1、.,The Diary of the Unknown Soldier,.,Pre-reading questions 1. Have you seen any war film? Can you describe the cruelties of war from the eyes of a soldier?,.,Background information,Normandy Invasion During World War II, the Allied invasion of western Europe, which was launched on June 6, 1944 (the m

2、ost celebrated D-Day of the war), with the simultaneous landing of U.S., British, and Canadian forces on five separate beachheads in Normandy, France.,.,By the end of August 1944 all of northern France was liberated, and the invading forces reorganized for the drive into Germany, where they would ev

3、entually meet with Soviet forces advancing from the east to bring an end to the Nazi.,.,Background information,D-Day, June 6, 1944,.,Background information,American paratrooper at the time of the Normandy Invasion of World War II (June 1944).,.,Structural analysis,This story is dedicated to all of t

4、he unknown soldiers who died while trying to protect the lives of the innocent. And it shows us what happened in different three days according to the soldiers diary. This passage is divided into three parts.,.,The first entry,The horrible scene of the war His wish to be alive His longing for his fa

5、mily,.,Part 1 November 24, 1943 1st entry,Paragraph 1: The first paragraph provides a contrast between what the author saw in the battlefield and what he and his fellow soldiers had expected before they joined in the war.,.,Paragraph 2: This paragraph is a description of the enemys air raid before t

6、he unknown soldier wrote this entry. It is a flashback.,.,Paragraph3-4: As a lucky survivor of the air raid, the author witnessed the aftermath of the bombing.,.,Language Points,ache 1. feel physical painvi. 疼痛； 2. have a desire for something or someone who is not present 渴望 ache all over 全身疼痛 ache

7、for 想念，渴望,.,n. 疼痛 aches and pains 痛苦；不適；各種各樣的病痛 stomach ache 胃疼 tooth ache 牙痛 ache all over全身疼痛,.,Corpse,corpse ticket 士兵佩的身牌（以便于死亡后辨認(rèn)） walking corpse=walking skeleton 骨瘦如柴的人， 皮包骨的人,.,heap,a heap of dirty rags lying in the corner 躺在角落的一堆臟破布 We have heaps of homework tonight. 今晚我們有一大堆作業(yè) heap a plate

8、with vegetables 盤子中盛滿了蔬菜 heap praise on the rescuers 對救濟者大加贊賞,.,Paraphrase,“ I might have taken it lighter” I might have felt less sad. “ what they received was a one-way ticket to death” They were doomed to die. cf. two-way ticket (a round trip往返旅行),.,D-day,Paraphrase: It is the planners designatio

9、n of the day on which to start a military operation. The actual date of the operation will be fixed later. 這是計劃者指定的作為軍事訓(xùn)練的一天。一般實際日期要晚些定下來。,.,assign,to give someone a task to do assign property to another 把財產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓給別人 assign ones failure to idleness 將失敗歸因于懶惰 assign a day for a meeting 確定開會日期,.,e.g. He is

10、 assigned to direct the opening ceremony of this important tourist festival. 他被指派統(tǒng)管這場重要的旅游節(jié)的開幕式。,.,Para. 1 Why did the unknown soldier call his fellow soldiers and himself fools?,.,The unknown soldier called himself and his fellow soldiers fools, because they were totally unprepared for the cruelty

11、and death of the war, and “ came here with an air of confidence and eagerness, ready to win”, but what awaited them was “ a one-way ticket to death”.,.,Out of the blue,Out of the blue: all of a sudden synonyms: suddenly, abruptly e.g. I was pleasantly surprised to see an old friend who appeared at t

12、he party out of the blue.在那次晚會上，一位老朋友突然出現(xiàn)，令我驚喜不已。,.,bombard,(用問題、建議等)不斷攻擊，激烈攻擊，連續(xù)質(zhì)問，向連續(xù)提出問題；痛斥： bombard sb. with questions 像連珠炮似地對(某人)提出問題,.,Cripple,vt. 1. 使殘疾： He was crippled in the war. 他在戰(zhàn)爭中成了殘廢。 2. 使受傷致殘；使受損；使喪失活動能力；削弱： The factory was entirely crippled by the strike. 罷工使這個工廠完全癱瘓了。,.,“I was kno

13、cked into a trench” I was suddenly thrown into a trench by a great force.,.,knock,knocked the attacker senseless. 把襲擊者打昏 knock into the table 撞到了桌子 We tried to knock some sense into his head. 我們試著給他灌輸一點常識。,.,The storm knocked out the telephones. 風(fēng)暴使電話中斷。 knocked herself out to be ready on time 為了及時作

14、好準(zhǔn)備她竭盡全力 What knocks me is his impudence. 他的厚顏無恥使我感到吃驚。,.,circle,the circle of the seasons 四季的循環(huán) a circle of friends 一群朋友 Academic/ cultural/ the upper circles(特等座，貴賓席） The happy news soon circled round. 喜訊很快就傳開了。,.,detect,vt. 1. 發(fā)覺(事物的存在) e.g. I detected a note of pity in her voice. 我覺察她話音里帶著同情。 2.

