第1題Whichtypeoftransportationisbestsuitedformovingsmallandlightitemsorafewpeopleovershortdistancesduetoitsflexibility?ARailtransportBRoadtransportCAirtransportDWatertransport第2題Whenwasthefirstpublicrailwayintheworldopened?A1825B1804C1835D1853第3題Whoiscreditedwithdesigningandconstructingthefirststeamlocomotivefortractiononroadsin1804?ANicholesCarnotBRichardTrevithickCGeorgeStephensonDZhanTianyou第4題Whichofthefollowingareadvantagesofurbanrailtransitcomparedtoroadtransportation?AHighcapacityBExtensivecoverageCPunctualityDLoweremissions正確答案：ABCD第5題WhatweresomekeyfeaturesoftheadvancementsinurbanrailtransitinChinainthe21stcentury?AAutomatedtrainsBContactlesspaymentsystemsCReal-timepassengerinformationDSteamlocomotives正確答案：ABC第6題Whataresomechallengesaddressedbyurbanrailtransitinlargecities?ATrafficcongestionBAirpollutionCHigh-speedcargotransportDLackofurbanmobility正確答案：ABD第7題Urbanrailtransitismoreeconomicalforlong-distancetravelthanairtravel.第8題ThefirstrailwayinGermanywasopenedbetweenNurenbergandFurthin1835.第9題ThedevelopmentofurbanrailtransitinChinastartedwiththeopeningofthefirstmetrosysteminBeijingin1959.第1題Whatisthetypicalmaximumspeedofhigh-speedinterurbantrains?A100km/hB150km/hC200km/hD250km/h第2題Whichcategoryofright-of-wayismostcommonlyusedforlightrailtransitsystems?ACategoryABCategoryBCCategoryCDCategoryD第3題Whichofthefollowingpropulsionunitsismostcommonlyusedontrolleybuses?ADieselinternalcombustionengineBElectricmotorCGasolineinternalcombustionengineDGasturbine第4題Whichofthefollowingareconsideredurbanrailwaysystems?AMetrosBTramsCMonorailsystemDHigh-speedtrains正確答案：ABC第5題WhatarethemaincharacteristicsofCategoryAright-of-way?AFullycontrolledBWithoutgradecrossingsCLegalaccessbyothervehiclesorpersonsDTypicallyusedforlightrailtransitsystems正確答案：AB第6題Whattypesofsupportarecommonforurbanrailvehicles?ARubbertireonconcreteBSteelwheelonsteelrailCAircushionDMagneticlevitation正確答案：ABD第7題Paratransitservicestypicallyfollowsetroutesandscheduleslikepublictransport.第8題Maglevtrainsuseelectromagneticattractionorrepulsiontolevitatethetrain.第9題Urbanrailsystemslikemetrosandtramsaregenerallycharacterizedbylowimplementationcosts.2.1Exercises第1題Whichtypeofurbanrailtransitnetworkischaracterizedbyforminganetworkthatradiatesoutwardfromacitycenter?ACentralizedinCentralAreaBRadialTypeCPetersenTypeDRadialLoopNetwork第2題Whatisthemaindisadvantageofagrid-likestructure?ATransferstationsaretooconcentratedinthecentralareaBComplexrouteplanninganddifficultimplementationCPoorconnectivitybetweenparallellines,leadingtoinconvenienttransfersDFewlines,leadingtoinsufficientcoverage第3題WhatisthemaincharacteristicoftheCauerprototypenetwork?AAlllinesradiatefromasinglecentralpointBEverylineinthenetworkmustintersectwitheveryotherlineonceCAcentralloopisformedinthecitycenterDItfeaturesagrid-likestructurewithparallelandperpendicularlines第4題Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofthedendriticstructure?AFewintersectionsbetweenlinesBPassengerscanreachtheirdestinationwithintwotransfersCHighconstructiondifficultyDEvendistributionofpassengerflow正確答案：AB第5題Whichofthefollowingareadvantagesoftheradialnetworkstructure?AExcellentconnectivitybetweendowntownandsuburbanareasBSimpleconstructionwithstraightlinesCReducedcongestioninthecitycenterDEasilyaccessiblecentralpoint正確答案：AD第6題WhichofthefollowingnetworktypeswereproposedforBerlincity?APetersenTypeBCauerTypeCSchimpffTypeDTurnerType正確答案：ABC第7題Inagrid-likestructure,thelinestypicallyintersectinaparallelogramshape.