.ThepassagesuggeststhattheIndusValleycivilizationhadamoreegalitariansocietycomparedtoMesopotamia.9.Accordingtothepassage,thecitiesoftheIndusValleywerebuiltwithadvancedarchitecturaltechniques.10.TheauthorconcludesthattheIndusValleycivilizationwasafailurebecauseitdidnotlastaslongasMesopotamia.二、單選題（每題2分，共20分）1.WhatwastheprimaryreasonforthedeclineoftheIndusValleycivilization?A.InvasionbyothercivilizationsB.ClimatechangeandenvironmentaldegradationC.OveruseofresourcesD.Lackofwrittenrecords2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthelayoutofIndusValleycities?A.RandomandunorganizedB.CircularwithnostreetsC.Grid-likewithadvanceddrainagesystemsD.Concentriccircleswithnobuildings3.WhatwasthemainpurposeofthesealsfoundinIndusValleysites?A.ReligiousceremoniesB.TradeandadministrationC.ArtisticexpressionD.Architecturalplanning4.HowdidtheIndusValleycivilizationcomparetoMesopotamiaintermsofsocialstructure?A.MorehierarchicalB.MoreegalitarianC.LessorganizedD.SimilartoancientEgypt5.WhatevidencesupportstheideathattheIndusValleycivilizationhadawell-developedtradenetwork?A.ThepresenceofforeigngoodsincitiesB.TheabsenceoftraderoutesC.ThelackoftradesealsD.Theuseofbartersystemsonly6.WhatwasthemostadvancedaspectofIndusValleyurbanplanning?A.TheuseofstonebuildingsB.TheabsenceofcitiesC.TheadvanceddrainagesystemsD.Theuseofmetaltools7.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthereligiouspracticesoftheIndusValleycivilization?A.TheyhadnoreligiouspracticesB.TheyweresimilartothoseofMesopotamiaC.TheywerefocusedonagricultureD.Theyinvolvedtheworshipofmultipledeities8.WhatwasthemainreasonforthedeclineoftheIndusValleycivilizationaccordingtothepassage?A.WarandinvasionB.EnvironmentalchangesC.OverpopulationD.Lackoftechnologicaladvancement9.HowdidtheIndusValleycivilizationdifferfromotherancientcivilizations?A.TheyhadnocitiesB.TheydidnotusewrittenlanguageC.TheywereisolatedfromothercivilizationsD.Theyhadadvancedurbanplanning10.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefuturestudyoftheIndusValleycivilization?A.ItisafailureandnotworthstudyingB.IthasbeenfullyunderstoodC.ThereisstillmuchtodiscoverD.Itwasnotasignificantcivilization三、多選題（每題2分，共20分）1.WhatevidencesuggeststhattheIndusValleycivilizationhadawell-developedtradenetwork?A.ThepresenceofforeigngoodsincitiesB.TheuseofstandardizedweightsandmeasuresC.TheabsenceoftraderoutesD.Theuseoftradeseals2.WhatwerethekeyfeaturesofIndusValleyurbanplanning?A.AdvanceddrainagesystemsB.Grid-likestreetlayoutsC.TheabsenceofcitiesD.Theuseofstonebuildings3.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthesocialstructureoftheIndusValleycivilization?A.ItwasmorehierarchicalB.ItwasmoreegalitarianC.ItwaslessorganizedD.ItwassimilartoancientEgypt4.WhatevidencesupportstheideathattheIndusValleycivilizationhadawell-developeddrainagesystem?A.ThepresenceofbathroomsinhomesB.TheabsenceofdrainagesystemsC.TheuseofbricksewersD.Thelackofwastemanagement5.WhatwasthemainreasonforthedeclineoftheIndusValleycivilization?A.WarandinvasionB.ClimatechangeandenvironmentaldegradationC.OverpopulationD.Lackoftechnologicaladvancement6.HowdidtheIndusValleycivilizationdifferfromotherancientcivilizations?A.TheyhadnocitiesB.TheydidnotusewrittenlanguageC.TheywereisolatedfromothercivilizationsD.Theyhadadvancedurbanplanning7.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthereligiouspracticesoftheIndusValleycivilization?A.TheyhadnoreligiouspracticesB.TheyweresimilartothoseofMesopotamiaC.TheywerefocusedonagricultureD.Theyinvolvedtheworshipofmultipledeities8.WhatwasthemostadvancedaspectofIndusValleyurbanplanning?A.TheuseofstonebuildingsB.TheabsenceofcitiesC.TheadvanceddrainagesystemsD.Theuseofmetaltools9.WhatevidencesupportstheideathattheIndusValleycivilizationhadawell-developedtradenetwork?A.ThepresenceofforeigngoodsincitiesB.TheuseofstandardizedweightsandmeasuresC.TheabsenceoftraderoutesD.Theuseoftradeseals10.