1、Chapter 3. Name of Commodity,Quality, Quantity and Packing Terms,引 例 我國內(nèi)某單位向英國出口大豆一批，合同規(guī)定水分最高為14%，雜質(zhì)不超過2.5%，在成交前我方曾向買方寄送過樣品，訂約后我方又電告買方成交貨物與樣品一致，當(dāng)貨物到達(dá)英國后，買方提出貨物與樣品不符，并出示相應(yīng)的檢驗(yàn)證書，證明貨物的質(zhì)量比樣品低7%，并以此要求我方賠償15000英鎊的損失，仲裁時，因我方的樣品已遺失導(dǎo)致仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)難以仲裁，最后不得不賠償。請問：在此情況下，我方是否可以以該項(xiàng)交易并非憑樣品買賣為由而不予賠償？,1. Name of Commodity S

2、hould be specific and definite Stipulate the commodity practically and realistically Use the international commonly used name of the comodity Use proper name,2. Quality of Commodity 2.1 Importance of Quality 商品品質(zhì)必須符合合同約定違約后果：買方可要求換貨、要求賣方進(jìn)行修理、減價、解除合同并要求損害賠償?shù)取?賣方銷售的貨物必須遵循有關(guān)國家行政當(dāng)局的規(guī)定違約后果：被禁止進(jìn)口；被進(jìn)口國海關(guān)沒收

3、、強(qiáng)制銷毀等。 商品品質(zhì)必須符合使用安全的要求違約后果：產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法。產(chǎn)品責(zé)任之訴不限于存在合同關(guān)系。,By sellers sample （賣方樣品） By buyers sample （買方樣品） By counter sample （對等樣品）,(2)Sale by sample,2.2 Methods for Stipulating the Quality of Commodity 2.2.1 By actual object（以實(shí)物表示品質(zhì)） (1) Sales by inspection（看貨買賣）,Pay attention to the following questions w

4、hen using sale by sample Selecting the typical sample （取樣應(yīng)有代表性） Preserve the duplicate sample （成交樣品應(yīng)留有復(fù)樣） Stipulate the clause of “quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample”（規(guī)定所交貨物與樣品大體一致） such as “for reference Only” Take care of the production technique conditions Prevent to be i

5、nvolved in the legal dispute（避免卷入法律糾紛） （it is the buyer rather than the seller who shall be responsible for any disputes arising from the infringement of the third partys intellectual properties.）,2.2.2 Sales by Specification（憑規(guī)格） 例如：東北大豆 含油量（oil content） 最低（Min.）18% 水分（moisture） 最高（Max.）15% 雜質(zhì)（Admi

6、xture） 最高（Max.）1% 不完善顆粒（Imperfect Grains） 最高（Max.）9% F.A.Q. fair average quality G.M.Q. Good merchantable quality Describing quality by specification is sample as well as accurate. 2.2.3 Sales by Brand or Trade Mark（憑牌號或商標(biāo)） Coca Cola; Sony Television Sony DVD 2.2.4 Sales by Grade or Standard（憑等級或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）

7、 Some products can be divided into different grades based on different specifications.,e.g. Fresh Hen Eggs, shell light grown and clean, even in size: Grade A: 5560gm per egg Grade B: 50 55gm per egg When sale is made by standard, it is important to mark the publication year of the standard. 2.2.5 S

8、ales by Description（憑說明書） Suitable for goods which are complicated in structure such as machinery, instrument, equipment and transportation etc. 2.2.6 Sales As Per Origin（憑產(chǎn)地）,2.3 Stipulation of quality clause Stipulate the clause of quality tolerance or flexible range of quality Use the correct man

9、ner to express the quality Quality terms should be scientific and reasonable 品質(zhì)指標(biāo)防止偏高或偏低；合理選定影響品質(zhì)的主要指標(biāo)（以花 生為例）；注意各指標(biāo)之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系等。 Quality terms should be specific and clear,3. Clause of Quantity of Commodity 3.1 Measure Unit Weight Number Length Area Volume Capacity 3.2 Calculation Methods of Weight Gro

