1、Pneumonia,Team,1,Contents,Definition,Anatomy,2,Anatomy,3,Definition,Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung. It is often characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid.,4,Epidemiology, Pneumonia is a common illness in all par

2、ts of the world. It is a major cause of death among all age groups . Pneumonia occurs more commonly in males than females. The morbidity and mortality of pneumonia are high especially in old people.,5,Etiology, Infectious pneumonia is caused by bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite etc. Pneumonia may als

3、o be caused by other factors including physical, chemical, allergen.,6,Classification,Lobar pneumonia: Involvement of an entire lobe . Lobular pneumonia: Involvement of parts of the lobe only, segmental or of alveoli contiguous to bronchi (bronchopneumonia). Interstitial pneumonia,7,Lobar pneumonia,

4、Clinical manifestation Have a fever suddenly, chills, chest pain. Major symptoms coughing up rusty sputum. The same lung breath sounds decreased and a audible wet rale. The total number of white blood cells and neutrop- hile increased significantly.,8,Lobar pneumonia,X-ray: right lung middle lobe ex

5、udation,9,Lobar pneumonia,left lung inferior lobe exudation,10,Lobar pneumonia,CT: right lung air branchogram,11,Lobar pneumonia,Mediastinal window: location shape density,12,Bronchopneumonia,Clinical characteristics Occurs in the elderly frail and infants and young children. High fever, cough, ches

6、t pain, dyspnea, cough sticks. Sign:fine crackles.,13,Bronchopneumonia,X-ray: lungs field lung marking hilar shadow,14,Bronchopneumonia,CT: Under the two lung multiple small patchy shadows vascular enlargement,15,Interstitial pneumonia,Clinical characteristics : Occurs more at pediatric. Symptoms: s

7、hort of breath, cynaosis, cough. Inflammation can cause lymphangitis and along the lymphatics extension lymph node phlogistic.,16,Interstitial pneumonia,X-ray: lungs field hilar shadow lung marking Mesh and small patchy shadows,17,Interstitial pneumonia,CT: Bronchial blood vessel bundle enlargement

8、Ground glass shadow Higher density shadow,18,Diagnosis,1Preceding history of common cold or other URI 2. Symptoms 3.Signs 4. Blood test 5. Radiologic 6.A definitive diagnosis requires demonstration of pneumonia in sputum examination,blood and lung tissue.,19,Therapy,Antibiotics therapy Support thera

9、py Therapy of complications,20,Antibiotics therapy,For patients who are believed to be allergic to penicillin，one may select the first or second generation cephalosporin or advanced macrolide。,21,Support therapy,Bed rest Monitoring vital signs and urine output Administering an occasional analgesic Replacing fluids,22,Therapy of compli