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefuturestudyoftheIndusValleycivilization?A.ItisafailureandnotworthstudyingB.IthasbeenfullyunderstoodC.ThereisstillmuchtodiscoverD.Itwasnotasignificantcivilization四、案例分析（每題6分，共18分）1.AresearcherfindsasealwithananimalfigureinanIndusValleysite.Thesealismadeofsteatiteandhasaninscriptionthatisnotyetdeciphered.DescribehowthissealcouldprovideevidenceaboutthereligiouspracticesortradenetworkoftheIndusValleycivilization.2.Anarchaeologistdiscoversawell-preservedbathroominanIndusValleycity.Thebathroomhasadrainagesystemthatleadstoabricksewer.ExplainhowthisdiscoverysupportstheideathattheIndusValleycivilizationhadadvancedurbanplanning.3.AteamofresearchersfindsevidenceoftradebetweentheIndusValleycivilizationandMesopotamia.TheydiscoverMesopotamianpotteryinanIndusValleycityandIndusValleysealsinaMesopotamiansite.DescribehowthisevidencesupportstheideathattheIndusValleycivilizationhadawell-developedtradenetwork.五、論述題（每題11分，共22分）1.DiscussthekeyfeaturesofIndusValleyurbanplanningandhowtheycomparetootherancientcivilizations.Providespecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.2.ExplainthefactorsthatcontributedtothedeclineoftheIndusValleycivilization.Discusstheevidencethatsupportsthesefactorsandhowtheymighthaveinteractedwitheachother.---標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案及解析一、判斷題1.×ThepassagementionsthatthemainpurposeoftheancientcityofMohenjo-Darowastrade.2.×Accordingtothepassage,notallcitiesintheIndusValleyhadthesamelayout.3.√TheauthorsuggeststhatthedrainagesystemsofIndusValleycitiesweremoreadvancedthanthoseofMesopotamia.4.×ThepassagestatesthattheIndusValleycivilizationwasnotcompletelyisolatedfromotherancientcivilizations.5.√ArchaeologistsbelievethatthedeclineoftheIndusValleycivilizationwasprimarilyduetoclimatechange.6.×ThepassageindicatesthatthepeopleoftheIndusValleycivilizationdidusewrittenlanguage(e.g.,theIndusscript).7.×TheauthormentionsthatthesealsfoundinIndusValleysiteswereusedfortradeandadministrativepurposes,notjustreligiousones.8.√ThepassagesuggeststhattheIndusValleycivilizationhadamoreegalitariansocietycomparedtoMesopotamia.9.√Accordingtothepassage,thecitiesoftheIndusValleywerebuiltwithadvancedarchitecturaltechniques.10.×TheauthordoesnotconcludethattheIndusValleycivilizationwasafailure;itwasasignificantcivilizationdespiteitsdecline.解析-ThepassagedoesnotexplicitlystatethatMohenjo-Daro'smainpurposewastrade,sothestatementisfalse.-ThelayoutofIndusValleycitiesvaried,sothestatementisfalse.-ThepassagehighlightstheadvanceddrainagesystemsofIndusValleycitiescomparedtoMesopotamia,makingthestatementtrue.-TheIndusValleycivilizationhadtradeconnectionswithotherregions,sothestatementisfalse.-Thepassageattributesthedeclinetoclimatechange,makingthestatementtrue.-TheIndusscriptwasfound,indicatingtheuseofwrittenlanguage,sothestatementisfalse.-Sealswereusedfortradeandadministration,notjustreligion,sothestatementisfalse.-Thepassagesuggestsamoreegalitariansociety,makingthestatementtrue.-Theadvancedarchitecturaltechniquesarementioned,makingthestatementtrue.-Theauthordoesnotlabelthecivilizationasafailure;itwasasignificantbutdecliningcivilization,sothestatementisfalse.二、單選題1.BClimatechangeandenvironmentaldegradation2.CGrid-likewithadvanceddrainagesystems3.BTradeandadministration4.BMoreegalitarian5.AThepresenceofforeigngoodsincities6.CTheadvanceddrainagesystems7.DTheyinvolvedtheworshipofmultipledeities8.BEnvironmentalchanges9.DTheyhadadvancedurbanplanning10.CThereisstillmuchtodiscover解析-Thepassageattributesthedeclinetoclimatechangeandenvironmentaldegradation,makingBthecorrectanswer.-Thepassagedescribesthecitiesashavinggrid-likelayoutswithadvanceddrainagesystems,makingCthecorrectanswer.-Sealswereusedfortradeandadministration,makingBthecorrectanswer.-ThepassagesuggestsamoreegalitariansocietycomparedtoMesopotamia,makingBthecorrectanswer.-Thepresenceofforeigngoodsindicatesatradenetwork,makingAthecorrectanswer.-Theadvanceddrainagesystemsarehighlightedasakeyfeature,makingCthecorrectanswer.-Thepassagesuggestsreligiouspracticesinvolvingmultipledeities,makingDthecorrectanswer.-Thedeclineisattributedtoenvironmentalchanges,makingBthecorrectanswer.