1、.,句子成分詳解表,.,取得英語語法成功的基石,英語句子成分和基本句型,.,3,什么是句子？,句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，是能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語言單位句子的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫，結(jié)尾要有？ ！ 主語和謂語是一句子中不可缺少的成分.,I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !,.,4,現(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、

2、狀語(adverbial) 、補(bǔ)語（complement）。,句子包括哪些成分？,.,.,表示句子所說的是 “什么人”或“什么事物”,主 語,What he needs is a book.,Gina is from Australia.,She often goes to the movies.,Doing the work is hard for him.,.,主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于_ 。,1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy

3、. 4.Playing football after school is great fun.,句首,.,在“There be ”句型中，主語的位置在 be動詞之后。 如： There are some bottles of milk in the box. There is a duck in the lake.,.,一、主語 主語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ） 3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To

4、see is to believe. （ ） 7. What he needs is a book. （ ） 8. It is very clear that the elephant is tall like a tree. （ ）,名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動名詞,不定式,從句,It作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語,.,形式主語,It is clear that the sun is bigger than the earth.,It is important to learn English well .,不定式、從句等作主語時(shí)，為避頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語置句首。,.,你能劃出下列句子

5、的真正的主語嗎?翻譯 1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) He is clever a lot. 3) It is getting clod 4) It is easy for me to play the piano. 5) The teacher is kind to us.,說謊是錯(cuò)誤的。,.,主語在哪里,The young should respect the old.,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.,What he has said is true.,Seeing is believing.（眼見為實(shí)）,

6、.,說明主語“做什么” 或“怎么樣”, 謂語通常是動詞。,主謂要一致,謂 語,We love China.,He has a bad cold.,.,1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired.,謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由 _ 充當(dāng).,實(shí)義動詞或系動詞,動詞常分為實(shí)義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.,.,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.,They can speak English wel

7、l. They are playing over there.,動詞常分為實(shí)義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.,.,We have finished reading this book.,謂語在哪里,They can speak English well.,助動詞和情態(tài)動詞須和實(shí)義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語,He looked after two boys.,They enjoyed playing computer games.,look after照顧,.,表示動作, 行為的對象 說明主語“做了什么” （所做的事）,賓 語,He is looking at the dog.,賓語一般放在及物動詞或

8、介詞后,賓語是動作，行為的對象，由名詞，代詞，短語，不定式，動名詞，從句充當(dāng)它和及物動詞一起說明主語做了什么，在謂語、介詞之后,.,賓語：動作行為的對象，說明主語做什么。一般放在_或_后面.,1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there. 3.He is looking at the dog.,雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.,及物動詞,介詞,間接賓語,直接賓語,.,Tom teaches us English.,雙賓語,人是間接賓語物是直接賓語,常跟雙賓語的詞

9、 give , buy, teach,.,二、賓語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1.She lived a happy life.( ) 2.I love you.( ) 3.We need two.( ) 4.Do you mind my opening the door?( ) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.( ) 6.He did not know what to say.( ) 7.Did you write down what she said? ( ) 8. She felt it her duty to take good care o

10、f them. ( ),名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動名詞,不定式,疑問詞+不定式,從句,It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語,.,My brother hasnt done his homework. A B C D,You must pay good attention to A B your pronunciation. C D,賓語在哪里,.,Summary,.,She is a beautiful girl.,.,.,說明主語“是什么”, “怎么樣” 位于系動詞之后,表 語,Her mother is a bank clerk.,The food tastes delicious.,表語說明主語

11、是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，形容詞， 副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，短語，或者從句充當(dāng)表語位于系動詞后面,.,表語：跟在 后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài).,The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful .,系動詞,.,He always kept silent at meeting.,系動詞,狀態(tài)系動詞 表示主語狀態(tài)、身份等，主要有be（is am are）,I am hungry.,持續(xù)系動詞 表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay等。,.,He became mad after that

12、.,系動詞,感官系動詞 主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。,This flower smells very sweet.,變化系動詞 表示主語變化，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come等。,.,表語 表語可以用下面這些東西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) To see is to believe.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The

13、 news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( ),名詞,代詞,不定式,從句,形容詞/副詞,介詞短語,分詞,.,找出表語,Every thing looks nice.,His face turned red.,He is happy.,.,修飾名詞或代詞,定 語,Shes a good basketball player.,Whats your name?,The girl with long hair is my

14、sister.,.,定語：用來修飾_ .,This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the door is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.,五、定語,名詞和代詞,.,三、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示： Its a red car.( ) They live in the room above.( ) My

15、 brother is a teacher.( ) We belong to the third world.( ) Lucys father is a poor worker.( ) Mother made a birthday cake for me.( ) The man under the tree is my teacher.( ) The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( ),形容詞,副詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞所有格,名詞,介詞短語,現(xiàn)在分詞,.,找出定語,Some pe

16、ople forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D,The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D,.,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句, 說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。,狀 語,The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machines.,He sat there quietly.,.,四、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示： He is often late for class.( ) We saw that picture at t

