1、了解企業(yè)的盈虧平衡點與流動資金Understanding Your Breakeven and Working Capital,企業(yè)名稱 Business Name,天馬行空官方博客： ；QQ:1318241189；QQ群：175569632,目標(biāo) Objectives,介紹Introductions 解釋我們的作用Explanation of our role 注意事項與會議秩序Housekeeping,目標(biāo) Objectives,掌握盈虧平衡點的概念及其計算方式To gain an understanding of breakeven points and calculations 學(xué)會計

2、算本企業(yè)的盈虧平衡點To be able to apply breakeven calculations to your business 掌握流動資金的概念To gain an understanding of the concept of working capital 學(xué)會對本企業(yè)的流動資金進(jìn)行簡單的計算To be able to apply simple working capital calculations to your business,盈虧平衡點的定義What Is Breakeven?,盈虧平衡點是指在某一銷售水平上，企業(yè)達(dá)到盈虧持平The Breakeven thresh

3、old is the level of sales at which the business makes neither a profit nor loss.,銷售盈虧平衡點Breakeven Sales,盈虧平衡是指在某一銷售水平上，企業(yè)既無利潤，也不虧損Breakeven is the level of sales at which the business makes neither a profit nor loss.,總成本 Total Costs,總銷售額 Total Revenue,銷售額 Sales Revenue,成本 Costs,盈虧平衡點銷售額 Breakeven Sa

4、les Revenue,盈虧平衡點總成本 Breakeven Total Costs,固定成本 Fixed Costs,定義 Definitions,在計算盈虧平衡點之前，必須了解以下財務(wù)項目的定義In order to calculate the breakeven you must first understand some financial definitions: 銷售成本 Cost of Sales (or Cost of Goods Sold); 毛利 Gross Profit; 毛利率 Gross Profit %; and 總營業(yè)費用 Total Overheads.,成本種

5、類 Types of Costs,成本共分為三類There are three types of costs 固定成本 Fixed costs; 變動成本 Variable costs; and 作業(yè)成本 Activity costs. 將貴公司的支出按固定、變動及作業(yè)等三種成本進(jìn)行歸類Classify your expenses into Fixed, Variable and Activity expenses.,損益表典型實例Example of a Classified P 變動及半變動成本 Variable and Semi Variable - Related Costs; 經(jīng)營費

6、用 Overheads; and 銷售額 Sales Volume.,2% 9% 7% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 4% 17% 14% 12% 10% 9% 8% 7% 7% 6% 23% 19% 17% 15% 13% 12% 11% 10% 8% 29% 24% 21% 19% 17% 15% 14% 13% 10% 33% 29% 25% 22% 20% 18% 17% 15% 12% 38% 32% 29% 26% 23% 21% 19% 18% 14% 41% 36% 32% 29% 26% 24% 22% 20% 16% 44% 39% 35% 31% 29% 26% 2

7、4% 23% 18% 47% 42% 38% 34% 31% 29% 26% 25% 20% 50% 44% 40% 36% 33% 31% 29% 27% 25% 56% 50% 45% 42% 38% 36% 33% 31% 30% 60% 55% 50% 46% 43% 40% 38% 35%,如果現(xiàn)在的利潤率是.If your present margin is . . . 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 為獲得相同的利潤, 你可以通過來增加銷售額 To produce the same profit, you could decrease your s

8、ales by 如果調(diào)漲價格幅度為: If you increase your price by,2% 11% 9% 7% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 25% 19% 15% 13% 11% 10% 9% 8% 6% 43% 43% 25% 21% 18% 15% 14% 12% 8% 67% 47% 36% 30% 25% 22% 19% 17% 10% 100% 67% 50% 40% 33% 29% 25% 22% 12% 150% 92% 67% 52% 43% 36% 32% 28% 14% 233% 127% 88% 67% 54% 45% 39% 34% 16% 400%

9、 178% 114% 84% 67% 55% 47% 41% 18% 900% 257% 150% 106% 82% 67% 56% 49% 20%* 400% 200% 133% 100% 80% 67% 57% 25%* 500% 250% 167% 125% 100% 83% 30%* 600% 300% 200% 150% 120%,如果現(xiàn)在的利潤率是.If your present margin is . . . 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 為獲得相同的利潤, 你可以通過來增加銷售額 To produce the same profit, you

10、could decrease your sales by 如果調(diào)漲價格幅度為: If you increase your price by,利潤提升戰(zhàn)略Profit Improvement Strategy,通過提高價格或銷量來增加銷售額Increase sales revenue by increasing price and/or volume 將變動成本的增長控制在銷售額增長的百分比以內(nèi)，不得超過Keep variable costs at least equal to or below the rate of increase in sales revenue 在總經(jīng)營費用的范圍內(nèi)，盡

11、量提高生產(chǎn)力Achieve greater productivity from the resources financed by overheads 確保對資產(chǎn)的嚴(yán)格控制Ensure that tight control is exercised over assets,流動資金的定義What Is Working Capital?,流動資金就是流動資產(chǎn)減去流動負(fù)債Working capital is the sum of current assets minus current liabilities 重要的定義包括Important definitions: 庫存 Inventory;

12、在制品 Work in progress (WIP); 債務(wù) Debtors; and 債權(quán) Creditors.,流動資金的重要性Why Is Working Capital Important?,沒有足夠的流動資金，企業(yè)將無法運營Your business will FAIL without sufficient working capital 澳大利亞小型企業(yè)統(tǒng)計分析Small Business Statistics in Australia 按2001年6月統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，小企業(yè)總數(shù)為1,162,000 1,162,000 small businesses operating in Aust

13、ralia at June 2001 35%的企業(yè)經(jīng)營年限為1-5年35% had been in operation for 1 5 years 19%的企業(yè)經(jīng)營年限為5-10年19% had been in operation for 5 10 years Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics,企業(yè)的發(fā)展需要資金的支持As a Business Grows So Will Its Need For Cash!,增加庫存以適應(yīng)不斷增加的銷售的需要Increased inventory levels to cope with increased sal

14、es demand; 支付新增的營運成本，如工資等Pay for increased operating costs such as wages etc; and 支持不斷增加的應(yīng)付款項，及其它流動資金需求Support higher levels of debtors and other working capital requirements,實例 An Example,實例 An Example,流動資金計算Calculating Working Capital,流動資金 流動資產(chǎn) 應(yīng)收帳款 $125,000 庫存 $160,000 總流動資產(chǎn) $285,000 流動負(fù)債 應(yīng)付帳款 $

15、75,000 所需的流動資金 $210,000,流動資金計算Calculating Working Capital,Working Capital Current Assets Accounts receivable $125,000 Inventory $160,000 Total Current Assets $285,000 Current Liabilities Accounts payable $ 75,000 Working Capital Required $210,000,流動資金管理原理The Principles of Working Capital Management,

16、提高毛利率Increase Gross Profit % 將庫存周轉(zhuǎn)期最大化Maximise Inventory Turnover 將應(yīng)收款項周轉(zhuǎn)期最大化Maximise Receivables Turnover 將應(yīng)付款項周轉(zhuǎn)期最小化Minimise Payables Turnover,現(xiàn)金循環(huán) The Cash Cycle,流動資金中，用在應(yīng)收款項與庫存上的金額占總流動資金的百分比是多少？How much of your working capital is tied up in Debtors and Stock as a percentage of annual turnover? 在與供貨商達(dá)成付款協(xié)議時，是否可以盡量地延長付款期？Could you achieve longer t