10、ss Weight（毛重） Net Weight（凈重） Real Tare（實(shí)際皮重） Average Tare（平均皮重） Customary Tare（習(xí)慣皮重）suitable for standardized package Computed Tare（約定皮重） According to international rules and practices, weight is calculated by net weight unless otherwise stated in the contract.,Conditioned Weight: equals to dry weig

11、ht plus standard moisture content （公量干量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)含水量） Suitable for wool, cotton, raw silk etc. Theoretical Weight（理論重量） equals to the total number multiply the weight of each unit,3.3 stipulation of the quantity clause Determine the bargain quantity correctly （Combine the word market trend, supply of goods

12、and clients credit etc） Quantity clause should be specific and clear Use more or less clause 3.4 liabilities when disobey the quantity clause British laws American laws United nations convention on contracts for the international sale of goods(Vienna, 1980)/CISG If the seller delivers a quantity of

13、goods greater than that provided for in the contract, the buyer may take delivery or refuse to take delivery of the excess quantity,4. Packing of Commodity,4.1 Importance of Packing 4.2 Shipping Package 4.2.1 Type of Shipping Package Case（箱包裝）: wooden Case, Carton, crate（板條箱） Bundle, Bale（捆包） Bag（袋包

14、裝）: Gunny Bag, Cloth Bag, Plastic Bag, Paper Bag Drum,cask（桶包裝）:wooden Cask,iron Drum,plastic Cask Gathered shipping package（集合運(yùn)輸包裝）:pallet（托盤）, flexible container（集裝袋），container（集裝箱）,4.2.2 Requirements to the transport packing Adapt to the characteristics of the goods Adapt to varies mode of transp

15、ortation Consider laws and requirements of different countries Make it convenient to be operated in every links Save unnecessary packing expenses 4.2.3 運(yùn)輸包裝標(biāo)志 （1）嘜頭(shipping mark) Functions: shipping mark facilitates the identification and count of the goods in the process of loading and unloading ,

16、shipping and storing.they can also prevent the goods from being wrongly delivered of shipped.,舉例： （注：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志） CHINA NATIONAL MINERALS I IMPORT&EXPORT CORPORATION.收貨人名稱 KS 789342.訂單號 NEWYORK.目的地 1/25.件數(shù)代號,Formation： English abbreviation letter or shortened form of the consignee or the buyer； Referenc

17、e number such as the number of order； Place of destination； Nos(=numbers) （聯(lián)合國歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會簡化國際貿(mào)易程序工作組推薦）,（2）指示性標(biāo)志 Indicative marks 據(jù)國家技術(shù)監(jiān)督局發(fā)布的 包裝儲運(yùn)圖示標(biāo)志,(3)警告性標(biāo)志（warning marks)據(jù)國家技術(shù)監(jiān)督局發(fā)布的危險貨物包裝標(biāo)志,4.3 Neutral Packing （中性包裝） Neutral packing with designated brand Neutral packing without designated brand 4.4

18、Terms of Packing Packing material and manner of packing Packing mark Packing charges e.g. (1) In cartons or crates of about 12kg net, each fruit wrapped with paper. （紙箱或空格木箱裝，每相凈重約12公斤每顆包紙） (2) In cartons, each containing 4 boxes about 9 lbs., each fruit waxed and wrapped with paper （紙箱裝，每箱4盒，每盒約9磅，每顆涂蠟，包紙）,思 考 題,一、判斷題 1、如果同時采用既憑樣品，又憑規(guī)格成交，則要求交貨品質(zhì)只要和其中的任何一種一致即可（ ） 2、運(yùn)輸包裝上的標(biāo)志都應(yīng)該在貨運(yùn)單據(jù)上表示出來。 ( ) 3、買方在向國外客戶寄送代表性樣品時，應(yīng)留有一份或數(shù)份同樣的樣品，以備日后交貨或處理爭議時核對之用，這樣的樣品稱復(fù)樣（ ） 4、根據(jù)品質(zhì)公差條款，賣方所交貨物品質(zhì)，只要在品質(zhì)公差范圍內(nèi)，買方不得拒收，也不得要求降低價格（ ） 5、在國際貨物買賣合