高校英語六級(jí)分類模擬題318

ReadingComprehension

Womenarehalfthepopulationbutonly15%ofboardmembersatbigAmericanfirms,and10%inEurope.

Companiesthatfishinonlyhalfofthetalentpoolwillloseouttothosethatcasttheirnetmorewidely.There

isalsoevidencethatmixedboardsmakebetterdecisions.

Mindfulofthis,Europeancountriesarepassinglawsthatwouldforcecompaniestopromotemorewomen

totheexecutivesuite.AnewFrenchlawrequireslistedfirmstoreserve40%ofboardseatsforwomenby

2017.NorwayandSpainhavesimilarlaws;Germanyisconsideringone.TheEuropeanParliamentdeclared

thismonththatsuchquotasshouldbeappliedthroughouttheEuropeanUnion.

Therearetwomainargumentsfbrcompulsoryquotas.Oneisthatthemenwhodominatecorporateboards

arehopelesslysexist:theypromotepeoplelikethemselvesandignoreanyfemaletalent.

Thesecondargumentismoresubtle.Talentedexecutivesneedmentors（導(dǎo)師）tohelpthemclimbthe

ladder.Maledirectorsmentoryoungmenbutarereluctanttogetfriendlywithyoungwomen,lestthe

relationshipbemisinterpreted.Quotaswillbreakthisviciouscyclebyputtinglotsofwomenatthetop,who

canthenoffertheirsistersalegup.

Theremaybesomethinginbotharguments,butinmostrichcountriessexismisnolongerthemain

obstacletowomen'scareers.Childrenare.Mostwomentakecareerbreakstolookafterthem.Manycarefor

elderlyrelatives,too.Onestudyfoundthattwo-thirdsofAmericanwomenhadatsomepointswitchedfrom

full-timeworktopart-timeorflexibletimetobalanceworkandfamily.Suchchoicesmakeitharderfbr

womentogaintheexperiencenecessarytomakeittotheverytop.

Whatismore,bigcompaniesareincreasinglyglobal.Manywantabosswhohasworkedinmorethanone

country.Suchforeignpostingsdisruptfamilies;manywomenturnthemdown.Andmany,anticipatinga

careerbreakatsomepointinthefuture,enterfieldswheretheirskillswillnotquicklybecomeoutdated,such

aslaworhumanresources.Somelawyersmakegoodchiefexecutives.Butfirmsoftenwantpeoplewith

financialoroperationalexperienceforthetopjobs,andthesefieldsarestillmale-dominated.

Quotasaretoobluntatoolforsuchatangledproblem.Thewomencompaniesarccompelledtoputon

boardsareunlikelytobeasusefulasthosetheyplacetherevoluntarily.Quotasforcefirmseithertopadtheir

boardswithtokennon-executivedirectors,ortoallocaterealpoweronthebasisofsexratherthan

merit.Enforcingquotasforwomenhasledtolargenumbersofinexperiencedwomenbeingappointedto

boards,andseriouslydamagedthosefirms'performance.

1、Whatwillhappentoacompanyifmendominateitsexecutiveboard?

A.Itstalentpoolwilldryoutsooner.

B.Itscompetitivenesswillbeweakened.

C.Itswomenemployeeswillcomplain.

D.Itisboundtomakeunwisedecisions.

2、Whatseemstopreventwomenfrombecomingboardmembersapartfromsexism?

A.Manyofthemlackthecouragetofacethechallengeintheboardroom.

B.Maledirectorsareafraidofwomen'spotentialthreattotheirauthority.

C.Fewofthemhavethetrainingandqualificationsneededforexecutiveduties.

D.Maledirectorsrefrainfromgivingthemguidancetoavoidmisunderstanding.

3、Whatdocstheauthorsayistherealbarriertowomen'scareers?

A.Anapparentlackofnecessarylegislation.

B.Fiercecompetitionfrommalecolleagues.

C.Theburdenoftakingcareof:heirfamily.

D.Thewidespreadsexismintheworkplace.

4、Whydomanywomenchoosetoentersuchfieldsaslaworhumanresources?

A.Theyallowwomencareerbreaksifneedbe.

B.Theycanbringawoman'stalentintofullplay.

C.Theyofferhighsalariesandattractivebenefits.

