和平積極的心態(tài)：老人身體健康的源泉

PhysicalHealthThroughMentalHealthfortheElderly1.中國內(nèi)地十大老年慢性病

Top10ChronicDiseasesinChineseElderly(Mainland)病名(Diseases)Incidence腦卒中Stroke200/100,000/yr高血壓Hypertension40%~45%≥60gr冠心病CoronaryHeartDisease,CHD4%~7%>40gr糖尿病Diabetes6.51%~7.98%慢性阻塞性肺病COPD3%骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎Osteoarthritis.OAO.A.Knee49%骨質(zhì)疏松癥Osteoporosis11%帕金森病Parkinsonism1.6%(Female),1.7%(male)>65yr老年性癡呆Dementia4.8%AD抑郁Depression2%~30%2.10種與心理-行為因素有密切關(guān)系的慢性病

ChronicDiseaseswithpsychological-behavioralstatus(PBS)asetiologicalorexacerbatingfactor病名(diseases)心理-行為因素影響ImpactFactorsbyPBS相關(guān)的心理-行為狀態(tài)(RelatedPBS)腦卒中stroke++情緒激動、精神壓力extremeemotionalresponse,stress冠心病CHD++TypeABehavior(A型行為)恐懼(Fear)depression,Anxiety抑郁、焦慮胃、十二指腸潰湯病PepticUlcer+++Stress應(yīng)激Tension緊張3.病名(diseases)心理-行為因素影響ImpactFactorsbyPBS相關(guān)的心理-行為狀態(tài)(RelatedPBS)緊張性頭痛、頸痛、腰痛+++Tension緊張Stress應(yīng)激原發(fā)性纖維肌痛綜合征(FMS)++Stress應(yīng)激糖尿病Diabetes+Anxiety焦慮depression激惹性結(jié)腸綜合征（ICS）+焦慮，應(yīng)激慢性疲勞綜合征（CFS）+++抑郁depression癌癥Cancer±精神創(chuàng)傷、強迫行為4.心理健康和身體健康

MentalHealthandPhysicalHealthAsoundmindinasoundbody(健全的精神寓于健全的身體)Morepeoplearesickbecausetheyareunhappythanunhappybecausetheyaresick.(比起那些因患病而心情不舒暢的人來說,有更多人是因心情不舒暢而患病)5.心理因素的病理生理效應(yīng)

PathophysiologicaleffectsofpsychologicalstatusOnarteriosclerosis(對動脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生和發(fā)展的影響)Suddenandtransientstressfuleventsinvolvewiththedysfunctionofendotheliumandtheadhesionoftheplatelets

短暫的應(yīng)激事件與內(nèi)皮功能不良及血小板粘附有關(guān)Phobiamightbeassociatedwiththedevelopmentofacutemyocardialinfarct.恐怖癥與急性心肌梗死發(fā)生和發(fā)展有關(guān)Depressionwillenhancethepainfulanddistressfeelingofthepatientswithchronicdiseases抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不適的感覺6.心理因素與免疫功能

ImmunityFunctionandPsychologicalstatus

情緒抑郁會抑制免疫系統(tǒng)功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患某些感染性疾病，如感冒Depressioninhibitsimmunologicalsystem.Apersonwithdepressionmightbesusceptibletosomeinfections,e.g.commoncold.(Berkowetal.1999)

情緒的改善（尤其歡樂、滿足感）能加強免疫系統(tǒng)的功能，促進(jìn)癌癥等的康復(fù)。Abettermoodimprovesthefunctionofimmunologicalsystem,e.g.inanticancer(Levyetal.1998)7.生活不過于緊張，情緒不過于激動，有助于加強免疫機制，（應(yīng)激能降低免疫系統(tǒng)功能）Alifestylewithlessemotionaltensionandagitationishelpfulforenhancingimmunologicalmechanism心理和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)、免疫系統(tǒng)的細(xì)胞之間，通過生量信息相互影響，通過“心理神經(jīng)免疫學(xué)”的研究，將能更多揭示心理狀態(tài)通過神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的中介而影響免疫系統(tǒng)功能。

Anewbranchofsciencepsychoneuroimmunology.PNI.willrevealtheinteractionandeffectsbetweenpsychologicalstatusandimmunologicalresponsesthroughneurohoumonalmechanism.8.慢性病者常有的負(fù)性心理和情緒

Negativepsychologicalprofilescommonlyseeninpatientswithchronicdiseases抑郁Depression心理性依賴Psychologicaldependence焦慮Anxiety心理性緊張Tension恐懼Phobia應(yīng)激（心理-社會）Stress悲觀Pessimism孤癖、離群心理Psychologicalwithdrawal9.以心理健康促進(jìn)身體健康

幫助和鼓勵慢性病者不僅注意增進(jìn)身體上的健康，也要注意增進(jìn)心理上的健康，而且要善于以心理上的健康促進(jìn)身體上的健康。

PeoplewithChronicDiseasesshouldmaketheirbesttoimprovementalhealthaswellasphysicalhealth.Everybodyshouldtrytofacilitatephysicalhealthwithmentalhealth.10.改善心理狀態(tài)促進(jìn)心理健康的六大措施

Tenstepstowardsmentalhealth1.松弛療法Relaxationtherapy2.應(yīng)激控制Managementofstress3.心理輔導(dǎo)Psychologycounseling4.行為及性格改變Modificationofpersonality5.社會支持Socialsupport6.藥物治療Medication11.松弛療法

RelaxationTherapy1.運動松弛法exercise(TaiChi,walking,swimming)2.按摩松弛法massage(self-massage,sedative,therapeuticmassage)3.氣功松弛法ChiKung,Transcendentalmeditation4.音樂松弛法MusicTherapy(sedative,anxiolytic,relaxing)5.溫浴松弛法Hydrotherapy(warmspa)12.6.文娛松弛法recreation(dancing,hiking,relaxingsports)7.書畫松弛法calligraphyandpainting8.作業(yè)松弛法occupationaltherapy(artsandcrafts)9.度假松弛法Resortvacation10.飲食松弛法Herbalfoodtherapy(sedative)13.應(yīng)激控制

StressControl1.“Escape”fromthestressor離開應(yīng)激原(人、地、事)(stressfulevent,dailyhassel,unpleasantenvironment)2.Speakitout,說出煩惱、不滿、焦慮(tomakeadequateemotionalexpression)3.Relaxationtechnique,e.g.RelaxedKungFu(RKF)(ChiKung)練習(xí)松靜功及其他，松弛療法RKF=Relaxedpositioning+relaxedbreathing+relaxedmind(靜身+靜息+靜心)4.Seekforassistancetodiscussandsolvetheproblem尋求援助減壓（向親友、同事、有關(guān)機構(gòu)）14.心理輔導(dǎo)

PsychologicalCounseling1.Explainingthedisease/injury,implication,prognosis.2.Answeringthequestionsraisedbytheclients.3.Givingadviceonmodifyinglifestyle.4.Givingadviceonbehavioraladjustment.15.性格及行為改變

ModificationofPersonalityandBehavior16.社會支持

SocialSupport

來自家庭、朋友