1、Unit1 Festivals around the world,1. Festival are meant to celebrate important times of year.,mean 的用法,1). mean doing sth. mean doing sth. 的意思是“意味著（必須要做某事或?qū)е路N結(jié)果）”, 其主語通常是指事物的詞。,2). mean to do sth. mean to do sth. 的意思是“打算或企圖做某事”，其主語通常是表示人的名詞或代詞，其過去完成式表示“本來打算做某事”。 3). mean sb. to do sth. mean sb. to do

2、 sth. 的意思是“打算讓某人做某事”，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。,4). mean 后接名詞、副詞或從句 mean 后接名詞或副詞，意為“表示；打算；存心”等意思；后接that 從句，意為“表示”。 5). be meant for 該短語的意思是“打算給予；打算作用”。,In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting,句意為：在倫敦的一些地方，錯過一班公共汽車意味著再等一個小時。,A,想一想,2、 take place

3、發(fā)生；舉行, The performance didnt take place after all. 演出終于沒有進(jìn)行。 Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place? 事故發(fā)生時，有人路過那里嗎？,與place相關(guān)短語：,Great changes _ in the rural areas in the last two decades. A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. are happening,A,take place 不能用于

4、被動語態(tài)中，句中短語 in the last two decades 可確定句子的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時。,大家注意了！,3. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere.,of all kinds 各種各樣的,【歸納】, That kind of question is very difficult to answer. = Questions of that kind are difficult to answer. 那類問題是很難解答的。, We sell all kinds of shoes. = We

5、sell shoes of all kinds. 我們賣各式各樣的鞋。 You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo. = You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo. 你在動物園可以看見不同種類的動物。,Practice, Books of this kind _ (sell) well in the bookstore. This kind of books _ (sell) well in the bookstore. 句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由“books”確定。句中的謂語動詞由“

6、kind”確定。,（用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）,sell,sells,hold back躊躇；阻止；抑制 hold on to抓住不放手；保住，守住 hold up使耽擱；使停頓；支撐 hold out堅持；頂住,4 . At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the clod winter months . 在那個時代，如果食物難以找到，特別是在寒冷的冬月，人們就會挨餓。,starve (v.) starvation (n.) :1) 挨餓；餓死 Millions of pe

7、ople starved to death during the war.戰(zhàn)爭中數(shù)百萬人挨餓至死。,(使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望獲得某事物；缺乏 The homeless children starved/were starved for love .這些無家可歸的孩子渴望得到愛。,3）感覺很餓。僅用于進(jìn)行時態(tài) When will dinner be ready ? Im starving.晚飯什么時候做好？我快餓死了。,to be 還是to be done? Line 2 (P1) if food was difficuilt to find . 在 主+系+表+to do 結(jié)構(gòu)中盡管

8、主語和后面的不定式之間是被動關(guān)系也要用主動形式表示被動。如 He is easy to persuade. 不能說He is easy to be persuade. 下面談?wù)勚鲃有问奖肀粍拥闹饕梅?1、動詞不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)或暗含在句中。 We have many difficuilies to over come . Give him some story books to read. With so many trees to plant, he got up at 5 oclock the next morning.,若句子的主語并非是不定式的邏輯主語時，不定式則必須用被動。

9、如 I shall go to New York. Have you anything to be taken to your wife there? I have no letter to be typed. Thank you all the same.,2、在sth./sb. +be+adj.+to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用不定式的主動形式表示被動。這類形容詞常出現(xiàn)的有 easy difficult hard heavy light safe dangerous important expensive cheap comfortable nice pleasant interesting (口訣

10、：輕重 安全 危險和易難，舒適快樂貴賤重要是把興趣建）,The river is dangerous to swim in. The box is too heavy to for the boy to carry. The room is comfortable to live in. The problem is difficult to work out.,當(dāng)上述形容詞在句中作賓語補足語后接不定式時也用主動表示被動。 I found him easy to get along with. They dont think the game interesting to play.,3、 在

11、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，用來修飾主語的不定式多用主動式 There is nothing to do now. =we have nothing to do now There is nothing to see. =nothing worth seeing,4、在”疑問詞what/which/whom+ 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中主動表示被動。 I dont know which to choose. He asked me what to do.,5、在 tooto結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式主動表示被動。 The book is too difficult to understand completely. T