第8題Theradialloopnetworkstructureimprovespassengerflowbetweensuburbanareasbyaddinglooplines.第9題Thedendriticstructureallowsforahighlyuniformdistributionofpassengerflowacrossalllines.2.2Exercises第1題Whichaspectisconsideredthecorepartofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?AResearchonurbanbackgroundBResearchonnetworkarchitectureplanningCResearchonnetworkimplementationplanningDResearchontransportationpolicies第2題WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheresearchonurbanbackgroundforrailtransitnetworkplanning?AAnalysisofurbanlanduseBPredictionofpassengerflowCStudyofurbaneconomicdevelopmentDInvestigationofnaturalconditions第3題Whatisthemainpurposeofoperationplanninginurbanrailtransitnetwork?ATomaximizesocialbenefitsbyensuringsafe,quick,andconvenientpassengertransportBToreducetheconstructioncostofthenetworkCToincreasethenumberoftransferstationsinthecityDToenhancethearchitecturaldesignofstations第4題Whichofthefollowingarekeyelementsofnetworkimplementationplanning?AResearchonlinelayingmodeBAnalysisofurbannaturalconditionsCDeterminationoflandusescopeDResearchonsiteselectionandscaleofcomprehensivebase正確答案：ACD第5題Whichofthefollowingareconsideredintheresearchonnetworkarchitectureplanning?AGeometricstructureofthenetworkBUrbanstructuralformCEngineeringlanduseDPassengerflowforecast正確答案：ABD第6題Whatarethekeyaspectsofresearchonurbanbackgroundinrailtransitnetworkplanning?AUrbaneconomicdevelopmentBAnalysisofrelevantpoliciesCTrafficbackgroundofthecityDComprehensiveevaluationofnetworkscheme正確答案：ABC第7題Networkimplementationplanningiscrucialforthepracticalityofurbanrailtransit,andlackofitmayleadtopoorpracticality.第8題Thefinalplanningschemeforthenetworkarchitectureisdeterminedbycomparingmultiplenetworkplanningschemesthroughpassengerflowpredictionresultsandevaluationmethods.第9題Researchontheurbanbackgroundfornetworkplanningincludesthestudyofpassengerflowforecastsandcomprehensivenetworkevaluation.2.3Exercises第1題Whatisthefirststepinurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?AResearchonurbandevelopmentstrategyBCollectionandinvestigationofsocialandeconomicdataCPredictionofpassengerdemandDTestingthepassengerflowforeachnetworkscheme第2題Whichstepinvolvesanalyzinganddemonstratingthelong-termstrategicobjectivesofurbandevelopment?AThefourthstepBThesecondstepCThesixthstepDTheninthstep第3題Inwhichstepisthefuturedevelopmentscaleoftheurbanrailtransitnetworkdetermined?AThirdstepBFifthstepCSixthstepDEighthstep第4題Whichofthefollowingarepartoftheprocessofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?AEvaluationofvariousplanningalternativesBClarificationofplanningobjectivesCConstructionofrailtransitlinesDPlanningimplementationandrevision正確答案：ABD第5題Whatdoestheseventhstepofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanninginvolve?APreparingthenetworkplanningschemeBTestingthepassengerflowCEstablishinganevaluationindexsystemDRepeatingtheinteractionwithpassengerflowprediction正確答案：AD第6題Whichofthefollowingareanalyzedduringthefifthstepofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?ATotalenergyconsumptionBPassengerflowtransfervolumeCTotallanduseDComprehensiveurbantransportationstrategy正確答案：ACD第7題Theprocessofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanningislinearanddoesnotinvolverepetitivesteps.