17、he cinema.( ) He sat there smoking.( ) They returned tired and hungry. （ ） They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ） Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( ) The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( ),副詞，程度,介詞短語，地點(diǎn),分詞，伴隨,不定式，目的,形容詞，狀態(tài),讓步狀語從句,結(jié)果狀語從句,.,四、狀語可以用下面這些東西表示： While my wife

18、 was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ） He was angry because we were late( ） If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ),時(shí)間狀語從句,原因狀語從句,條件狀語從句,.,找出狀語,He began writing when he was eleven. A B C D,There was a big smile on her face. A B C D,.,用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況,賓語 補(bǔ)足語,We elected him our monitor.,He ask

19、ed her to take the boy out of school.,.,注意點(diǎn),某些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。比如說： I like to keep everything tidy. Im going to paint it pink.,.,感官動詞和使役動詞加賓補(bǔ)，如：See，hear, notice, watch, hear，feel , observe(感官動詞)， Make，have, let(使役動詞)，接賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式的符號to必須省略。在help后,不定式可以帶to,也可不帶。 1. I hear him sing .

20、 2. Let him help you.,.,五、賓語補(bǔ)足語： I consider Jim a good friend.( ) I always find her happy.( ) People praised him as a hero.( ) I had the TV fixed.( ) I saw him entering the building.( ) What made you think so?( ) Do you want me to go?( ),形容詞,名詞,介詞短語,過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,省略掉to的不定式,不定式,.,I saw Mr. Wang get on th

21、e bus. A B C D,They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D,找出賓補(bǔ),.,Summary,.,句子成份練習(xí),1、You should study hard. 2、The teacher got very angry. 3、The boy told me his story. 4、We elected him our monitor. 5、The sun keeps us warm. 6、I told him to open the window. 7、We watched the train leaving the station.,狀語,表語,間語

22、+直賓,賓語+賓補(bǔ),賓語+賓補(bǔ),賓語+賓補(bǔ),賓語+賓補(bǔ),.,8. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning. 9. There seems little hopes of success. 10、To our joy, they arrived safe. 11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game. 12. After graduation he will work where he came from.,賓語+賓補(bǔ),主語,狀語,同位語,狀語,.,有哪幾種常

23、見的句型結(jié)構(gòu)？,.,按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。 簡單句：只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. They walked, talked and laughed.,.,英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型,掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。,一： （主謂） 二： （主系表） 三： （主謂賓） 四： （主謂間賓直賓） 五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）,.,基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共

24、同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。,.,.,系動詞詞義不完整，在句中不能單獨(dú)使用（除省略句外），后面必須接有表語，系動詞和表語一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。,.,53,一、系動詞的分類： 常見的系動詞大致可分為三類。 第一類：表示特征或狀態(tài)的，有be， look， feel， see

25、m， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out（結(jié)果是、證明是）等。 You dont look very well. I feel rather cold.,.,54,第二類：表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)的變化，有become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run等。 He became a world-famous scientist. It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned bad.,.,55,第三類：表示保持狀態(tài)的，有kee

26、p， remain， continue，stay等。 Keep quiet, children! It remains to be proved.,.,56,基本句型 三 +t +（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。,.,57,.,58,基本句型 四 +t +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動作的間接承受者。 通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來連接，當(dāng)動作的間

27、接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。,.,59,.,60,基本句型 五 +t + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。,.,61,.,62,用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,.,并列句,定 義,用 法,.,64,并列句是由and, but, or, for等

28、并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意義有關(guān)的簡單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句。并列句是初中英語語法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是中考的常考知識點(diǎn)之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句,就讓我們一起聆聽它的“四重奏”吧!,定義,并列句是由and, but, or, for等并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意義有關(guān)的簡單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句。并列句是初中英語語法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是中考的?？贾R點(diǎn)之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句,就讓我們一起聆聽它的“四重奏”吧!,定義,.,65,聯(lián)合并列句,并列連詞:and(和、并且), 其中and意為“和、又、而”， 表示動作先后等，

29、not only.but also.(不但而且)等。,Jim finished his homework and he went to bed. 吉姆寫完作業(yè),就上床睡覺了。 Not only I come to school early, but also my teacher does. 不但我到校早,而且我的老師也是如此。,and在表示條件時(shí)，可與if引導(dǎo)的肯定條件句轉(zhuǎn)換,keep passing the ball to each other, and you”ll be Ok!,If you keep passing the ball each other, you”ll be Ok!

30、,.,66,轉(zhuǎn)折并列句,并列連詞:but(但是),however(然而),yet(但是),while(而,然而)等。其中but意為“但是、可是、然而、不過”，表意思轉(zhuǎn)折 。,Shes good at English, but her Chinese isnt good. 她擅長英語,但語文不好。 He worked hard, yet he failed. 他努力地干,然而失敗了。 Tom is tall while his brother is short. 湯姆個(gè)兒很高,而他的兄弟卻很矮。 Id like to go with you, however my hands are full. 我想和你一塊兒去,可是我忙不過來。,.,67,特別提醒: though, although(雖然，盡管)不能 與 but(但是)連用。,雖然他很累,但是他沒有停止工作。 誤:Although he is very tired, but he doesnt stop working.,正:Although he is very tired, he do