12、he tree is too tall to climb.,6、不定式作定語，如果和修飾的詞是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又和該句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，用主動表示被動。 She has a sister to look after. Have you any questions to ask? Would like something to drink? 注意：to let to blame, to seek等不定式，多以主動式表被動意義 The flat is to let這公寓要出租 I am to blame for it.我應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。,Practice(translating) 1、T

13、he box is too heavy to carry. 2、We found english hard to learn. 3、He is a person to depend on. 4、-xcuse me , May I ask you some questions? -sorry,I am too busy and I haevnt even a minute to spare 5、It is necessary for us to learn English well.,5. harm (n.): 損害; 傷害 harm (v.): 損害或傷害某人/某事物,do harm to s

14、b = harm sb 傷害某人 = be harmful to sb. do more harm than good: 弊大于利 If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good.,Some festivals are held to honour the dead honour 紀(jì)念=in honour of 類似含有in 短語 in favour of ; in charge of ; in case of ,The dead ; the poor; the wounded ;the dying; 這一類

15、有the+形容詞，-ing，-ed 等表示一類人作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),6. should. 考點1 情態(tài)動詞should在句中表示“竟然” ， “應(yīng)該”。 I can hardly believe that he should have treated her like that. It is simply a miracle奇跡 that rice should grow in such a place.,考例1 Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily po

16、lluted. (2007全國卷I) A. will B. would C. should D. must 點撥 should在句中表示一種有較大可能實現(xiàn)的猜測, 推論, 意為“應(yīng)該”。,考例2 My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food. (浙江 2007) A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt 點撥 shouldnt have given表示本不該給而實際上卻給了。,考例3 I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perh

17、aps I _ have driven her there. (陜西 2007) A. could B. must C. might D. should 點撥 根據(jù)語境知道應(yīng)該用should have driven, 表示本來應(yīng)該開車把她送過去而實際上卻沒有送。,I can hardly believe that Li Yang , the founder of Crazy English _ have a voilent behavior to his wife. A . could B. should C. might D. would,B,考點2 in memory of/ to the

18、 memory of sb. 紀(jì)念某人 The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 這個雕像是為了紀(jì)念那位有名的科學(xué)家而建立的。,7. offer provide supply,She offered me a cup of tea. 她給我端了杯茶。 = She offered a cup of tea to me . provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. with sth./ supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to/for sb.,總結(jié)：offer sb. s

19、th. =offer sth. to sb. provide sb. with sth. =provide sth. for sb. supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to/for sb.,8. dress up dress作及物動詞時, 不接clothes之類的表示衣服的名詞, 而是接表示人的名詞或代詞, 意思是“給穿衣服”。當(dāng)表示自己穿衣服時, 則用反身代詞, 如：,Wake up children and dress them. 喚醒孩子,給他們穿上衣服。 dress的過去分詞常用來構(gòu)成get dressed與be dressed短語, 前者表示 動態(tài),

20、 后者表示靜態(tài), 穿何種衣服, 則用介詞in. 如：,Harry up and get dressed. 快點穿上衣服。 The girl was dressed in red. 這個女孩穿著一身紅衣服。 dress up是“穿上最好的衣服”, 常指 “打扮,化裝”，如: You should dress up when you take part in the party.,總結(jié)dress up 盛裝；打扮； dress sb./oneself 給穿衣服；打扮 be/get dressed in(衣服或表顏色的詞) 穿著 近義詞 wear , put on, haveon,She is _

21、in red today and looks very beautiful. A. wearing B. having on C. dressing D. dressed,D. dressed,9. 考點 can在句中表示一種可能性。 can 的主要用法有三種:,表示能力。 2)表示請求和許可。 3)表示可能性。多用于否定與疑問句中, 但也可用在肯定句中。can 用在肯定句中有時表示一時的情況 (“有時候會”)。,考例2 Theres no light on ， they _ be at home. (2006全國卷I) A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shoul

22、dnt 點撥 can用于對現(xiàn)在的推測, 常用于否定句或疑問句中。cant 表示“不可能” 。,10. award n. 獎品，獎項，獎金, 助學(xué)金 .Mary got an award and was able to finish her study. vt. 授予裁定 award sb sth= award sth to sb The judges awarded both teams equal points.,reward 回報,報酬,辨析: award 和reward： award后接雙賓語 award sb. a metal /award a metal to sb. 授予某人獎?wù)?

