1、.,1,第四講 增詞譯法和省詞譯法,Amplification Omission,.,2,.,3,增詞： A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper. 一本書，緊緊合上，只是一疊紙。 一本書，如果緊緊合上不讀，只是一疊紙。 一本書，如果緊緊合上而不讀，只是一疊廢紙。 ( 閑置之書只是一疊廢紙。),.,4,增詞：名詞詞形與使用 A) Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院 B) The lion is the king of animals. 獅是百獸之王 C) The mountains began to

2、 throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 群山開始向山谷投下一道道蔚藍色的長影。,.,5,省詞： John got up vary early in the morning. He put on his jacket, (his) trousers and (his) shoes, sat down at (his) desk and began to do his homework. 清晨約翰起得很早。他穿上夾克、褲子和鞋子，就在書桌那里坐下來開始做家庭作業(yè)。 試比較：清晨約翰起得很早。他穿上他的夾克、褲子和鞋子，就在書桌那里坐下來開始做

3、他的家庭作業(yè)。,.,6,省詞：e.g. I drank some ice tea, but it made me more thirsty. Version A: 我喝了一些冰茶，但它卻使我更渴了。 Version B: 我喝了一些冰茶，卻更渴了。,.,7,A) Success is often just an idea away. B) Away flies the arrow! C) We are looking forward with interest to your reply. D) A gentleman will die for one who appreciates his

4、worth while a woman will beautify herself for one who attracts her.,課堂思考與練習(xí)1 試將下列英語句子譯成漢語，注意詞量的增減。,.,8,A) Success is often just an idea away. 成功往往只是一個念頭的距離。 成功往往只是一念之差。 成功與否往往只是一念之差。 成敗往往在于一念之間。,課堂思考與練習(xí)1 參考譯文 試將下列英語句子譯成漢語，注意詞量的增減。,.,9,B) Away flies the arrow! 箭飛走了！ 箭嗖的一聲飛走了！ 嗖，箭飛走了！,.,10,C) We are l

5、ooking forward with interest to your reply. 我們帶著極大的興趣盼望貴方的答復(fù)。 盼復(fù)。 D) A gentleman will die for one who appreciates his worth while a woman will beautify herself for one who attracts her. 士為知己者死，女為悅己者容。,.,11,增詞譯法與省詞譯法,在準確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上在譯文中添加必要詞語或省略一些詞語以便忠實再現(xiàn)原文信息和在譯文中進行通順表達的翻譯方法。 原則：增詞不能蛇足，減詞不能損意（王宏印，2002：17

6、4）,.,12,課堂思考與練習(xí)2,1、判斷以下說法的正誤并改正。 1）增詞譯法就是在譯文中隨意添加詞語的翻譯技巧。 2）減省譯法省略的詞語都是原文中不重要的詞語。 3）增譯法和省譯法都是目的語友善的歸化譯法。 4）增譯即是增加原文中雖無其詞卻有其意的一些部分；省譯即是要確保在譯文中雖無其詞但有其意。 2、判斷以下譯文是否屬于增譯或省譯法并說明理由和改進。,.,13,Ladies Room Ladies Cf. Mens Room Men,.,14,Automatic Flush,.,15,來也匆匆，去也沖沖 Come in Hurry, Go in Hurry Flush after Use

7、Come in a Rush, Leave with a Flush,.,16,One small step forward, one giant leap for civilian Step Closer,.,17,Specialist Clinic,.,18,.,19,語義性增補 Semantic amplification,1. Amplification by supplying verbs, nouns, adj, adv, numerals, plural forms of nouns, unit words, category words, etc. For example: *

8、增加名詞 Wash before meal. 飯前洗手 . He never smokes or drinks. 他從不吸煙，也不喝酒。 He has greater interest in novels than in poetry. 他對小說的興趣比對詩的興趣大。,.,20,*增加動詞 In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 晚上在參加宴會、出席音樂會、觀看乒

9、乓球表演以后，他還得起草最后公報。,.,21,The wealth of students talent, application and industry are currently being wasted on diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about（盧紅梅，2006，p36). 學(xué)生們的天賦、專心和勤奮現(xiàn)在正被浪費在攻讀一些無人感興趣的文憑和學(xué)位課程上。,.,22,*增加范疇詞 In E-C，we usually translate abstract nouns into concrete nouns by adding