D.TheypavethewayforwomentobecomeCEOs.

5、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepracticeofenforcingquotasforwomenexecutives?

A.Itisasimplesolutiontoatangledproblem.

B.Itisaneffectivetooltocombatsexism.

C.Ithelpsfilltheexecutiveboardwithtalents.

D.Itadverselyaffectsafirm'sperformance.

Internationalgovernments'inactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbutthe

proactive（主動(dòng)出擊的）approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesarcencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,

DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.

DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By

2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofits

thatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationsby50%hy2015.Theyhave

investedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.

CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegood-nessof

theirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealizationthattheenviron-mentaland

economicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&Slaunchedits"PlanA"sustainabilityprogrammein2007,it

wasbelievedthatitwouldcostover$200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated

$105millionby2011/12.

Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesave

money,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhuge"quickwin"

opportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.

However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepace.Therearc

fartoomanycompaniesstilldelayingcreatingaleanandgreenbusinesssystem,arguingthatitwillcost

moneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestment.Theyremainstuckinthe"environmentiscost"mentality.Being

environmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthe

sametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.

Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenviron-mental

continuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebig-gest

opportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous.The3%Reportrecently

publishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsin

theUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020.Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordelivering

thisopportunityis"increasedefficiencythroughmanagementandbehaviouralchange"—inotherwords,lean

andgreenmanagement.

Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmful

emissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.

Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cullingglobalGDP

by1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.

6、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?

A.Theyoperateinaccordancev/ithgovernmentpolicies.

B.Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.

C.Theyarekeydriversintheirnations'economicgrowth.

D.Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.

7、WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?

A.Thegoodnessoftheirhearts.B.Astrongsenseofresponsibility.

C.Thedesiretogenerateprofits.D.Pressurefromenvironmentalists.

8、Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?

A.Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.

B.Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.

C.Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.

D.Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.

9、Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?

A.Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.

B.Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.

C.Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.

D.Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.

10、Whatisthefindingofthestudiesaboutcompaniescommittedtoenvironmentalgoals?

A.Theyhavegreatlyenhancedtheirsenseofsocialresponsibility.

B.Theydomuchbetterthantheircounterpartsintermsofrevenues.

C.Theyhaveabandonedalltheout-datedequipmentandtechnology.

D.Theymakegreatercontributionstohumanprogressthantheirrivals.

Ifyouaskedmetodescribetherisingphilosophyoftheday,I'dsayitisdata-ism.Wenowhavetheabilityto

gatherhugeamountsofdata.Thisabilityseemstocarrywithitcertainculturalassumptions—thateverything

thatcanbemeasuredshouldbemeasured;thatdataisatransparentandreliablelensthatallowsustofilterout

emotionalismandideology;thatdatawillhelpusdoremark-ablethings-likeforetellthefuture.

Overthenextyear.I'mhopingtogetabettergriponsomeof（hequestionsraisedbythedatarevolution:in

whatsituationsshouldwerelyonintuitivepatternrecognitionandinwhichsituationsshouldweignore

intuitionandfollowthedata?Whatkindsofeventsarepredictableusingstatisticalanalysisandwhatsortsof

eventsarenot?

IconfessIenterthisinaskepticalframeofmindbelievingthatwetendtogetcarriedawayinourdesireto

reduceeverythingtothequantifiable.Butattheoutsetletmecelebratetwothingsdatadoesreallywell.

First,it'sreallygoodatexposingwhenourintuitiveviewofrealityiswrong.Forexample,nearlyevery

personwhorunsforpoliticalofficehasanintuitivesensethattheycanpowerfullyinfluence（heiroddsof

winningtheelectioniftheycanjustraiseandspendmoremoney.Butthisislargelywrong.

Afterthe2006election,SeanTrendeconstructedagraphcomparingtheincumbent（在任者的）campaign

spendingadvantageswiththeireventualmarginsofvictory.Therewasbarelyanyrelationshipbetweenmore

spendingandabiggervictory.

Likewise,manyteachershaveanintuitivesensethatdifferentstudentshavedifferentlearningstyles:some

arcverbalandsomearcvisual;somearclinear,somearcholistic（整體的）.Teachersimaginetheywill

improveoutcomesiftheytailortheirpresentationstoeachstudent.Butthere'snoevidencetosupportthis

either.

