1、,賈根鎖 中科院大氣所東亞區(qū)域氣候-環(huán)境重點實驗室 Tel: 82995314 Email: Web: 教材: Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology Springer-Verlag, New York. 2002 Chapin, F.S.III, P.A. Matson, and P. M Vitousek.,1,王艷芬日期 I. CONTEXT The Ecosystem concept (Chapter 1)2月22日 Climate and ocean circulation (Chapter 2)3月1日 Geology and soi

2、ls (Chapter 3)3月8日 II. MECHANISMS Ecosystem Water and Energy Balance (Chapter 4)3月15日 Photosynthesis (Chapters 5)3月22日 Plant production processes (Chapter 6)3月29日 黃建輝 Decomposition (Chapter 7)4月5日 Plant nutrient use (Chapter 8)4月12日 Nutrient cycling (Chapter 9)4月19日 Aquatic Biogeochemistry (Chapter

3、10)4月26日 Trophic Dynamics (Chapter 11)5月3日 白永飛 Species Effects on Ecosystems (Chapter 12)5月10日 III. PATTERNS Temporal variation (Chapter 13)5月17日 More temporal variation Landscape heterogeneity (Chapter 14)5月24日 IV. INTEGRATION Global cycles (Chapter 15)5月31日 Ecosystem sustainability (Chapter 16)6月7

4、日 Final exam6月14日,2,Course Goals,Understand basic principles Ecological interactions Practical and conservation implications Be able to explain it to your grandmother,3,What do you want out of the course?,4,Ecosystem Ecology,Study of interactions among organisms and their physical environment as an

5、integrated system,5,What is an ecosystem?,bounded ecological system consisting of all the organisms in an area and the physical environment with which they interact Biotic and abiotic processes Social processes? Pools and fluxes,6,Simple ecosystem model,7,How big is an ecosystem? Spatial scale,8,Ear

6、th is a complex system of systems,9,Temporal Scale,Instantaneous Rain effects on soil moisture Light effects on photosynthesis Predator effects on prey activity Question: How does temperature affect carbon balance?,10,Temporal Scale,Instantaneous Seasonal Production exceeds herbivory in summer Herbi

7、vory exceeds production in winter Seasonal changes in ecosystem C balance Question: How does temperature affect carbon balance?,11,Temporal Scale,Instantaneous Seasonal Succession What is relative importance of timing of establishment and relative growth rate of plants in explaining community compos

8、ition? Question: How does temperature affect carbon balance?,12,Temporal Scale,Instantaneous Seasonal Succession Species migration What controls ecosystem N inputs and productivity? Question: How does temperature affect carbon balance?,13,Temporal Scale,Instantaneous Seasonal Succession Species migr

9、ation Evolutionary history Are aspen clones adapted to current environment? Question: How does temperature affect carbon balance?,14,Temporal Scale,Instantaneous Seasonal Succession Species migration Evolutionary history Geologic history What regulates the carbon distribution between land and oceans

10、? Question: How does temperature affect carbon balance?,15,General approaches,Systems approach Top-down approach Based on observations of general patterns,16,General approaches,Systems approach Top-down Based on observations of general patterns Mechanistic approach Bottom-up Based on process underst

11、anding,17,Examples of ecosystem questions,Whats the ecosystem? What are the pools and fluxes? What are appropriate temporal and spatial scales? What tools would you use?,18,What controls cycling? Open vs. closed cycles,19,Levels of simplifying assumptions,Equilibrium Steady State Dynamic change Alte

12、rnative stable states,20,Changes in biomass and diversity with succession.,21,Ecosystem components,Plants Decomposers Animals Abiotic components Water Atmosphere Soil minerals,22,Food chain:,23,24,Disturbances,25,Ecosystem Processes & feedback,26,27,Why should we care about ecosystem ecology?,Ecosys

13、tem ecology provides a mechanistic basis for understanding the Earth System Ecosystems provide goods and services to society Human activities are changing ecosystems (and therefore the Earth System),28,Ecosystem services,29,Human impacts on ecosystems,30,Global challenges,31,Summary Questions,What i

14、s an ecosystem? Pool and flux, how do they work? States and dynamics Controls over ecosystem processes Human and ecosystem,32,33,Gross Primary Productivity Respiration Net Primary Productivity NPP = GPP - R,34,The Carbon Cycle,35,(Slow variables) (Fast variables),(Spatial interactions),(Fast response),(Fast response),(Long-term security),36,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)學(xué),主講教師：白永飛 中科院植物研究所 黃建輝 中科院植物研究所 王艷芬 中科院研究生院 授課時間：星期一下午1：30 授課方式：課堂講授 考試方式：