第8題Testingthepassengerflowforeachnetworkschemeisconductedafterpreparingthenetworkplanningscheme.第9題Thepreferredschemeinurbanrailtransitnetworkplanningisselectedafterqualitativeandquantitativeanalysisofdifferentschemes.2.4Exercises第1題Whichprincipleemphasizestheimportanceofadheringtonationalstandardsinurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?ATherouteshouldbealongtheurbanarteryBNetworkplanningshallconformtonationalstandardsCResourcesharingisnecessaryfornetworkplanningDTheconstructionofeachlineshallbebasedonnetworkplanning第2題Whatshouldbeconsideredwhenplanningroutestominimizeinterferencewithlocalresidents'lives?ATheroutesshouldpassthroughlargepassengerflowdistributionpointsBTheroutesshouldbealongtheurbanarteryCTheroutesshouldbeconsistentwiththemainpassengerflowdirectionDTheroutesshouldreflecttheunityofstability,continuity,andflexibility第3題Whichprinciplediscussestheimportanceofintegratingurbanrailtransitwithotherpublictransportnetworksandexternalpassengertransportationhubs?AResourcesharingBReflectingunityofstability,continuity,andflexibilityCEnsuringconnectionwithotherpublictransportnetworksDQualitativeandquantitativeanalysisofschemes第4題Whichofthefollowingprinciplesshouldbefollowedtomaximizethebenefitsofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?ATherouteshallpassthroughorbeclosetolargepassengerflowdistributionpointsBTheconstructionofeachlineshallbebasedonnetworkplanningCThenetworklayoutshouldminimizeconstructionandoperationcostsDNetworkplanningshallconformtonationalstandards正確答案：ABD第5題Whichaspectsareconsideredinthequalitativeandquantitativeanalysisofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanningschemes?ATheurbanfunctionscaleBGeologicalandtopographicalconditionsCHistoricalrelicsprotectionDUrbandevelopmentstrategy正確答案：ABD第6題Whichprinciplesarecrucialforensuringtheadaptabilityandlong-termsustainabilityoftheurbanrailtransitnetwork?AReflectingtheunityofstability,continuity,andflexibilityBPassingthroughorbeingclosetolargepassengerflowdistributionpointsCConnectingwithotherpublictransportnetworksDConsideringnatural,cultural,andgeographicalconstraints正確答案：AD第7題Theprincipleofresourcesharinginnetworkplanningsuggeststhatmultiplelinesshouldshareresourceslikedepotstooptimizeurbanlanduse.第8題Thenetworklayoutinurbanrailtransitplanningshouldprioritizeminimizingpassengertraveltimeandthenumberoftransfers.第9題Inurbanrailtransitplanning,routesshouldalwaysavoidlargepassengerflowdistributionpointstoreducecongestion.3.1Exercises第1題Whatisthetypicalspacingintervalforstationsalongurbanrailtransitroutesinurbanareas?A500metersB1kilometerC2kilometersD3kilometers第2題Whichtypeofurbanrailtransitlineistypicallyusedinthebusycentralareasofcitiestominimizeimpactontheurbanenvironment?ASurfacelinesBElevatedlinesCUndergroundlinesDCircularlines第3題Whatkindofurbanrailtransitlinehasbranchlinesthatdivergefromthemainlineataspecificstation?AStraightlinesBCircularlinesC“Y”-shapedlinesDAuxiliarytracks第4題Whichfactorsshouldbeconsideredwhenchoosingbetweenunderground,surface,andelevatedlinesforurbanrailtransit?AUrbanplanningBRoadconditionsCPopulationdensityDEnvironmentalconditions正確答案：ABCD第5題Whichofthefollowingareconsideredauxiliarytracksinurbanrailtransitsystems?ACrossovertracksBTurnbacktracksCStablingtracksDMainlinetracks正確答案：ABC第6題Whatarethemaintypesofurbanrailtransitlineforms?AStraightlinesBCircularlinesC“Y”-shapedlinesDDepotyardtracks正確答案：ABC第7題Urbanrailtransitroutesareeasytomodifyoncetheyareestablished.