Second,datacanilluminatepatternsofbehaviorwehaven'tyetnoticed.Forexample,Tvealwaysassumed

peoplewhofrequentlyusewordslike"In,nme",and"mine"areprobablymoreself-centeredthanpeoplewho

don't.ButasJamesPennebakeroftheUniversityofTexasnotesinhisbook.TheSecretLifeofPronouns,

whenpeoplearefeelingconfident,theyarefocusedonthetaskathand,notonthemselves.High-status,

confidentpeopleusefewer"I"words,notmore.

Ourbrainsoftendon'tnoticesubtleverbalpatterns,butPennebaker'scomputerscan.Youngerwritersuse

morenegativeandpast-tensewordsthanolderwriterswhousemorepositiveandfuture-tensewords.

Insum,thedatarevolutionisgivinguswonderfulwaystounderstandthepresentandthepast.Willit

transformourabilitytopredictandmakedecisionsaboutthefuture?Wellsee.

11、Whatdodata-istsassumetheycando?

A.Transformpeople'sculturalidentity.

B.Changethewayfutureeventsunfold.

C.Getafirmgriponthemostimportantissues.

D.Eliminateemotionalandideologicalbias.

12、Whatdopeoplerunningforpoliticalofficethinktheycando?

A.Usedataanalysistopredicttheelectionresults.

B.Wintheelectioniftheycanraiseenoughfunds.

C.Manipulatepublicopinionwithfavorabledata.

D.Increasethechancesofwinningbyfoulmeans.

13、Whydomanyteachersfavortheideaoftailoringtheirpresentationstodifferentstudents?

A.Theythinkstudentspreferflexibleteachingmethods.

B.Theywillbeabletotrydifferentapproaches.

C.Theybelievestudents'learningstylesvary.

D.Theycanaccommodatestudentswithspecialneeds.

14、WhatdoesJamesPennebakerrevealinTheSecretLifeofPronouns?

A.Theimportanceofusingpronounsproperly.

B.Repeateduseoffirst-personpronounsbyself-centeredpeople.

C.Frequentuseofpronounsandfuturetensebyyoungpeople.

D.Apatterninconfidentpeople'suseofpronouns.

15、Whyistheauthorskepticalofthedatarevolution?

A.Datamaynotbeeasilyaccessible.

B.Errorsmayoccurwithlargedatasamples.

C.Datacannotalwaysdowhatweimagineitcan.

D.Somedatamayturnouttobeout-dated.

Itiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereisalessconspicuous

kindofsocialupheaval（劇變）underwaythatisfastalteringboththefaceoftheplanetandthewayhuman

beingslive.Thatchangeistherapidaccelerationofurbanization.In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,

morethanhalftheworld'spopulationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,

theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedenselytocome—withanenormousimpacton

biodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.

AsKarenSeto,theleadauthorofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn'tjustaboutthe

migrationofpeopleintourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggerto

accommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpactonbiodiversity

hotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.

Humansarctheultimateinvasivespecies——whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendis-placcthe

wildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities-especiallyinthedense

tropicalforests-carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereaswell.It'struethataspeopleindeveloping

nationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbe

goodfortheenvironment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthe

countrysideslashandbumforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfanning.Buttherealdifferenceis

thatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoftenleadstoanaccompanyingincreasein

income—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreaseintheconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesa

riseincarbonemissions.Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomfortoflivingfullyonthegrid

iscertainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.

Theurbanizationwavecan'tbestopped—anditshouldn'tbe.ButSeto'spaperdoesunderscorethe

importanceofmanagingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization'simpactsonthe

environment."There'sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureandresponsibilitytothinkabout

howweurbanize/saysSeto."Theonethingthat'sclearisthatv/ecan'tbuildcitiesthewayv/ehaveoverthe

lastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleofthistransitionwon'tallowthat."We'reheadedtowardsanurban

planetnomatterwhat,butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.

16、Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople'sattentionto?

A.Theshakingbiodiversityworldwide.

B.Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.

C.Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.

D.Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.

17、Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?

A.Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.

B.Theyareauniquespeciesborntoconquer.

C.Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.

D.Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.

18、Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?

A.Morelandwillbepreservedtbrwildlife.