15、 察覺(某人干某事)： e.g. I detected her cheating. 我發(fā)覺她在欺騙。,.,3. 偵查出，偵察， e.g. Small quantities of alcohol were detected in the drivers blood. 在司機血液中測出少量酒精。 Synonym: perceive,.,Axis powers,They referred to the alliance of Germany, Italy and Japan in World War II that opposed the Allies ,which were Russia, Fra

16、nce, Great Britain and later many others, including the US.,.,scoop up,scoop up: to take up or out; to lift e.g. He scooped up the little boy and ran from the fire.,.,aftermath,famine as an aftermath of drought 旱災(zāi)后是饑荒 in the aftermath of war 戰(zhàn)后時期,.,a sea of blood,a sea of blood: This is a metaphor w

17、hich is used to describe the scene more vividly. e.g. a torrent(激流) of anger a mountain of books,.,“I hope the garden that they planted is growing.” Actually , the author is saying that those things (trees, vegetables or flowers) in the garden are growing e.g. 1. The whole church is singing a song.

18、2. The grey hair should be respected. 3. The White House has to make some compromise with the congress on the budget(預(yù)算）.,.,plane spotting,plane spotting: identifying and locating enemy planes by keeping close watch. spot: to see, esp. with effort,.,Spot: to see, esp. with effort e.g. : The fake pai

19、nting was spotted by a New York art dealer. spot a friend in the crowd 在人群中認(rèn)出一個朋友 spot sb. as the winner 在競賽開始前認(rèn)準(zhǔn)某人會得勝,.,“All I ask is that I be alive when this ends.” 我所希望的是一切結(jié)束后我還能活著。,.,.,Part 2:,Run: to develop or pass into the stated condition E.g: Our supply of coal is running low. He is always

20、 running to his lawyer. 他總是去投靠他的律師 athletes who run for the gold medal. 運動員為金牌而賽,.,disease that ran rampant. 猖獗地傳播的疾病 a lease with one year to run. 還有一年有效期的租借 It is a two minutes run from the subway. 從地鐵跑兩分鐘就到了,.,Ammunition Rocks were my only ammunition against the bear. 石頭是我對付熊的唯一武器 Argument is his

21、 ammunition. 爭論是他的攻擊防御手段。,.,Have it that: to say, to express Legend has it that all the world is a stage. Rumor has it that he was killed in a raid in the local area. 謠傳他在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊淮我u擊中被殺害。,.,Grim to look grim 表情冷酷 a grim smile laugh 獰笑 grim courage 堅韌不拔的勇氣 Ive had a grim day. 我過了不愉快的一天。,.,Odds: the proba

22、bility that something will or will not happen. The odds against being killed in a plane crash are very high. won the contest by considerable odds. 比賽中大贏了一把 The odds are against us. 我們沒有成功的機會。 The odds are in their favor. 他們有成功的可能。,.,shed blood: to cause wounding or, esp. killing They wanted to bring

23、 down the government, but without shedding blood.,.,Take precaution: to do everything that is necessary to avoid danger or risk The accident would never have occurred if they had taken precaution. 我們已經(jīng)采取了一切措施防止那幅油畫被盜。 We have taken all the precautions we can against the painting being stolen.,.,stri

24、ke anote: to express the feeling or message; to express a particular feeling or attitude His new book strikes a warning note against government overspending. strike a happy/cheerful/cautious etc note strike a balance (between something),.,strike it rich: to suddenly make a lot of money After several

25、 months of drilling in the desert, the prospectors struck it rich. 勘探者們在沙漠中花了幾個月的時間鉆井，終于鉆出了石油。,.,strike home: if something that you say strikes home, it has exactly the effect on someone that you intended: It was only after his wife left him that it finally struck home to him how much he relied on h