23、reward 獎賞, 給報酬, 不能接雙賓語; reward sb. for sth. 因 獎賞某人； reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬勞某人,用力想??！,She _herself with a cup of coffee after a whole mornings hard work. A reward B award C prize D proud,rewarded,11. admire admire v. 意為“贊賞;欽佩;羨慕;贊美;夸獎”,相關(guān)短語 (1)admire sb.for sth.因某事而欽佩某人 in admiration of對表示欽佩 with/i

24、n admiration欽佩地 express/have admiration for sb.(表示)欽佩某人,(2)拓展 admirable adj.可欽佩的；極佳的 admiring adj.羨慕的；贊美的 admiration n欽佩；羨慕,12. look forward to look forward to (doing) sth. 意為期待著(做)某事, 其中的to是介詞, 而不是動詞不定式符號。,類似的動詞短語還有：,習(xí)慣于 注意把致力于 著手做通向，導(dǎo)致 堅持 屬于,be/become/get used to,pay attention to,devote.to.,get do

25、wn to,lead to,stick to,belong to,反對 寧愿也不 把生命奉獻(xiàn)給為作貢獻(xiàn),object to,prefer.to.,give ones life to,contribute to,13. as though,as though和as if沒有什么區(qū)別。as if用得普遍些, 卻可引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句和表語從句, 其從句謂語常用虛擬語氣。,(1) 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她裝得好像什么事也沒發(fā)生過似的。 當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語一致,從句謂語中又含有動詞to be時, 可以把主語和to be一起省去

26、。,He looked about as though (he was) in search of something 他四處張望, 好像尋找什么。 (2) 引導(dǎo)表語從句 It looks as if its going to rain 看樣子天要下雨了。,as though和as if從句用虛擬語氣,還是用陳述語氣。完全根據(jù)具體情況而定。如果從句表示的意思與事實完全相反,或者純粹是一種假設(shè), 通常用虛擬語氣。 The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子說話的樣子好像她是個大人。,14. have fun with sb. have fun意為“過

27、得快樂”同義詞組為have a good time, enjoy oneself. 短語有have fun ( in ) doing sth.,Extensive reading,Revision for vocabulary,Guess the words according to their meanings: 1. _ appear 2._ keep her promise 3. _ a person who is not clever 4. _ no breathing for the time. 5. _ say sorry to sb 6. _ die in water becau

28、se of unable to breathe,fool,apologize,drown,turn up,keep her word,hold his breath,7. _ drink coffee in order to forget the sadness/sorrow 8. _ not difficult to understand or see,drown ones sadness/sorrow in coffee,obvious,9. _cry in a low voice or silently 10. _ two people who are seen together, es

29、pecially if they are married 11._ a person who makes news known 12._ pardon or show mercy to sb,announcer,forgive,weep,couple,How much do you knowabout “Niulang and Zhinv”?,牛郎白天放牛,牛郎織女喜結(jié)良緣,牛郎織女終于 在鵲橋上相會了,王母娘娘把他們分開,Well-known poem,Eternal love between us two, Shall withstand the time apart. （Eternal永

30、恒的 withstand抵抗）,兩情若是久長時,又豈在朝朝暮暮。,1. But she didnt turn up. 1) 來, 出席(某活動) Im very happy you turned up so early. 2) 把(收音機等)音量開大一些, 其反義短語是turn down.,Language points,相關(guān)短語: turn down 關(guān)小；調(diào)低；拒絕 turn out生產(chǎn)，制造；結(jié)果是；趕走 turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn)；交付；反復(fù)考慮 turn to 求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向 turn around/round(使企業(yè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)等)好轉(zhuǎn)，扭轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)身,turn against背叛；反抗 tur

31、n away 走開；解雇，轉(zhuǎn)臉 in turn,輪流， take turns to do輪流做某事 =do sth. by turns turn sb. off 使某人厭煩,I will not wait for him for a secondhe may have something else to do，so he could not_here. Acome up Bcome out Cturn out Dturn up 【解析】短語turn up表示“到場；露面”的意思。 【答案】D,11With no one to_in such a frightening situation，sh