B.Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.

C.Carbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.

D.Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.

19、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlivingcomfortablyinthecity?

A.Itincursahighenvironmenialprice.

B.Itbringspovertyandinsecuritytoanend.

C.Itcausesabigchangeinpeople'slifestyle.

D.Itnarrowsthegapbetweencityandcountry.

20、WhatcanbedonetominimizethenegativeimpactofurbanizationaccordingtoSeto?

A.Slowingdownthespeedoftransition.

B.Innovativeuseofadvancedtechnology.

C.Appropriatemanagementoftheprocess.

D.Enhancingpeople'ssenseofresponsibility.

WhenHarvardstudentMarkZuckerberglaunchedtheface-book,corninFeb.2004,evenhecouldnot

imaginetheforcesitwouldletloose.Hisintentwastoconnectcollegestudents.Face-book,whichiswhatthis

websiterapidlyevolvedinto,endedupconnectingtheworld.

Tothechildrenofthisconnectedera,theworldisonegiantsocialnetwork.Theyarenotbound-aswere

previousgenerationsofhumans——bywhattheyweretaught.Theyareonlylimitedbytheircuriosityand

ambition.Duringmychildhood,allknowledgewaslocal.Youlearnedevery-thingyouknewfromyour

parents,teachers,preachersandfriends.

Withthehigh-qualityandtimelyinformationattheirfingertips,today'schildrenarerisingabovethefears

andbiasesoftheirparents.Adultsarealsoparticipatinginthisrevolution.India'snormallytamemiddleclass

isspeakingupagainstsocialills.SiliconValleyexecutivesarebeingshamedintoaddingwomentotheir

boards.Polilicalleadersaremarshallingtheenergyofmillionsforelectionsandpoliticalcauses,Allofthisis

beingdonewithsocialmediatechnologiesthatFacebookanditscompetitorssetfree.

Asdoeseveryadvancingtechnology,socialmediahascreatedmanynewproblems.Itiscommonly

addictiveandcreatesrisksforyoungerusers.SocialmediaisusedbyextremistsintheMiddleEastand

elsewheretoseekandbrainwashrecruits.Anditexposesusandourfriendstodisagreeablespying,wemay

leaveourlightsoninthehousewhenweareonvacation,butthroughsocialmediawetellcriminalsexactly

whereweare,whenweplantoreturnhome,andhowtoblackmail（敲詐）us.

Governmentsdon'tneedinformersanymore.Socialmediaallowsgovernmentagenciestospyontheir

owncitizens.Werecordourthoughts,emotions,likesanddislikesonFacebook;weshareourpoliticalviews,

socialpreferences,andplans.Wepostintimatephotographsofourselves.Nospyagencyorcriminal

organizationcouldactivelygatherthetypeofdatathatwevoluntarilypostforthem.

Themarketersarealsoseeingbigopportunities.Amazonistryingtopredictwhatwewillorder.Googleis

tryingtojudgeourneedsandwantsbasedonoursocial-mediaprofiles.Weneedtobeawareoftherisksand

keepworkingtoalleviatethedangers.

Regardlessofwhatsocialmediapeopleuse-onethingiscertain:weareinaperiodofacceleratingchange.

Thenextdecadewillbeevenmoreamazingandunpredictablethanthelast.Justasnoonecouldpredictwhat

wouldhappenwithsocialmediainthelastdecade,noonecanaccuratelypredictwherethistechnologywill

takeus.Iamoptimistic,however,thataconnectedhumanitywillfindawaytoupliftitself.

21、WhatwasthepurposeofFacebookwhenitwasfirstcreated?

A.Tohelpstudentsconnectwiththeoutsideworld.

B.Tobringuniversitystudentsintoclosercontact.

C.Tohelpstudentslearntoliveinaconnectedera.

D.Tocombinetheworldintoanintegralwhole.

22、Whatdifferencedoessocialmediamaketolearning?

A.Localknowledgeandglobalknowledgewillmerge.

B.Studentswillbecomemorecuriousandambitious.

C.Peopleareabletolearnwherevertheytravel.

D.Sourcesofinformationaregreatlyexpanded.

23、Whatistheauthor'sgreatestconcernwithsocialmediatechnology?

A.Individualsandorganizationsmayuseitforevilpurposes.