10、 category words, such as “化”、“性”、“論”、“品”、“度”等。如： abstraction抽象化 necessity必要性 relativity相對論 intensity強度 preparation準備工作 tension緊張狀態(tài),.,23,administration 管理部門 application 使用場合 computation 計算技術(shù) damage 破壞情況 imagination 想象力 jealousy 嫉妒心理,.,24,*增加概括詞 Amplification by supplying words of generalization. They

11、 talked about inflation, unemployment, financial investment and environmental protection. 他們談到了通貨膨脹、失業(yè)、金融投資以及環(huán)境保護等問題。 China and Great Britain arrived at an agreement on exchange students. 中英雙方就兩國之間交換留學(xué)生問題達成了一項協(xié)議。,.,25,*增加量詞,A）Shakespeare was a well-known playwright in the history of English literatu

12、re. 莎士比亞是英國文學(xué)史上一位著名的劇作家。,.,26,*增加副詞 The crowds melted away. 人群漸漸散開了。 He poured out his tale of misfortunes. 他滔滔不絕地訴說/一古腦地講訴/傾訴了自己的不幸遭遇。,.,27,*增加表達復(fù)數(shù)概念的詞：重疊詞、數(shù)詞等 The judge let him off with warnings not to cause trouble. 法官對他再三提出警告不得重新作案，然后把他釋放。 Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses tha

13、t many dangers may cause. 貨物保險會使貿(mào)易商免受許多風(fēng)險所可能造成的種種損失。,.,28,2. Amplification by supplying words in the TL text that can indicate the verb tenses in the SL text 增加因漢語語法無法表達的時態(tài)虛詞（如正、在、著、了、過） 或時間短語（如過去、現(xiàn)在、將來、那天、當時、到目前、一直） Cotton is falling in price, and the buyers hold off. 棉花正在跌價，買主們都在持幣觀望。 Inflation wa

14、s and still is the No. 1 problem of that country. 通貨膨脹過去是，現(xiàn)在仍然是該國的首要問題。 We can learn what we did not learn. 我們能夠?qū)W會我們過去/原來/以往不懂的東西。,.,29,3. Amplification by supplying background information Le Monde, the BBC, the New York Times, the entire Arab press all quote Heikal at length. 法國的世界報，英國廣播公司，美國的紐約時報，

15、以及整個阿拉伯報界都大篇幅地引用海克爾的話。 The blond boy quickly crossed himself. 那個金發(fā)小男孩立刻在胸前劃十字祈求上帝保佑。 Nixon learned that Ceausescu would welcome a presidential visit. 尼克松了解到，齊奧塞斯庫歡迎美國總統(tǒng)訪羅。,.,30,Not all mergers, however, are the result of global economic trends, political change or technological innovation. BMWs take

16、over of the Rover Group injected much needed investment into the struggling UK car manufacturer whilst extending BMWs product range. 然而，并非所有的合并都是經(jīng)濟全球化趨勢、政治變化或者技術(shù)革新所帶來的結(jié)果。德國寶馬汽車公司接管了羅福汽車集團，給這個在掙扎中求生存的英國汽車制造公司注入了急需的資金，同時又拓展了寶馬汽車公司本身的產(chǎn)品范圍。,.,31,三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal

17、 Zhuge Liang, the master mind. 班門弄斧 Showing off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter.,.,32,Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard. 俗話說，壁櫥里面藏骷髏，見不得人的事家家有。 Advice and correction roll off him like water off a ducks back. 規(guī)勸對他好象水過鴨背不起作用。,.,33,B. 結(jié)

18、構(gòu)性增補 Syntactic Amplification 1 Amplification by supplying words omitted in the source language text. We dont retreat, we never have and never will. 我們不后退，我們從沒有后退過，將來也決不會后退。 A government of and by and for the exploiting class cannot possibly survive. 一個由剝削階級所占有，由剝削階級所組成，并為剝削階級服務(wù)的政府是不可能存在下去的。,.,34,Mat

19、ter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)化成能量，能量也可以轉(zhuǎn)化成物質(zhì)。 Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇敢過度即成蠻勇，感情過度即成溺愛，節(jié)儉過度即成貪婪。 Dont you want Mr. Smith to be your tutor? Yes, of course. 你不想讓史密斯先生當你的導(dǎo)師嗎？我當然想。,.,35,B. 句法性增補 Syntactic Amplification

20、 2. Amplification by supplying what is implied structurally in the SL text The strongest man can not alter the law of nature. 即使最強壯的人也不能改變自然法則。 More thorough testing might have caught the failure initially. 如果測試更為徹底，也許一開始就能找出故障。,.,36,Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed. 準備工作完成不了，那可怎