第8題Surfacelinesaretypicallythemostcost-effectivetypeofurbanrailtransitlines.第9題Circularlinesdonotrequireaterminalstationonthecircle.3.2.1Exercises第1題Whatistheprimarypurposeofaturnbacktrackinurbanrailtransit?AParkingtrainsovernightBChangingtrainrunningroutesordirectionsCConductingmajormaintenanceworkDServingasapassengerplatform第2題Whichturnbackmethodensuresnoconflictingroutebetweendepartingandarrivingtrains?AFront-endturnbackBRear-endturnbackCTransverselyaligningturnbackDLongitudinallyaligningturnback第3題Whattypeofcrossoverconsistsofadiamondcrossingandfoursetsofregularsingleturnouts?ASinglecrossoverBScissorscrossoverCTerminal-stylecrossoverDThrough-stylecrossover第4題Whichfactorscancategorizethelayoutofturnbacktracks?ATurnbackmethodsBRelationshipwithplatformsCConnectionmethodsDTraintypes正確答案：ABC第5題Whatarethemaintypesofstablingtrackarrangements?ALongitudinallyalignedBTransverselyalignedCParallelalignedDPerpendicularaligned正確答案：AB第6題Whatarethekeycomponentsofasinglecrossover?AAstraighttrackBTwosetsofregularsingleturnoutsCDiamondcrossingDShorttransitionaltracks正確答案：AB第7題Stablingtracksareusedprimarilyforconductingmajormaintenanceworkontrains.第8題Crossoversaretracksthatconnectmainlineuptracksanddowntracksusingturnoutsorswitches.第9題Rear-endturnbacktracksarelesscommonlyusedduetotheirshorterturnbackdistance.3.2.2Exercises第1題Whatistheprimarypurposeofconnectingtracksinurbanrailtransitsystems?ACarryingpassengersBFacilitatingvehiclepassagebetweenlinesCServingasmainlinetracksDProvidingadditionalstationplatforms第2題Howisadepotaccesstracktypicallydesignedtoconnectwiththemainlineatastation?AAlwaysasadoublelineBAlwaysasanelevatedlineCAsasingleordoubleline,at-gradeorelevatedDAlwaysat-grade第3題Whatistheminimumtypicallengthofasafetylineforsidingtracks?A20metersB30metersC40metersD50meters第4題Whatarethemainpurposesofconnectingtracksinurbanrailtransitsystems?ASwitchinglinesforvehicleresourcessharingBServingasrescuepassagesinemergenciesCTransportingpassengersDTransportinglargeequipment正確答案：ABD第5題Whichfactorsshouldbeconsideredwhenpositioningconnectingtracks?AEngineeringsimplicityBMinimalconstructioninterferenceCPassengerflowDMinimaldemolition正確答案：ABD第6題Howcandepotaccesstracksintersectwiththemainline?AAt-gradecrossingsBElevatedcrossingsCPerpendicularcrossingsDParallelcrossings正確答案：AB第7題Connectingtracksareprimarilyusedforpassengeroperations.第8題Sidingtrackshelppreventconflictsbetweentrainsenteringorleavingadepottrackandtrainsonthemainline.第9題Elevatedcrossingsfordepotaccesstrackshavelowerengineeringcostscomparedtoat-gradecrossings.3.3.1Exercises第1題Whatistheidealplanelayoutforarailtransitroute?AMostlycurvedsectionswithlargeradiiBAmixofstraightandcurvedsectionsCAsmanystraightsectionsaspossiblewithminimalcurvedsegmentsDCurvedsectionsonly第2題WhatistheminimumcircularcurveradiusfortypeAtrainsonmainlineurbanrailtransitroutes?A200metersB250metersC300metersD600meters第3題Whichfactorsshouldbeconsideredwhensettingtheminimumcircularcurveradiusforurbanrailtransitroutes?ATypeofrollingstockBDesignedoperatingspeedCTerrainconditionsDPassengercapacity正確答案：ABC第4題Whatarethekeyelementsinthedesignoftheplanelayoutofurbanrailtransitroutes?AMinimumcircularcurveradiusBAlignmentandlengthofcompoundtransitioncurvesCLengthofstraighttangenttracksDMaximumtrainspeed正確答案：ABC第5題Whyshouldstationplatformsprimarilybesituatedonstraightsectionsoftrack?ABettervisibilityfortrainoperatorsandstaffBReducedoperationalchallengesCLowerconstructioncostsDEnhancedpassengersafety正確答案：ABD第6題Theintroductionofcurvedsectionsinurbanrailtransitroutesisoftennecessarytoadapttochangesinterrainoravoidobstacles.