B.Governmentwillfindithardtoprotectclassifiedinformation.

C.Peoplemaydisclosetheirfriends'informationunintentionally.

D.People'sattentionwillbeeasilydistractedfromtheirworkinhand.

24>Whatdobusinessesusesocialmediafor?

A.Creatingagoodcorporateimage.

B.Anticipatingtheneedsofcustomers.

C.Conductinglarge-scalemarketsurveys.

D.Minimizingpossiblerisksanddangers.

25、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocialmediaasawhole?

A.Itwillenablehumansocietytoadvanceatafasterpace.

B.IlwillposeagraveIhretilloouriradilioiicilwaysoflife.

C.Itisboundtobringaboutanotherinformationrevolution.

D.Itbreaksdownthefinalbarriersinhumancommunication.

答案:

ReadingComprehension

1、B

［解析］題目詢問若執(zhí)行董事會(huì)由男性主導(dǎo)會(huì)發(fā)生什么狀況。第1段第2句表明，只運(yùn)用半邊人才庫的

公司必定會(huì)輸給(loseout)廣泛運(yùn)用人才的企'I匕第3句進(jìn)一步鞏固這種說法，男女混合的董事會(huì)所做

的決策更加英明。由此推斷，男性主導(dǎo)執(zhí)行董事會(huì)的公司的競爭力會(huì)相對(duì)弱一些。B項(xiàng)是同義表

述。

2、D

［解析］題目詢問阻擋女性員工進(jìn)入董事會(huì)的另一因素。第3段首句提到理由有兩種，其一是性別卑視

(sexism),其二是第4段的內(nèi)容，即男性主管不愿與年輕女性走得太近，生怕別人誤會(huì)他們的關(guān)系。

這與D項(xiàng)“男性主管為了避開誤會(huì)而不給她們供應(yīng)指導(dǎo)”的表述一樣。留意題干中的aparlfrom意為“除

了”。

3、C

［解析］題目詢問作者認(rèn)為阻擋女性職業(yè)生涯的真正絆腳石是什么。第5段一起先便說性別卑視不再是

女性職業(yè)生涯的主要絆腳石，孩子才是。第3、4句提到，大多數(shù)的女性詵擇離職來照看孩子或長輩。

可見家庭才是女性職業(yè)生涯的最大負(fù)擔(dān)，選C項(xiàng)。

4、A

［解析］題目詢問很多女性選擇律師或人力資源行業(yè)的緣由。第6段第4句提到，很多女性預(yù)料在將來

的某個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)從工作中抽出身來(acareerbreak),因而選擇技能不會(huì)快速過時(shí)的領(lǐng)域，比如律師或人

力資源。A項(xiàng)是這句話的同義表述，正確。

5、D

［解析］題目詢問作者對(duì)定額制度的看法。作者在最終一段首先說這種做法太魯莽(t。。blunt),最終一

句則明確指出，實(shí)行女性定額制度嚴(yán)峻損害了公司業(yè)績。D項(xiàng)的adverselyaffects...performance與文章

中的seriouslydamaged...performance意思完全一樣，為正確答案。

6、B

［解析］本題詢問一些走在前沿的公司的狀況。第1段第1句提到在對(duì)待可持續(xù)發(fā)展的問題上，各國政

府的行動(dòng)并不主動(dòng)(inaction),而處于前沿地位的公司卻主動(dòng)出擊(proactive)；第2句則舉例說明，指

出豐田、沃爾瑪?shù)裙緦⑻幚憝h(huán)境廢棄物作為主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力。B項(xiàng)”它們主動(dòng)處理環(huán)境廢棄物”正

確。其中takeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes是原文tacklingenvironmentalwastes的同義替

換。

7、C

［解析］本題詢問豐田和沃爾瑪履行環(huán)境愛護(hù)的動(dòng)機(jī)。第3段第2句干脆說明豐田和沃爾瑪實(shí)行行動(dòng)(即

committingtoenvironmentalgoals)的緣由是它們意識(shí)到環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)蹤跡相輔相成。據(jù)此可以推斷這兩

大公司愛護(hù)環(huán)境的初衷是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，因此C項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)建利潤的欲望”是對(duì)原文的同義推斷。