21、么辦？ The financing of the sale often involves bills of exchange and documentary credits. 商品買賣的貨款收付情況體現(xiàn)在匯票或跟單信用證中。,.,37,Since air has weight , it exerts force on any object immersed in it. 因為空氣具有重量，所以處在空氣中的任一物體都會受到空氣的作用力。 At the time of Kennedys assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would h

22、ave led either to greatness or disaster. 在肯尼迪遇刺時，基辛格認為假如肯尼迪再任一屆總統(tǒng)的話，大概不是立大功就是闖大禍。,.,38,C. 修辭性增補Rhetorical Amplification 1）增加語氣詞 Dont take it seriously. Its only a joke. 不要認真嘛！我不過開開玩笑罷了。 Their host carved, poured, server, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health. 他們的主人又是割呀，又是倒呀，又是布菜呀，又是切面包呀，又是談呀，又

23、是笑呀，又是敬酒呀，忙個不停。 You are only young once. At the time it seems endless, and is gone in a flash; and then for a long time you are old. 人的一生只能年輕一次，年輕時總覺得時間無限，而失去就在瞬間，而后呢，就要在漫長的歲月中度過晚年。,.,39,We think we have freed our slaves, but we have not. We just call them by a different name. 我們自以為奴隸已經(jīng)解放了，實際上并沒有。我們

24、不過用一種不同的名字來稱呼他們罷了。 He adored that girl who had just gone out. 他一心戀著剛走出去的那個女孩。 Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. (Francis Bacon) 有一技之長者鄙讀書，無知者羨讀書，惟明智之士用讀書，

25、然而并不以用處告人，用書之智不在書中，而在書外，全憑觀察得之。,.,40,2）增加四字對偶詞組或疊詞,But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事那時已經(jīng)搞得滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。 The manager was a nervous anxious little man, always ready to cry wolf if the shop takings went down a pound or two. 經(jīng)理是個身材矮小、神經(jīng)過敏、焦慮不安的人。只要商店營業(yè)收入下降一兩鎊，他就要大喊大叫。,.,41,How do y

26、ou translate the following?,Even the most complicated computer man has yet built cant compare in intricacy（復(fù)雜）with the brain. Computer switches and components number in the thousands rather than in the billions. Whats more, the computer switch is just an on-off device, whereas the brain cell is itse

27、lf possessed of a tremendously complex structure.,.,42,即便人類現(xiàn)今研制出的最復(fù)雜的電腦，其復(fù)雜程度也無法與人腦相比。電腦的轉(zhuǎn)換器和元件只是成千上萬，而不是上百億、上千億。更重要的是，電腦的轉(zhuǎn)換器僅是一種開關(guān)裝置，而人腦細胞本身卻有著極其復(fù)雜的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。,.,43,.,44,Two Types of Omission,1. Syntactic Omission 句法性減省 differences at both word and sentence level 2. Rhetorical Omission 修辭性減省 differences

28、in the way of expressing, e.g.: the source language - more indispensable, natural while the target language superfluous, unnatural, redundant, wordy.,.,45,They had ground him beneath their heel, they had taken the best of him, they had murdered his father, they had broken and wrecked his wife, they

29、had crushed his whole family. 他們把他踩在腳下，壓得粉碎，他們榨干了他的精髓，害死了他的父親，摧殘了他的妻子，毀滅了他的全家。 He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders. 他將雙手放進衣袋，然后聳了聳肩。 When the students finished all the books they had brought, they opened the lunch and ate it. 學(xué)生們看完了隨身帶的書，就打開飯盒吃起來。,.,46,Structural Omissi

30、on： 1. 冠詞省譯,1. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽東邊升起西邊落。 2. The policeman asked the driver to describe the accident in greater detail. 警察要求司機把事故經(jīng)過講得更詳細些。 3. The little boy pretended like a man. 小男孩假裝大人。,.,47,Syntactic Omission ：2. 介詞省譯,1. The students from Guangzhou live at home whi

31、le the others live in the dormitory. 廣州的同學(xué)住家里，其他同學(xué)住宿舍。 2. Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country. 該國各地目前怨聲載道。 3. The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949. 1949年中華人民共和國成立。,.,48,Syntactic Omission ：3.代詞省譯,人稱代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞 1. In Japan it is rude to blow your nose and as in China,