26、er. 只有在他妻子離開他之后，才終于使他意識到自己是多么地離不開她。,.,enrage: to make someone very angry He was enraged by the murder of his brother that he decided to find the killer himself. 亞當(dāng)拒絕加班，這使他的老板極為惱火。 Adams refusal to work overtime enraged his boss.,.,strew,to scatter things around a large area be strewn with something

27、The street was strewn with broken glass. strew something around/about/over etc something strewn with something: containing a lot of something to lie scattered over something: Flowers strewed the path.,.,Tattered: clothes, books etc that are tattered are old and torn: He produced a tattered envelope

28、from his pocket. in tatters: if a plan or someones reputation is in tatters, it is ruined; clothes that are in tatters are old and torn,.,Part 3,Tuck：to push something, especially the edge of a piece of cloth or paper, into or behind something so that it looks tidier or stays in place tuck something

29、 into/under/behind etc something be tucked up in bed informal to be lying or sitting in bed,.,Fiery：1.very red or orange, and looking like fire ：leaves that turn fiery red in autumn 2. becoming angry or excited very quickly He has a fiery temper. 3. showing or encouraging anger or excitement: a fier

30、y speech 4. fiery food or drink tastes very strong, making part of your body feel hot,.,engulf: to surround and swallow up The house was engulfed in flames. if an unpleasant feeling engulfs you, you feel it very strongly An almost unbearable loneliness engulfed her.,.,Aglow：having a soft light, or a

31、 strong, warm color The evening sky was still aglow. if someones face is aglow, they seem happy and excited aglow with Lindas face was aglow with happiness.,.,doom: to cause to suffer something unavoidable, such as death or destruction We saw the doomed aircraft just before it crashed.,.,Doom: to ma

32、ke someone or something certain to fail, die, be destroyed etc be doomed to failure/defeat/extinction etc Many species are doomed to extinction. The plan was doomed from the start. be doomed to do something We are all doomed to die in the end. doomed adjective: passengers on the doomed flight,.,If y

33、ou refuse to provide any information of the user, then your computer program is doomed to failure. doom and gloom=when there seems to be no hope for the future,.,The second entry,His reflections on war, interwoven with description of his grim situation in a small European town Facts: they are stayin

34、g at the town, without food and ammunition when the Nazi troops are coming Reflection: war creates more problems, and “Even one war is too many”,.,Part 2 November 29, 1943 (The 2nd entry),Paragraph 1: This paragraph consists of three points. The author begins with his remarks on the validity of war(

35、Sentence1-4), and then turns to his grim situation at that time(S5-9), and shifts to those dead soldiers and their families. Paragraph 2: This paragraph projects the authors strong passions: his affection for his family (daughters) and his rage for “selfish and ignorant” killing and destruction.,.,T

36、he third entry,The imminent danger and, possibly, death, Nazi troops coming, realization; One last question; Why should there be war?,.,Part 3 December 24, 1943 (The 3rd entry),In the third part, what readers can see in the paragraph is like picture-talking with the focus shifting from the approachi

37、ng death on the battlefield to the authors envisioned peace at home. Then it ends abruptly with one last question about the sensibility of war, “Why?”, possibly with the end of his life.,.,Look at these snapshots:,-Nazi troops invasion into their location; -the authors vision of lying in his own bed

38、 at home, waiting for Christmas; -his feeling of being close to death; -his vision of his daughters at home; -a Nazi soldiers footsteps coming in his direction; -his last wish to get his diary back home.,.,Comprehension questions (1),1.Why did the unknown soldier call his fellow soldiers and himself

39、 fools? The unknown soldier called himself and his fellow soldiers fools, because they were totally unprepared for the cruelty and death of the war, and “ came here with an air of confidence and eagerness, ready to win”, but what awaited them was “ a one-way ticket to death”.,.,Comprehension questio

40、ns (2),2.What were his situations in the war in which the unknown soldier wrote his diary? The unknown soldier wrote the first entry when his regiment was in London to protect the city from Nazis air bombing. He wrote the next two entries when he was in Europe before an anticipated battle and during

41、 a face-to-face fight.,.,Comprehension questions (3),3.What was it, as mentioned in all the three entries, that encouraged the unknown soldier to live on? What encouraged the unknown soldier to live on was his wish to go home alive to see his family.,.,4.What did he determine to tell the families of

42、 those soldiers who died in the war? He would tell their families that those soldiers died bravely in an effort to save their countries from turmoil and make the children feel that their fathers made a difference.,.,Comprehension questions (4),5. How did the unknown soldier view the on-going war? He felt disgusted at the cruelty of the war, questioned the sensibility of human beings who start