8、C

［解析］本題詢問很多公司不愿創(chuàng)立環(huán)境友好業(yè)務(wù)體系的緣由。第5段第2句說到，仍有很多公司推遲

創(chuàng)立精益綠色的業(yè)務(wù)體系，并以分詞短語(arguingthat...)說明其緣由：它們認(rèn)為這種體系會(huì)費(fèi)錢或者

須要大量的資金投入。題目中的reluctantto對(duì)應(yīng)原文的delaying：而精益綠色的業(yè)務(wù)體系指的是環(huán)境

友好業(yè)務(wù)體系。C項(xiàng)“建立這樣的系統(tǒng)太貴”是對(duì)原文所提及的緣由(itwillcostmoneyorrequire...)的同

義復(fù)述。

9、A

［解析］本題詢問關(guān)于精益綠色業(yè)務(wù)模式的相關(guān)信息。第5段在講解并描述那些不愿踐行環(huán)保行動(dòng)的公

司時(shí)，首次提及了leanandgreensystem；該段最終一句講到，假如公司實(shí)行新的精益綠色模式進(jìn)行

管理，它們事實(shí)上在產(chǎn)生利潤的同時(shí)也能節(jié)約成本。A項(xiàng)“它幫助企業(yè)節(jié)約成本并且獲益”是對(duì)第5段

最終一句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，且符合第6段首句對(duì)lean所作的定義“用更少的東西做更多的事情:

10、B

［解析］本題詢問關(guān)于履行環(huán)保目標(biāo)的公司，探討發(fā)覺了什么。最終一段第1句提到那些履行諸如零廢

棄等雄心目標(biāo)的公司在經(jīng)濟(jì)上都賽過它們的對(duì)手(financiallyoutperformingtheircompetitors)oB項(xiàng)“它

們?cè)谑找嫔媳葘?duì)手好很多”是對(duì)該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，其中domuchbetterthan與原文的outperforming的同

義，而counterparts是competitors的同義替換，revenues貝理艮financially相關(guān)。

11、D

［解析］本題詢問數(shù)據(jù)主義者認(rèn)為他們能做什么。第1段第1句，作者提到現(xiàn)在的流行哲學(xué)是數(shù)據(jù)主義,

接著第2、3句詳細(xì)說明在能夠收集到大量數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)被給予某些文化假設(shè)。題弓中assume與

原文assumplions為同根詞，答案可在破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容中查找，其中提到的一種假設(shè)是數(shù)據(jù)能讓我

們過濾掉情感主義(emotionalism)和意識(shí)形態(tài)(ideology),D項(xiàng)“消退感情上和意識(shí)形態(tài)上的偏見”是這

句話的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，選項(xiàng)中Eliminate與原文filterout近義。

12^B

［解析］本題詢問競選政治職務(wù)的人認(rèn)為他們能干什么。第4段第1句提到。當(dāng)人們對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的直覺推斷

產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，數(shù)據(jù)擅于揭露真相。第2句詳細(xì)舉例說明這一觀點(diǎn)，該句提到競選政治職務(wù)的人以為只

要募集并花更多的錢就能影響競選的結(jié)果，B項(xiàng)中的raiseenoughfunds和原文raiseandspendmore

money意思相同。

13、C

［解析］本題詢問為什么老師們贊司因材施教的觀點(diǎn)。第6段第1、2句提到很多老師都意識(shí)到學(xué)生的學(xué)

習(xí)風(fēng)格不同，因此他們認(rèn)為假如能因材施教，很可能會(huì)取得好的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果。由此可以推斷，老師贊

同該觀點(diǎn)的緣由在于學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格不同，C項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格不同”是原文havedifferent

learningslyles的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，C項(xiàng)中的vary與原文differenl同義。

14、D

［解析］本題詢問詹姆士?彭尼貝克在《神奇的代詞》一書中揭示了什么。第7段第3句提到，他在書中

指出人們自信時(shí)更關(guān)注眼前的任務(wù)而不是他們自己；第4句進(jìn)一步提到，地位高、自信的人更少運(yùn)用

第一人稱代詞。D項(xiàng)“自信之人運(yùn)用代詞的模式”與該段第3、4句吻合。故選D項(xiàng)。

15、C

［解析］本題詢問作者