第7題Compoundcurvesshouldbeavoidedinurbanrailtransitroutesunlessthereissufficienttechnicaljustification.第8題Stationplatformsoncurvedsectionsshouldhaveacircularcurveradiusnotlessthan500meterstoensurepassengersafety.3.3.2Exercises第1題WhatisthemaximumgradientgenerallyallowedundernormalconditionsforurbanrailtransitinChina?A25‰B30‰C35‰D40‰第2題Whatisthepreferredgradientforundergroundstationplatformstopreventtrainslippingandensureproperdrainage?ALevelgradientB2‰C3‰D5‰第3題Whatistheminimumdistancerequiredbetweentwoverticalcurvesforthebenefitoftrainoperationandtrackmaintenance?A25metersB30meterC50metersD100meters第4題Whichfactorsinfluencetheverticalalignmentofurbanrailtransittracks?AUrbangeologicalconditionsBCrossingriversCOperationalrequirementsDPassengercapacity正確答案：ABC第5題Whatarethekeytechnicalelementsinthedesignofthelongitudinalsectionofthetrack?AMaximumgradientBLengthofgradientsectionsCRadiiofverticalcurvesDTrainspeed正確答案：ABC第6題Whatarethecharacteristicsoftheslopesforgroundandelevatedstationplatforms?ALevelgradientBGradientnotexceeding3‰inchallengingsectionsCUpto5‰indifficultsituationsDTypicallymorestraightforwarddrainagesolutions正確答案：ABD第7題Verticalcurvesshouldnotbeplacedwithinthecalculatedlengthoftheplatformandturnoutrangetoensureplatformsmoothnessandpassengersafety.第8題Theminimumgradientintunnelsforurbanrailtransittracksisgenerallynotlessthan2‰.第9題Elevatedlinesrequiretheslopestobeassteepaspossibletoalignwithurbanaesthetics.3.4.1Exercises第1題Whatisamajoradvantageofundergroundurbanrailtransitinfrastructures?ALowerconstructioncostsBMinimalinterferencewithsurfacetrafficCHighernoiselevelsDLimitedoperationalcapacity第2題Whichconstructionmethodforundergroundstructuresinvolvesprefabricatingtunnelsectionsandconnectingthemunderwater?AOpen-cutconstructionBNATMCShieldtunnelingDImmersedtubemethod第3題Whatisthetypicalinnerdiameterofcirculartunnelsusedinurbanrailtransitsystems?A4.3metersB5metersC5.5metersD9.5meters第4題Whatarethebenefitsofshallow-buriedundergroundstructures?AConvenientandcost-effectiveBMinimalimpactonundergroundpipelinesCEasyaccessforpassengersDLimiteddisruptiontosurfacetraffic正確答案：AC第5題Whichfactorsinfluencethechoiceofcross-sectionaldesignforundergroundurbanrailtransitstructures?ABurialdepthBGeologicalconditionsCCostconsiderationsDOperationalexpenses正確答案：ABC第6題Whatarethecommoncross-sectionalshapesusedinundergroundurbanrailtransitstations?ARectangularBCircularCArch-shapedDElliptical正確答案：ABCD第7題Deep-buriedundergroundstructurestypicallyinvolveverticaldifferencesoflessthan20metersbetweenthetracksurfaceandtheground.第8題Thecut-and-covermethodincludesshieldtunnelingandNATM.