1、M1U1 Grammar and usage -Attributive Clause(1),Lead in,A: That man won the race. B: Which man? A: ,the Jamaica man. 2. the man from Jamaica. 3. the man who is from Jamaica.,Attributives,prepositional phrase,attributive clause,adjective,一個定語從句可以像形容詞，介詞短語一樣修飾一個名詞。但是，他往往放在被修飾的詞的后面。,A: That man won the r

2、ace. B: Which man? A:,The Jamaica man won the game. The man from Jamaica won the race. The man who is from Jamaica won the race.,一. 定語從句的基本定義,放在名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。,被修飾的詞叫先行詞。,關(guān)系詞的分類,關(guān)系代詞,2. 關(guān)系副詞,常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that, which, who, whom, whose，as,常用的關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why,二. 關(guān)系詞的分類,The girl

3、 that / who we saw yesterday is Mary.,先行詞,關(guān)系代詞,Hospital is a place where a doctor works.,先行詞,關(guān)系副詞,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw the girl yesterday.,Join the following sentences:(第一句話作為主句) The girl is Mary. We saw the girl yesterday.,Step 1. 確定主句，找相同成分,Join the following sent

4、ences(第一句話作為 主句) The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,the girl,The girl,Step 2. 把從句放到主句先行詞之后,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw the girl yesterday. The girl that / who we saw yesterday is Mary.,Step 3. 刪掉從句中的相同成分，并在從句前加上關(guān)系詞,the girl,Join the following

5、 sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.,先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly.,the machine,a machine,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is the machine can fly.,a machine,that

6、 /which,如何選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞呢？,在定語從句中，關(guān)系詞可以充當(dāng)從句中的： subject 主語 predicative 表語 object 賓語 attribute 定語 adverbial 狀語,關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞,四. 關(guān)系詞的基本用法,As subject 主語 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who is smiling is Tom. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is T

7、om. He sits in front of me. The man who sits in front of me is Tom.,As object 賓語 The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (who) everyone likes is kind. The woman got the job. We saw her in the street. The woman (whom) we saw in the street got the job.,As predicative 表語 Jack is no longer a lazy b

8、oy. He used to be a lazy boy. Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be. 注意：定語從句缺表語時，關(guān)系代詞只用that,As attribute定語,The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.,The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.,whose English =the students English,關(guān)系

9、詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格,The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.,The house whose window is broken is mine.,whose window =the houses window,As adverbial 狀語 The school is in Shenzhen. He studied in the school. The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.,在限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法：,who 指_，在從句中作 _(成分)。 (作？

10、語可省略),1） He is not the man who visited our school yesterday. The professor (who) you wish to see has come,人,主語，賓語,2) eg.Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?,whom指_，在從句中作_，可省略。,人,賓語,(1)Im not interested in the book which has just been published. (2)My mother found the gold ring (wh

11、ich) she had lost.,which 指_，在句中作 _作_時可以省略。,物,主語或賓語,賓語,1.The season that comes after spring is summer.,that指_， 在從句中做 _,作_時可以省略。,2. Do you know the man (that) I am talking to 3.She is no longer the girl that she used to be,人或物,主語或賓語或表語,賓語,The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in ou

12、r class. whose =the students 關(guān)系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格 The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses window whose指_。作_。表示所屬關(guān)系。,人或物,定語,關(guān)系代詞用法,人物,主賓/表,主賓,主賓,人,人,人物,物,*6. 先行詞是下列詞時，限制性定語從句必須用 that 引導(dǎo)。,1)先行詞是不定代詞或被其修飾（all, some, any, few, little, much, every, each, no, anything,nothing, everything

13、，something等） eg.All that can be done has been done.,Is there anything that I can do for you.,2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾。,eg.This is the cleanest park that you can imagine. The first thing that should be done is to get some food.,3)先行詞被the very, the only, the right, the last, just the等修飾,eg.This is the only

14、book that has been written in French. Those are the very words that he used. This is just the book that I am looking for.,4)當(dāng)先行詞由人和物兩部分組成時， eg.He talked about the things and persons that he had visited in the city.,5) 在 who 或 which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中，限制性定語從句必須用 that 引導(dǎo)。eg.Who is the man that is standing over

15、 there. Which is the car that was made in Beijing.,Practice,1. This is the best film _ Ive seen. 2. That is the last lesson _ I gave you. 3. This is the very book _ Im after. 4. That is just the coat _ color is red. 5. That is the right place _ he works. 6. I still remember the schools and boys _ I

16、met there. 7. Which is the bike _ you lost? 8. Any thing _ you have to say had better be sasd.,(that),(that),(that),whose,where,(that),(that),(that),6)先行詞在從句中作表語時，通常用 that 引導(dǎo)。（常可省略） eg,.She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the country.,7,當(dāng)主語以here, there開頭時,eg, Here is the place

17、that you ve been looking for.,8.先行詞被 such , the same 修飾時，通常用as引導(dǎo)定語從句,eg, This is not such a book as I want. This is the same book as I want.,Review what we have learnt today:,1.定語從句的基本定義 2.關(guān)系詞的分類 3. 先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系 4. 關(guān)系詞的基本表達(dá) 5. 限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法 6. 在什么情況下，限制性定語從句要由that引導(dǎo)？ 7.主語是here,there時用什么引導(dǎo)定語從句？ 8.先行詞

18、被 such , the same 修飾時，用什么引導(dǎo)定語從句,關(guān)系代詞的用法練習(xí),1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. 2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night. 3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot.

19、,The eggs I bought them were not fresh.,The friend he came to supper last night was not hungry.,He prefers the cheese it comes from his parents farm.,The noodles you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the people they smoke a lot.,(that/which),who/ that,that / which,( which/ that ),that / who,Pr

20、actice,The man _ stands there is Tom. The girl _ I met is Ms Li. The boy _ watch was lost is Tom. The book _ lies on the desk is his. The pen _ you bought is good. The magazine _ cover is red is nice.,who / that,(whom / that),whose,which/that,(which / that),whose,7. Everything _ you said is true. 8.

21、 Which is the book _ you want? 9. Who is the girl _ sits there. 10. All _ he said is true. 11. All _ is said by him is true. 12. Are there any problems _ trouble you? 13. I will make full use of the time _ is left for me.,(that),(that),that,(that),that,that,that,14. Such boys _ you mentioned are wel

22、l. 15. The boys _ _ you mentioned are well. 16. It is so difficult a problem _ no one can work out. 17. It is so difficult a problem_ no one can work it out. 18. She wore the same hat _ you wore yesterday.,that,such as,as,as,as,19. You have made the same mistake _ you made last time. 20. I had the same experience _ you have now. 21.She went to the same place _