1、Section Grammar & Writing,定語(yǔ)從句() 一、概念 A plane is a machine that can fly.,1定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩類。本單元主要講述關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 2先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞，叫做先行詞。,3關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和關(guān)系副詞(when，where，why等)兩類。關(guān)系詞通常有三個(gè)作用：(1)連接主從句；(2)指代先行詞；(3)在定語(yǔ)從句

2、中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。,例如：A plane is a machine that can fly. 上面例句中的that can fly即為定語(yǔ)從句，其前面的名詞machine是被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞，叫做先行詞，that是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞。,二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法,三、只用that不用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況,四、只用which不用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況,定語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng) 1關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 He is the only one of the students who knows French.(the only one為先

3、行詞) He is one of the students who know French.(students為先行詞),2關(guān)系代詞的省略：在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)(這時(shí)介詞不能在關(guān)系代詞前)時(shí)常可省略。 The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Li Ming.,3the same.as與the same.that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：前者修飾的是與原物相似的東西；而后者修飾的就是先行詞所指的東西。 This is the same watch as I lost. 這和我丟的那只手表一樣。(不是同一只) This i

4、s the same watch that I lost. 這就是我丟失的那只手表。(同一只),4such后可接as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，也可接that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。,I hope to get such a pen as he is using.我希望得到一支像他在使用的一樣的鋼筆。(定語(yǔ)從句) I hope to get such a pen that I can do my homework with it without using others我希望得到一支鋼筆，這樣我就能用它做作業(yè)而不用借別人的。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句),.用that，who，whom，which，whose完成下列句子

5、1This is the person_you should thank for helping your son. 答案：who/that/whom 2The man_is standing there is a famous writer. 答案： who/that,3The pen_he bought yesterday is the same as mine. 答案： that/which 4The house_is at the corner of the street is painted red. 答案： that/which,5The boy_name is Tom comes

6、 from America. 答案： whose 6It is said that the chair_leg is broken is worth a lot of money. 答案： whose,7This is the best film_has been shown so far in the city. 答案： that 8I have many friends to_I am going to send postcards. 答案： whom,9We should do everything_we should do. 答案： that 10The beautiful girl_

7、we often talk about is Li Pings sister. 答案： that/who/whom,11Who_you have ever known can sing it better? 答案： that 12I still remember the people and the things_I met in my hometown. 答案： that,13The only thing_I can remember is the big fire. 答案： that 14I dont know the boy_is sitting behind you. 答案： who/

8、that 15He asked about the factories and workers_we had just visited. 答案： that,.單項(xiàng)填空 1Tom is good at maths，so I think he is the student_can help you to work out this problem. AwhomBwho Cwhich Dwhat,解析：先行詞the student指人，定語(yǔ)從句中缺主語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 答案： B,2Im not sure whether this is the book_my brother read

9、 the year before last. Awhose Bas Cwhat Dwhich,解析：先行詞the book指物，定語(yǔ)從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)填which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，僅用于the same.as.，such.as.等句型中。 答案： D,3Im sorry that I dont know much about American films，because this is the first American film_I have ever seen. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Das,解析：先行詞American film前面有序數(shù)

10、詞the first修飾，因此只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 答案： B,4Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons_they were fond of_influenced their whole lives. Awhich；that Bthat；which Cwhich；which Dthat；that,解析：第一空考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。因先行詞中既含有人又含有物，所以用that。第二空用that構(gòu)成It was.that.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 答案： D,5Which of the tw

11、o cows_you keep produce more milk? Athat Bwhich Cwhom Dwhat 解析：主語(yǔ)是以which開(kāi)頭的特定疑問(wèn)句，所以要用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 答案： A,6The most important thing_we should pay attention to is the first thing_I have said. Awhich；that Bthat；which Cwhich；which Dthat；that 解析：當(dāng)先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。 答案： D,7Mount Wuyi is such an

12、 attractive place of interest_everyone likes to visit. Athat Bas Cwhich Dwhat,解析：“such名詞”后接從句時(shí)，若引導(dǎo)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分，則用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。該句中引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作visit的賓語(yǔ)，故用as。若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分，則用that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 答案： B,8This is the boy without_help I couldnt have passed that difficult exam. Awho Bwhom Cwhose Dthat,解析：先行詞the boy指人，定

13、語(yