1、MLA 2009Formatting and Style Guide,Overview,This presentation will cover: 2009 updates to MLA General MLA guidelines First page format Section headings In-text citations Formatting quotations Works Cited page,What is MLA?,MLA (Modern Language Association) style formatting is often used in various Hu

2、manities disciplines,What does MLA regulate?,MLA regulates: Document Format In-text citations Works Cited (a list of all sources used in the paper),MLA Update 2009,2009 changes in MLA: No more Underlining (only use italics) Publication Medium (e.g. Print, Web, etc.) New Abbreviations (e.g. “N.p.” fo

3、r “no publisher given”),Your Instructor Knows Best,#1 Rule for any formatting style:,Always Follow your instructors guidelines,Format: General Guidelines,Type on white 8.5” x 11” paper Double-space everything Use 12 pt. Times New Roman font (or similar font) Leave only one space after punctuation Se

4、t all margins to 1 inch on all sides Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch,Format: General Guidelines (continued),Header with page numbers in the upper right corner Use italics for titles Endnotes go on a separate page before your Works Cited page,Formatting the 1st Page,No title page Do

5、uble space everything In the upper left corner of the 1st page, list your name, your instructors name, the course, and date Center the paper title (use standard caps but no underlining, italics, quote, or bold) Create a header in the upper right corner at half inch from the top and one inch from the

6、 right of the page (include your last name and page number),Sample 1st Page,Formatting Section Headings,Headings are generally optional Headings in essays should be numbered Headings should be consistent in grammar and formatting but are otherwise up to you,Sample Section Headings,Numbered (all flus

7、h left with no underlining, bold, or italics): 1. Soil Conservation 1.1 Erosion 1.2 Terracing 2. Water Conservation 3. Energy Conservation,Unnumbered (by level): Level 1 Heading: bold, flush left Level 2 Heading: italics, flush left Level 3 Heading: centered, bold Level 4 Heading: centered, italics

8、Level 5 Heading: underlined, flush left,In-Text Citations: the Basics,MLA uses parenthetical citations Parenthetical citations depend on the medium (e.g. Print, Web, DVD) Parenthetical citations also depend on the sources entry on the Works Cited page Signal word in the text is the first thing in th

9、e corresponding entry on the Works Cited page,Author-Page Style,In-text Example: Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth exte

10、nsively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263). Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford U.P., 1967. Print.,Print Source with Author,In-text Example: Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as symbol-using animals (3). Human

11、beings have been described as symbol-using animals (Burke 3).,Print Source with Author,Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, 1966. Print.,With Unknown Author,In-text Example: We see so many g

12、lobal warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . .” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).,With Unknown Author,Corresponding Works Cited Entry: “The Impact of Global Wa

13、rming in North America.” GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009.,Other In-Text Citations 1,Classic ch. 1). Authors with Same Last Names In-text Example: Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for

14、 medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).,Other In-Text Citations 2,Work by Multiple Authors In-text Examples: Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76). The authors state Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second A

15、mendment rights (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76). Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moores argument by noting the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4).,Other In-Text Citations 3,Multiple Works by the Same Author In-text Examples: Lightenor has argued that

16、 computers are not useful tools for small children (Too Soon 38), though he has acknowledged elsewhere that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill development in a childs second and third year (Hand-Eye Development 17). Visual studies, because it is such a new discipl

17、ine, may be too easy (Elkins, Visual Studies 63).,Other In-Text Citations 4,Citing Multivolume Works In-text Example: . . . as Quintilian wrote in Institutio Oratoria (1: 14-17). Citing the Bible In-text Example: Ezekiel saw what seemed to be four living creatures, each with faces of a man, a lion,

18、an ox, and an eagle (New Jerusalem Bible, Ezek. 1.5-10).,Other In-Text Citations 5,Citing Indirect Sources In-text Example: Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as social service centers, and they dont do that well (qtd. in Weisman 259). Multiple Citations In-text Example: . . . as

19、has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).,Other In-Text Citations 6,Miscellaneous Non-Print Sources In-text Example: Werner Herzogs Fitzcarraldo stars Herzogs long-time film partner, Klaus Kinski. During the shooting of Fitzcarraldo, Herzog and Kinski were often at odds, but their explosive

20、relationship fostered a memorable and influential film. Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Herzog, Werner, dir. Fitzcarraldo. Perf. Klaus Kinski. Filmverlag der Autoren, 1982. Film.,Other In-Text Citations 7,Sources from the Internet In-text Example: One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo is

21、.a beautiful and terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism (Garcia, “Herzog: a Life”). Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Garcia, Elizabeth. Herzog: a Life. Online Film Critics Corner. The Film School of New Hampshire, 2 May 2002. Web. 8 Jan. 2009.,Formatting Short Quotations,In-text Examples:

22、According to some, dreams express profound aspects of personality (Foulkes 184), though others disagree. According to Foulkess study, dreams may express profound aspects of personality (184). Is it possible that dreams may express profound aspects of personality (Foulkes 184)? Cullen concludes, Of a

23、ll the things that happened there / Thats all I remember (11-12).,Formatting Long Quotations,In-text Example: Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put

24、 it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaws door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my co

25、wardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78),Adding/Omitting Words,In-text Example for Adding Words: Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: some individuals who retell urban legends make a point of learning every rumor or tale (78). In-text example for Omitting W

26、ords: In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs (78).,Works Cited Page: The Basics,Sample Works Cited page:,Works Cited Page: Books,Basic Format: Last

27、name, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Examples: Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987. Print. Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print

28、. Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St. Martins, 1997. Print. -. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1993. Print.,Works Cited Page: Periodicals,Article in a Magazine Format: Author(s). Title of Article. Title of Periodical Day Month

29、Year: pages. Medium of publication. Example: Buchman, Dana. A Special Education. Good Housekeeping Mar. 2006: 143-8. Print. Article in Scholarly Journal Format: Author(s). Title of Article. Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): pages. Medium of publication. Example: Duvall, John N. The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillos White Noise. Arizona Quarterly 50.3 (1994): 127- 53. Print.,Works Cited Page: Web,Web Source Format: Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Article Name.” Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affil