2026年法律英語翻譯試題及解析參考一、英譯漢（共5題，每題15分，總分75分）1.Translation:"TheStatuteofFraudsrequiresthatcertaintypesofcontractsmustbeinwritingtobeenforceable.Thisruleisdesignedtopreventfraudulentclaimsandensuretheclarityofcontractualintentions.However,exceptionsexistforcontractsthatcanbeprovenbyparolevidence,suchasthoseinvolvingoralagreementsforsimplesalesofgoods."要求：將上述英文段落準(zhǔn)確翻譯成中文。2.Translation:"UndertheEuropeanUnion’sGeneralDataProtectionRegulation(GDPR),entitiesprocessingpersonaldatamustimplementappropriatetechnicalandorganizationalmeasurestoensurealevelofsecurityappropriatetotherisk.Thisincludesprotectingdataagainstunauthorizedaccess,accidentalloss,ordestruction,andensuringdatasubjects’rightstoaccess,rectify,orerasetheirpersonalinformation."要求：將上述英文段落準(zhǔn)確翻譯成中文。3.Translation:"TheU.S.ForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA)prohibitsU.S.companiesandtheirforeignagentsfrombribingforeigngovernmentofficialstoobtainorretainbusiness.Theacthastwomainprovisions:theantibriberyprovisionandthebooks-and-recordsprovision.ViolationsoftheFCPAcanresultinsignificantcriminalandcivilpenalties,includingfinesandimprisonmentforindividuals."要求：將上述英文段落準(zhǔn)確翻譯成中文。4.Translation:"InaccordancewiththeSingaporeCompaniesAct,aprivatecompanymustfileitsannualfinancialstatementswiththeAccountingandCorporateRegulatoryAuthority(ACRA)withinthreemonthsoftheendofitsfiscalyear.Failuretocomplymayleadtopenalties,includingfinesortherevocationofthecompany’sregistration.Publiccompanieshavestricterrequirements,includingmandatoryauditsbyindependentaccountants."要求：將上述英文段落準(zhǔn)確翻譯成中文。5.Translation:"TheChineseContractLawstipulatesthatcontractsmaybeterminatedbymutualagreement,breachofcontract,orimpossibilityofperformance.Incasesofbreach,thenon-breachingpartymayclaimdamagesorspecificperformance.However,thelawalsorecognizestheprincipleofgoodfaith,requiringpartiestoactfairlyandreasonablyintheircontractualrelations."要求：將上述英文段落準(zhǔn)確翻譯成中文。二、漢譯英（共5題，每題15分，總分75分）1.Translation:"《中華人民共和國(guó)民法典》規(guī)定，當(dāng)事人訂立合同可以采用書面形式、口頭形式或者其他形式。法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定采用特定形式的，從其規(guī)定。合同成立后，當(dāng)事人不得隨意變更或者解除，但經(jīng)雙方協(xié)商一致或出現(xiàn)法定情形除外。"要求：將上述中文段落準(zhǔn)確翻譯成英文。2.Translation:"TheU.K.BriberyAct2010imposesstrictliabilityoncommercialorganizationsforbribinganotherpersonoverseas,regardlessofwhetheraseniorexecutiveauthorizedthebribe.TheactcoversbribesgivenbothintheU.K.andabroadandhasextraterritorialjurisdiction.Organizationsfoundguiltymayfacesubstantialfines,withnoupperlimit."要求：將上述中文段落準(zhǔn)確翻譯成英文。3.Translation:"UndertheJapaneseCivilCode,aminor’scontractmaybevoidableatthediscretionoftheminorortheirguardian.Contractsinvolvingfraudulentmisrepresentationsaredeemedvoid,andtheinjuredpartyisentitledtoseekcompensation.However,thelawbalancesfairnessbyallowingcourtstoupholdcontractsiftheybenefittheminororthepublicinterest."要求：將上述中文段落準(zhǔn)確翻譯成英文。4.Translation:"TheAustralianCompetitionandConsumerAct(ACCA)prohibitsanti-competitiveagreements,suchasprice-fixingormarketallocation,betweencompanies.TheACCAalsoregulatesmisleadingordeceptiveconductinbusinesspractices.Offendersmaybesubjecttocivilpenalties,injunctions,orevencriminalchargesforseriousviolations."要求：將上述中文段落準(zhǔn)確翻譯成英文。5.Translation："香港《證券及期貨條例》第213條要求上市公司必須編制并披露半年度業(yè)績(jī)報(bào)告，并在規(guī)定期限內(nèi)提交給證監(jiān)會(huì)。報(bào)告需包含財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表、管理層討論與分析，以及重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示。逾期未提交者將面臨監(jiān)管處罰，包括但不限于罰款或暫停上市資格。"要求：將上述中文段落準(zhǔn)確翻譯成英文。答案及解析一、英譯漢1.答案：《欺詐防止法》要求某些類型的合同必須以書面形式訂立才能具有可執(zhí)行性。該規(guī)則的目的是防止欺詐性主張，并確保合同意圖的清晰性。然而，對(duì)于可以通過口頭證據(jù)證明的合同（例如，涉及簡(jiǎn)單貨物銷售的口頭協(xié)議）存在例外情況。解析：-"StatuteofFrauds"直譯為“欺詐防止法”，但在中國(guó)法律語境中通常指“要式合同法”，此處采用直譯更符合原文立法目的。