2026年醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞匯考試題集及解析一、選擇題（共10題，每題2分，總計20分）題目：1.Thepatientpresentedwithacutemyocardialinfarction.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthecondition?A.HeartattackB.StrokeC.ArrhythmiaD.Hypertension2.Agastriculcerwasdiagnosedduringendoscopy.Whichhormoneismostcommonlyassociatedwiththiscondition?A.InsulinB.ThyroxineC.GastrinD.Cortisol3.Thesurgeonperformedalaparoscopiccholecystectomy.Whatdoesthisprocedureinvolve?A.RemovaloftheappendixB.RepairoftheliverC.RemovalofthegallbladderD.Stomachstapling4.Thepatient’shypertensionwascontrolledwithmedication.Whichtermreferstohighbloodpressure?A.HypotensionB.DyslipidemiaC.HypertensivecrisisD.Atrialfibrillation5.Apancreatictumorwasdetectedviaimaging.Whichsymptomismostcommonlyassociatedwiththiscondition?A.WeightlossB.ShortnessofbreathC.JaundiceD.Alloftheabove6.Thephysicianorderedathromboelastogramtoassesscoagulation.Whatdoesthistestmeasure?A.BloodglucoselevelsB.PlateletaggregationC.KidneyfunctionD.Liverenzymes7.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithosteoporosis.Whichtermreferstoweakbones?A.OsteoarthritisB.OsteosarcomaC.RheumatoidarthritisD.Fracture8.Asigmoidoscopywasperformedtoexaminethecolon.Whichpartofthelargeintestineistargetedbythisprocedure?A.AscendingcolonB.DescendingcolonC.TransversecolonD.Cecum9.Thepatient’sdiabeteswasmanagedwithinsulintherapy.Whichtypeofdiabetesinvolvesinsulindeficiency?A.Type1diabetesB.Type2diabetesC.GestationaldiabetesD.Lactoseintolerance10.Abiopsyrevealedcarcinoma.Whichtermreferstocancerthatbeginsintheepithelialcells?A.SarcomaB.LeukemiaC.CarcinomaD.Lymphoma二、填空題（共10題，每題2分，總計20分）題目：1.Thepatient’sanemiawascausedbyirondeficiency.-________-________2.Thesurgeonperformedahysterectomytotreatendometrialcancer.-________-________3.Thephysicianprescribedmetforminfortype2diabetes.-________-________4.Thepatient’shypothyroidismwasconfirmedviaTSHtest.-________-________5.Afibroadenomawasdetectedinthebreast.-________-________6.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithatherosclerosis.-________-________7.Thepleuraleffusionwasdrainedusingathoracentesis.-________-________8.Themyocardialinfarctionwastreatedwiththrombolytictherapy.-________-________9.Thecolorectalpolypwasremovedduringsigmoidoscopy.-________-________10.Theprostate-specificantigen(PSA)testwasperformedforscreening.-________-________三、匹配題（共10題，每題2分，總計20分）題目：Matchthefollowingmedicaltermswiththeirdefinitions:1.A.MyocardialinfarctionA.Inflammationofthejoints2.B.RheumatoidarthritisB.Deathofheartmuscletissueduetoblockedbloodflow3.C.OsteoporosisC.Weakbonesduetocalciumloss4.D.SigmoidoscopyD.Examinationofthesigmoidcolon5.E.EndoscopyE.Visualexaminationofinternalbodystructures6.F.GastritisF.Inflammationofthestomachlining7.G.HypertensionG.Highbloodpressure8.H.CarcinomaH.Cancerofepithelialcells9.I.ThoracentesisI.Removaloffluidfromthepleuralcavity10.J.LaparoscopyJ.Examinationofabdominalorgansviaasmallincision四、簡答題（共5題，每題4分，總計20分）題目：1.Define"myocardialinfarction"andexplainitscommoncauses.-________-________-________2.WhatisthedifferencebetweenType1andType2diabetes?-________-________-________3.Explainthepurposeofa"biopsy"inmedicaldiagnosis.-________-________-________4.Describethefunctionofthe"prostate-specificantigen(PSA)test."