32、rude to leave your chopsticks standing up in a bowl of rice. 在日本，擤鼻子很不文雅。而在中國，將筷子豎直插在飯碗里是很不恰當?shù)摹?2. All the fellows gathered around, stretching their necks like geese. 所有的小伙子都聚攏來，像鵝一樣伸長脖子。,.,49,3. “You must finish your homework before you go out to play,” said Mum to Tom. 母親對湯姆說：“你必須做完家庭作業(yè)后，才可以出去玩。 4

33、. How do atoms arrange themselves in solid? 原子在固體中是如何排列的？,.,50,5. When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他經(jīng)常聚精會神地工作,往往廢寢忘食. 6.If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must fi

34、rst catch their leader. 打蛇先打頭，擒賊先擒王。,.,51,Syntactic Omission： 4.非人稱代詞“It”的省譯,形式主語、形式賓語、時空和天氣概念 1. It is only shallow people who judge by appearances. 只有淺薄的人才以貌取人。 2. He took it upon himself to pay off the debt. 他自愿負責還清債務(wù)。,.,52,3. It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate. 她關(guān)院子門時，天黑了。 4.

35、It looks like rain. Youd better go home now. 好象要下雨了。 你回去吧。,.,53,Syntactic Omission： 5.連詞省譯,并列連詞、從屬連詞(因果連詞、條件連詞、時間連詞等) 1. He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些憂郁不安。 2. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？,.,54,3. Just like the ever-changing weather, peoples life is unpredictable. 天

36、有不測風(fēng)云，人有旦夕禍福。 4. Lets think of a situation where this idiom can be used. 我們來想一個可以使用這個習(xí)語的場合。,.,55,5. As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 天已經(jīng)很黑了，我們決定在廟里過夜。 6. When the masses are of one heart, everything becomes easy. 群眾齊心協(xié)力了，一切事情就好辦了。 眾人一條心，其力可斷金。,.,56,Synta

37、ctic Omission： 6.動詞省譯,1. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. 氣壓低，沸點就低。 2. Thirty years ago, concern for environmental issues was restricted to small groups of scientists. 三十年前只有少數(shù)科學(xué)家關(guān)注環(huán)境問題。,.,57,3. The representatives of the two sides have now agreed on the proposals put forwa

38、rd by the coordinator. 雙方代表（已）一致同意協(xié)調(diào)人的方案。 4.These developing countries cover vast territories, comprise a large population and abound in natural resources. 這些發(fā)展中國家土地遼闊，人口眾多，資源豐富。,.,58,Rhetoric Omission： 1.原文重復(fù)詞語或意義的省譯,University postgraduate applicants who had worked at a job would receive preferenc

39、e over those who had not. 報考大學(xué)碩士生的人，有工作經(jīng)驗的優(yōu)先錄取。 The crowd was pushing harder. Those in the middle were squeezed against each other so tightly they could not move in any direction. 人群越擠越厲害，夾在當中的人被擠得動彈不得。,.,59,Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing. 能引起疾病的細菌稱

40、為致病菌。 The late Mrs Achson had passed to her Maker somewhere about 1930. 亞馬遜太太大約是在1930年升天的。,.,60,“Remember: you are not any old Tom, Dick or Harry giving his opinion. Youre a man who was went as a representative of the British Government.” “你要記住，你不是一個普普通通的老百姓，可以隨便發(fā)表意見。你是英國政府派出的代表?！?Its essential that

41、 the mechanic or technician understands well the characteristics of battery circuits and the proper methods for connecting batteries or cells. 重要的是，技術(shù)人員要深入了解電池電路的特性和連接電池的正確方法。,.,61,Rhetoric Omission： 2.不言而喻的詞語的省略,For our part, we fully realized that to avoid the possibility of any further ceasefire

42、violations, the troops must be withdrawn. 我們充分認識到，要避免可能再一次違反?；饏f(xié)議，就必須撤軍。 Could you help me in any way? 你能幫幫我嗎？ We should never take advantage of someone who is in trouble. 我們不能乘人之危。,.,62,The agreement in question calls for your working out business to the amount of $500000. 該協(xié)議書要求你們做成50萬美元的業(yè)務(wù)。 Every time people reach a status in life , they seem to take pride in the fact that they now have a secretary. 每當人們上升到一定的地位時，他們似乎以有一名秘書而感到自豪。 There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. 天未下雪，但已葉落草枯。,.,63,It is