-"enforceable"譯為“具有可執(zhí)行性”，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)法律效力。-"parolevidence"譯為“口頭證據(jù)”，是法律術(shù)語的固定譯法。2.答案：根據(jù)歐盟《通用數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)條例》（GDPR），處理個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)體必須采取適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)和組織措施，確保達(dá)到與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相稱的安全水平。這包括防止未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問、意外丟失或銷毀數(shù)據(jù)，并確保數(shù)據(jù)主體有權(quán)訪問、更正或刪除其個(gè)人信息。解析：-"GDPR"保留英文縮寫，因該法規(guī)國(guó)際通用。-"technicalandorganizationalmeasures"譯為“技術(shù)性和組織性措施”，準(zhǔn)確反映立法要求。-"datasubjects"譯為“數(shù)據(jù)主體”，是中國(guó)法律對(duì)GDPR相關(guān)術(shù)語的官方譯法。3.答案：美國(guó)《反海外腐敗法》（FCPA）禁止美國(guó)公司及其外國(guó)代理人賄賂外國(guó)政府官員以獲取或維持業(yè)務(wù)。該法包含兩項(xiàng)主要規(guī)定：反賄賂條款和賬簿記錄條款。違反該法可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的刑事和民事處罰，包括罰款和監(jiān)禁。解析：-"FCPA"保留英文縮寫，因該法規(guī)在中文法律文獻(xiàn)中多采用此形式。-"books-and-recordsprovision"譯為“賬簿記錄條款”，是法律術(shù)語的固定譯法。-"criminalandcivilpenalties"譯為“刑事和民事處罰”，符合法律文本的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。4.答案：根據(jù)新加坡《公司法》，私營(yíng)公司必須在財(cái)政年度結(jié)束后的三個(gè)月內(nèi)向會(huì)計(jì)與企業(yè)監(jiān)管局（ACRA）提交年度財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表。逾期未提交可能導(dǎo)致罰款或吊銷公司注冊(cè)。上市公司則有更嚴(yán)格的要求，包括強(qiáng)制由獨(dú)立會(huì)計(jì)師進(jìn)行審計(jì)。解析：-"ACRA"保留英文縮寫，因該機(jī)構(gòu)名稱在中文語境中多采用此形式。-"fiscalyear"譯為“財(cái)政年度”，是國(guó)際通用的會(huì)計(jì)術(shù)語。-"mandatoryaudits"譯為“強(qiáng)制審計(jì)”，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)監(jiān)管要求。5.答案：中國(guó)《合同法》規(guī)定，合同可以通過協(xié)商一致、違約或履行不可能終止。在違約情況下，非違約方可以要求損害賠償或強(qiáng)制履行。然而，該法也承認(rèn)誠(chéng)信原則，要求當(dāng)事人公平合理地履行合同義務(wù)。解析：-"goodfaith"譯為“誠(chéng)信原則”，是中國(guó)合同法的重要概念。-"specificperformance"譯為“強(qiáng)制履行”，是法律術(shù)語的固定譯法。-句式調(diào)整符合中文法律文本的簡(jiǎn)潔性。二、漢譯英1.答案："TheCivilCodeofthePeople’sRepublicofChinastipulatesthatpartiesmayenterintocontractsinwritten,oral,orotherforms.Wherelawsoradministrativeregulationsrequireaspecificform,suchrequirementsshallprevail.Afteracontractisestablished,partiesshallnotarbitrarilyalterorterminateit,exceptbymutualagreementorunderlegallyprescribedcircumstances."解析：-"CivilCode"采用官方譯法，因該法典在國(guó)際交流中多被引用。-"shallprevail"準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)法律強(qiáng)制性。-"legallyprescribedcircumstances"涵蓋“法定情形”，避免直譯生硬。2.答案：TheBriberyAct2010oftheU.K.imposesstrictliabilityoncommercialorganizationsforbribingoverseasofficials,irrespectiveofwhetherseniorexecutivesauthorizedtheact.Theactcoversbribesbothdomesticallyandinternationallyandhasextraterritorialjurisdiction.Organizationsfoundguiltymayfacesubstantialfineswithoutanupperlimit.解析：-"strictliability"譯為“嚴(yán)格責(zé)任”，是英美法系的核心概念。-"extraterritorialjurisdiction"譯為“域外管轄權(quán)”，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)法律適用范圍。-"withoutanupperlimit"強(qiáng)調(diào)罰款的無上限性，符合原文表述。3.答案：UndertheJapaneseCivilCode,contractsenteredintobyminorsmaybevoidableatthediscretionoftheminorortheirguardian.Contractsinvolvingfraudulentmisrepresentationsaredeemedvoid,andtheaggrievedpartyisentitledtoseekcompensation.However,thelawbalancesfairnessbyallowingcourtstoupholdcontractsthatbenefittheminororthepublicinterest.解析：-"voidable"譯為“可撤銷”，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)法律效果。-"aggrievedparty"譯為“受損害方”，是法律術(shù)語的固定譯法。-"balancesfairness"強(qiáng)調(diào)立法的平衡性，符合中文法律表述習(xí)慣。4.答案：TheAustralianCompetitionandConsumerAct(ACCA)prohibitsanti-competitiveagreements,suchasprice-fixingormarketallocation,betweenbusinesses.TheACCAalsoregulatesmisleadingordeceptivebusinesspractices.Offendersmaybesubjecttocivilpenalties,injunctions,orevencriminalchargesforseriousviolatio