-________-________-________5.Whatarethemainsymptomsof"hypertension"andhowisittreated?-________-________-________五、翻譯題（共5題，每題4分，總計20分）題目：TranslatethefollowingmedicalsentencesintoEnglish:1."Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)."-________2."Alaparoscopiccholecystectomywasperformedtoremovethegallbladder."-________3."Thephysicianorderedabloodglucosetesttomonitorthepatient’sdiabetes."-________4."Thepatient’sanemiawastreatedwithironsupplements."-________5."Abiopsyrevealedthepresenceofcarcinomainthebreasttissue."-________答案及解析一、選擇題答案及解析1.A.Heartattack-解析：Myocardialinfarction（心肌梗死）即心臟病發(fā)作，是冠狀動脈阻塞導(dǎo)致心肌缺血壞死。2.C.Gastrin-解析：Gastriculcer（胃潰瘍）常由胃酸和胃泌素（Gastrin）過多引起。3.C.Removalofthegallbladder-解析：Laparoscopiccholecystectomy（腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)）是微創(chuàng)切除膽囊的手術(shù)。4.C.Hypertensivecrisis-解析：Hypertension（高血壓）指血壓持續(xù)高于正常水平，嚴重時可能引發(fā)高血壓危象。5.D.Alloftheabove-解析：Pancreatictumor（胰腺腫瘤）可導(dǎo)致體重減輕、呼吸困難、黃疸等癥狀。6.B.Plateletaggregation-解析：Thromboelastogram（血栓彈力圖）評估血小板聚集和凝血功能。7.B.Osteosarcoma-解析：Osteoporosis（骨質(zhì)疏松）指骨密度降低，易骨折；Osteosarcoma（骨肉瘤）是骨癌。8.B.Descendingcolon-解析：Sigmoidoscopy（乙狀結(jié)腸鏡檢查）觀察直腸和乙狀結(jié)腸下段。9.A.Type1diabetes-解析：Type1diabetes（1型糖尿?。┮蛞葝u素缺乏需胰島素治療。10.C.Carcinoma-解析：Carcinoma（癌）指上皮細胞起源的惡性腫瘤。二、填空題答案及解析1.Anemia;Irondeficiency-解析：缺鐵性貧血由鐵攝入不足或吸收障礙引起。2.Hysterectomy;Endometrialcancer-解析：子宮切除術(shù)是治療子宮內(nèi)膜癌的常用方法。3.Metformin;Type2diabetes-解析：二甲雙胍是治療2型糖尿病的一線藥物。4.Hypothyroidism;TSHtest-解析：促甲狀腺激素（TSH）檢測可診斷甲狀腺功能減退。5.Fibroadenoma;Breast-解析：乳腺纖維腺瘤是常見的良性腫瘤。6.Atherosclerosis;Arterialplaquebuildup-解析：動脈粥樣硬化是血管壁脂肪沉積導(dǎo)致的疾病。7.Pleuraleffusion;Thoracentesis-解析：胸腔穿刺術(shù)用于抽取胸腔積液。8.Myocardialinfarction;Thrombolytictherapy-解析：溶栓治療用于心肌梗死急性期。9.Colorectalpolyp;Sigmoidoscopy-解析：乙狀結(jié)腸鏡可檢測直腸和結(jié)腸息肉。10.Prostate-specificantigen;Screening-解析：PSA檢測用于前列腺癌篩查。三、匹配題答案及解析1.B.Rheumatoidarthritis-解析：Rheumatoidarthritis（類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎）是關(guān)節(jié)炎癥性疾病。2.C.Osteoporosis-解析：Osteoporosis（骨質(zhì)疏松）是骨骼變脆的疾病。3.D.Sigmoidoscopy-解析：Sigmoidoscopy（乙狀結(jié)腸鏡檢查）用于結(jié)腸檢查。4.E.Endoscopy-解析：Endoscopy（內(nèi)窺鏡檢查）是可視化檢查內(nèi)部器官的技術(shù)。5.F.Gastritis-解析：Gastritis（胃炎）是胃黏膜炎癥。6.G.Hypertension-解析：Hypertension（高血壓）指血壓過高。7.H.Carcinoma-解析：Carcinoma（癌）是上皮細胞癌癥。8.I.Thoracentesis-解析：Thoracentesis（胸腔穿刺）是抽液手術(shù)。9.J.Laparoscopy-解析：Laparoscopy（腹腔鏡檢查）是微創(chuàng)腹部檢查。10.A.Myocardialinfarction-解析：Myocardialinfarction（心肌梗死）是心臟供血中斷。四、簡答題答案及解析1.Definitionandcausesofmyocardialinfarction:-Myocardialinfarctionisthedeathofheartmuscletissueduetoblockedbloodflow.-Commoncausesincludecoronaryarterydisease,bloodclots,andhighbloodpressure.-Symptomsincludechestpain,shortnessofbreath,andsweating.2.DifferencebetweenType1andType2diabetes:-Type1diabetesisanautoimmunediseasewherethepancreasstopsproducinginsulin.-Type2diabetesiscausedbyinsulinresistanceandrelativeinsulindeficiency.-TreatmentforType1includesinsulin,whileType2maybemanagedwithlifestylechangesandmedication.3.Purposeofabiopsy:-Abiopsyisatissuesampleexamtodetectcancerorinfection.-Ithelpsconfirmadiagnosisanddeterminetreatmentoptions.-Typesincludeneedle,endoscopic,andsurgicalbiopsies.4.FunctionofthePSAtest:-ThePSAtestmeasuresprostate-specificantigenlevelsinblood.-Ithelpsscreenforprostatecancerandmonitortreatmenteffectiveness.-Highlevelsmayindicatecancerbutcanalsobeduetobenignconditions.5.Sympto