32、e felt very helpless. Aturn to Bturn on Cturn off Dturn over 【解析】turn to轉(zhuǎn)向求助；turn on打開；turn off關(guān)閉；turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)，翻身。根據(jù)句意“在可怕的環(huán)境下她沒人可求助，她感到非常絕望”。 【答案】A,-you look upset.Whats the matter? -I had my proposal_again. A. turned over B. turned on C. turned off D. turned down 答案 D have sth.down 使某物遭受，此意多指不好的事情。

33、,The actress who had been thought of _to be a great disappointment. A. turned down B. turning in C. turned out D. turning up 答案 C,2. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. 點撥 此句中l(wèi)aughing at him是動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語, 強調(diào)與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生, 即, 她與朋友們呆在一起的同時, 也在嘲笑他。,又如： They stood there for an hour,

34、 watching the woman weaving the cloth. 他們在那兒站了一個小時, 看那位婦女織布。 Dont just stand there doing nothing. 不要站在那兒無所事事。,1) _ for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about the famous poet. A. Waited B. Being waiting C. Having waited D. Waiting 2) I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what would

35、 take place next. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved,即學(xué)即用,D,B,3) Mike is a student at a famous university, _ for a degree in agriculture. A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying,B,3. She said she would be there at seven oclock, and he thought she would keep her word. ke

36、ep ones word 意為“守信用”,其反義詞是break ones word, 即“失信”。 He is a man who always keeps his word.,Dont break your word, otherwise, no one will trust you. 注意：keep ones word和break ones word中的名詞word不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,相關(guān)短語：,in a word/in short/to be short 簡言之；總之,have a word with sb. 與某人談話 have words with sb. 與發(fā)生口角 in other

37、 words 換句話說 Word came that 有消息傳來說 Words failed him 無言以表,A gentleman should always _ his _. A. keeps; word B. keep; word C. keeps; words D. keep; words,B,apologize vi. apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. apology n. make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth. offer ones apology to sb.,4. obvious adj. 1) be

38、obvious+ to + 表示人的名詞或代詞(對而言很明顯) Her disappointment was obvious to her friend. 2) It + be + obvious +that-clause It was obvious that she was in danger.,明顯的， 清楚的,辨析： obvious/apparent/clear obvious 是三者中程度最強的，含有“一目了然” 之意。 It is obvious that you are wrong.,2) apparent 指具有某些明顯的跡象的，側(cè)重與經(jīng)歷推理才能看出結(jié)果。It was app

39、arent from his face that he was lying. 3) clear 作“明白的，清楚的”講。指不模糊含混易于觀察了解和識別 He seems clear about hisplans.,It 作為形式主語常用于下列句型 good possible It said that seems happened,While 作為連詞的考點如下 1、 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，“當(dāng)時，”主句謂語須用延續(xù)性動詞 2、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于though或although ,但while 多位于句首 3、引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as long as ,意思是“只要） 4、表示并列轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系意

40、為”然而，但是“多用于句中”,Tell the use of “while” in the following situations. 1. Never get on or off the bus while it is moving. 2. While you keep it clean, I can lend the book to you . 3. While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cant be solved. 4. Some people waste food while oth

41、ers havent enough,當(dāng)時,只要,只要,然而,辨析 while when as While表示同時進(jìn)行的兩個延續(xù)性動作作相伴發(fā)生，常對同類的兩個動作進(jìn)行對比。 When 引導(dǎo)的句中可以用延續(xù)性動詞也可以使用終止性動詞，主句和從句所述動作、事情可同時發(fā)生或先后發(fā)生。 As引導(dǎo)的句中可以用延續(xù)性動詞也可以使用終止性動詞，,和when 用法一樣，但是，as 引導(dǎo)的句子經(jīng)常是指兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況，翻譯成一邊一邊,1. _volleyball is her main focus,she is also great at basketball. A. Since B. One C. Unless D. While 答案 D 意思是 雖然，引導(dǎo)讓步從句 2. She made coffee_her guests were finishi