-Theadvancedurbanplanningismentionedasakeyfeature,makingDthecorrectanswer.-Thepassageimpliesthatthereisstillmuchtodiscoveraboutthecivilization,makingCthecorrectanswer.三、多選題1.A,B,DThepresenceofforeigngoods,theuseofstandardizedweightsandmeasures,andtheuseoftradesealsallsuggestawell-developedtradenetwork.2.A,B,DAdvanceddrainagesystems,grid-likestreetlayouts,andtheuseofstonebuildingsarekeyfeaturesofIndusValleyurbanplanning.3.A,BThepresenceofforeigngoodsandtheuseofstandardizedweightsandmeasuresindicatetrade.4.A,CThepresenceofbathroomsandtheuseofbricksewerssupporttheideaofawell-developeddrainagesystem.5.B,C,DClimatechange,overpopulation,andlackoftechnologicaladvancementarefactorsthatcontributedtothedecline.6.A,B,DTheyhadnocities,didnotusewrittenlanguage,andhadadvancedurbanplanningcomparedtoothercivilizations.7.B,DThepassagesuggestsreligiouspracticessimilartothoseofMesopotamiaandtheworshipofmultipledeities.8.A,C,DTheuseofstonebuildings,advanceddrainagesystems,andtheuseofmetaltoolsareadvancedaspectsofurbanplanning.9.A,B,DThepresenceofforeigngoods,theuseofstandardizedweightsandmeasures,andtheuseoftradesealssuggestawell-developedtradenetwork.10.C,DThereisstillmuchtodiscoveraboutthecivilization,anditwasasignificantcivilizationdespiteitsdecline.解析-Thepresenceofforeigngoods,theuseofstandardizedweightsandmeasures,andtheuseoftradesealsallindicateawell-developedtradenetwork.-Advanceddrainagesystems,grid-likestreetlayouts,andtheuseofstonebuildingsarekeyfeaturesofIndusValleyurbanplanning.-ThepresenceofforeigngoodsandtheuseofstandardizedweightsandmeasuresindicatetradebetweentheIndusValleycivilizationandotherregions.-Thepresenceofbathroomsandtheuseofbricksewerssupporttheideaofawell-developeddrainagesystem.-Climatechange,overpopulation,andlackoftechnologicaladvancementarefactorsthatcontributedtothedecline.-TheIndusValleycivilizationhadnocities,didnotusewrittenlanguage,andhadadvancedurbanplanningcomparedtoothercivilizations.-ThepassagesuggestsreligiouspracticessimilartothoseofMesopotamiaandtheworshipofmultipledeities.-Theuseofstonebuildings,advanceddrainagesystems,andtheuseofmetaltoolsareadvancedaspectsofurbanplanning.-Thepresenceofforeigngoods,theuseofstandardizedweightsandmeasures,andtheuseoftradesealssuggestawell-developedtradenetwork.-Thereisstillmuchtodiscoveraboutthecivilization,anditwasasignificantcivilizationdespiteitsdecline.四、案例分析1.ThesealwithananimalfigurecouldprovideevidenceaboutthereligiouspracticesortradenetworkoftheIndusValleycivilization.Theanimalfiguremightrepresentadeityorasacredanimalintheirreligion,indicatingtheirreligiousbeliefs.Additionally,thesealcouldhavebeenusedintradeasaformofidentificationorasasymbolofauthority,suggestingawell-developedtradenetwork.Thefactthattheinscriptionisnotyetdecipheredaddstothemysteryandpotentialforfurtherdiscoveryabouttheirlanguageandculture.2.Thediscoveryofawell-preservedbathroomwithadrainagesystemthatleadstoabricksewersupportstheideathattheIndusValleycivilizationhadadvancedurbanplanning.Thisindicatesahighlevelofhygieneandorganizationintheircities,astheyhadsystemsinplacetomanagewasteandensurecleanlivingconditions.Theuseofbricksewersalsoshowstheiradvancedarchitecturalandengineeringskills.Thisdiscoveryhelpsusunderstandthesophisticationoftheirurbanplanningandthequalityoflifeintheircities.3.TheevidenceoftradebetweentheIndusValleycivilizationandMesopotamia,suchasMesopotamianpotteryinanIndusValleycityandIndusValleysealsinaMesopotamiansite,supportstheideathattheIndusValleycivilizationhadawell-developedtradenetwork.Thepresenceofforeigngoodsintheircitiesindicatesthattheywerepartofalargertradenetwork,exchanginggoodswithotherregions.Theuseoftradesealsfurthersuggestsasystemoftradeandadministrationthatwaswell-organizedandefficient.Thisevidencehelpsusunderstandtheeconomicandculturalconnectionsbetweendifferentancientcivilizations.五、論述題1.IndusValleyurbanplanninghadseveralkeyfeaturesthatsetitapartfromotherancientcivilizations.Oneofthemostnotablefeatureswastheadvanceddrainagesystems.Thecitieshadwell-plannedstreetswithagrid-likelayout,andthehouseswereconnectedtoanet