第9題Single-levelundergroundstationstructuresaremorecommonthandouble-levelstructures.3.4.2Exercises第1題Whichofthefollowingbeamtypesiscommonlyusedinurbanrailtransitelevatedbridgesandistypicallymadeofpre-stressedconcrete?ASlabbeamsBRidgebeamsCBoxbeamsDPlatebeams第2題Whatistheminimumclearanceforelevatedsectionscrossingmainrailwaylinesinurbanrailtransitsystems?A4.50metersB5.00metersC5.70metersD6.75meters第3題Whichtypeoffoundationissuitableforsandyandsoftsoilfoundationsinurbanrailtransitelevatedbridges?ASpreadfootingsfoundationBPilefoundationsCShallowfoundationsDRockfoundations第4題Whatarethecomponentsofurbanrailtransitelevatedbridges?ABeamsBPiersandabutmentsCFoundationsDTrackrails正確答案：ABC第5題Whataresomecommonformsofpiersandabutmentsinurbanrailtransitelevatedbridges?AInvertedtrapezoidB"T"shapeCTwin-columnDCircular正確答案：ABC第6題Whatshouldbeconsideredinthedesignofpiersandabutmentsforelevatedbridges?AStrengthandstabilityBAestheticsCIntegrationwiththeurbanenvironmentDSoundbarriers正確答案：ABC第7題The"Y"shapebridgepiersaresimplertoconstructcomparedto"T"shapepiers.第8題Elevatedbridgeclearancesovermainroadsinurbanrailtransitsystemsaretypicallysetat5.00meters,withsomeexceptionsallowingfor5.50meters.第9題Soundbarriersarenecessaryforsectionsofelevatedtracksthatareveryclosetoresidentialareastoreducenoiseimpact.3.5Exercises第1題Whatisthe'loadinggauge'inrailwayterminology?AThemaximumsizeofatrainanditsloadBTheminimumsizeofatrainanditsloadCThespacebetweentracksDThespeedlimitfortrains第2題Whichtypeofclearancegaugeincludesallowancesforlateralandverticalswaycausedbywind?AVehiclekinematicgaugeBLinesidestructurelimitgaugeCConstructiongaugeDTunnelvehicleclearance第3題Whatdoestheconstructiongaugedictateinurbanrailtransit?AThespeedlimitfortrainsBTheshape,dimensions,andpositionsofstructuresCThemaximumsizeofatrainanditsloadDThedistancebetweentracks第4題Whatfactorsareconsideredindeterminingtheclearancegauge?AVehiclecontourorloadinggaugeBTrackcharacteristicsCEquipmentinstallationDConstructionmethods正確答案：ABCD第5題Whatarethemaintypesofclearancegaugeinurbanrailtransit?AVehiclekinematicgaugeBLinesidestructurelimitgaugeCConstructiongaugeDSpeedlimitgauge正確答案：ABC第6題Whichtypesofconstructiongaugesarementionedinthedocument?ATunnelconstructiongaugeBElevatedlineconstructiongaugeCGround-levellineconstructiongaugeDDepotandyardconstructiongauge正確答案：ABCD第7題Thevehiclekinematicgaugeislargerthanthestaticvehiclecontourorloadinggauge.第8題Linesidestructurelimitgaugeincludesallowancesformaintenancelimitsandsafetymargins.第9題Constructiongaugespecifiesthattemporaryconstructionsmayintrudewithinthisgauge.3.6Exercises第1題Whatistheprimarypurposeofdistancemarkersinurbanrailtransitsystems?AToindicatethespeedlimitfortrainsBToshowthedistancefromthestartingpointofthelineCTodisplaythegradientofthetrackDTomarkthelocationofcurves第2題Whatdoesagradientsignindicateinurbanrailtransit?ATheradiusofanupcomingcurveBThedistancefromthestartingpointCWhetherasectionisuphillordownhillDThestoppingpositionforatrain第3題Whichtypeofsignisusedtoindicatethedesignatedstoppinglocationfortrains?ADistancemarkerBCurvesignCStoppingmarkerDGradientsign第4題Whatinformationisprovidedbyraillinetracksignsandsymbolsinurbanrailtransitsystems?ADistancemarkersBCurvesignsCGradientsignsDSpeedlimits正確答案：ABC第5題WhichsignsarenotusedtoindicatethatatrainisapproachingastationinChina'surbanrailtransitsystem?ADistancemarkersBStationproximitywarningsignsCGradientsignsDStopindicators正確答案：ACD第6題Whatarethefunctionsofsignalindicatorsandmarkersinurbanrailtransit?AFoulingpointindicatorBStoppingmarkerCSpeedlimitmarkerDStationproximitywarningsign正確答案：ABD第7題Thefoulingpointindicatorisrepresentedbyalternatingredandwhitestripesandisusedtoindicatethestoppingpositionforatrainnearatrackjunction.第8題Astopindicatorintherailwaysystemfunctionssimilarlytoastopsignonahighway,instructingtrainoperatorstocometoacompletestop.第9題Distancemarkersareseteverykilometeronurbanrailtransitlinestoindicatethedistancefromthestartingpoint.4.1Exercises第1題Whatistheprimaryfunctionofballastinthesuperstructureofarailwaytrack?ATosupportandguidethetrainwheelsBTodistributetheloadsappliedtotherailsandkeepthemataconstantspacingCToensurethedampingofmostofthetrainvibrationsandprovidefastdrainageofrainwaterDToreducemigrationoffinematerialintotheballast第2題Whichcomponentoftherailwaytracksuperstructureisresponsiblefordistributingloadsandkeepingtherailsataconstantspacing?ARailsBSleepers(ties)CBallastDSub-ballast第3題Whatisthemainpurposeofthesubgradeinthesubstructureofarailwaytrack?AToprovideauniformlevelsurfaceanddrainageBTotransferthetrainloadsdistributionfromthesuperstructureCToactasasurfacereducingthestressatthebottomoftheballastlayerDToprotectthesubgradetopfromthepenetrationofballastrocks第4題Whattypesofforcessubjecttherailwaytracktoheavystresses?AVerticalloadsBLateralforcesCLongitudinalforcesDContactstresses正確答案：ABCD第5題Whichcomponentsarepartoftherailwaytrack'ssuperstructure?ARailsBSleepers(ties)CBallastDSubgrade正確答案：ABC第6題Whataresomerequirementsforthedesignofrailwaytrackstoensureefficientoperationandlowcosts?APermissiblespeedsandaxleloadsBGoodlateralstrengthCElectricallyinsulatedtracksDGooddrainagesystem正確答案：ABCD第7題Theformationlayerinarailwaytrackisoptionalinsomerailwaytracks.第8題Thehighestlevelofstressintherailwaytrackstructureoccursbetweenthewheelandthesleeper.第9題Thesub-ballastlayerintherailwaytrackhelpstodirectwaterawayfromthesubgradeandintodrainagealongthetrack'sside.4.2.1Exercises第1題Whatistheprimarymaterialusedtomakemodernrailsinurbanrailtransitsystems?AWroughtironBHigh-carbonsteelCWoodDAluminum第2題Whoinventedthebull-headedrail?ARobertL.StevensBCharlesBlackerVignolesCAlphonseLoubatDBenjaminOutram第3題Whichtypeofrailisusedalongtrackswheretherailtopandthepavementsurfaceareatthesamelevel?ADouble-headedrailBBull-headedrailCFlat-footedrailDGroovedrail第4題Whatarethemaincomponentsofaflat-footedrail?ARailheadBRailwebCRailfootDRailspike正確答案：ABC第5題Whataresomeadvantagesofflat-footedrailscomparedtobull-headedrails?AIncreasedstiffnessBEnhancedresistancetokinksCMoreeconomicalDLessfrequentrepairs正確答案：ABC第6題Whatfunctionsdoesarailperforminarailwaytrackstructure?ASupportsthetrainwheelsBGuidesthetrainwheelsCActsasanelectricalconductorDDistributeshorizontaltransverseforces正確答案：ABCD第7題Thedouble-headedrailcanbereusedbyinvertingitaftertheuppertablewearsout.第8題Thebull-headedrailwasanimprovementoverthedouble-headedrail,havingmoremetalinthetopparttowithstanddamagebetter.第9題Flat-footedrailsrequirechairsforinstallation,makingtheprocessmorecomplexcomparedtobull-headedrails.4.2.2Exercises第1題Whatisthemainmaterialusedtoproducemoderntrainrails?ACastironBWroughtironCSteelDAluminum第2題Whichprocessisprimarilyusedtoconverthotmetalintosteelinmodernsteelmaking?AElectricArcFurnaceBBasicOxygenFurnaceCOpenHearthFurnaceDInductionFurnace第3題Whatisthetypicaltemperaturetowhichsteelrailsarereheatedinthereheatingfurnacebeforebeingrolledintotheirfinalshape?A1000degreesCelsiusB1250degreesCelsiusC1500degreesCelsiusD2000degreesCelsius第4題Whatarethemainconsiderationswhendecidingtheweightandsectionofarail?AHeaviestaxleloadBMaximumpermissiblespeedCDepthofballastcushionDTypeandspacingofsleepers正確答案：ABCD第5題Whataretheprimarycomponentsofarail?ARailhea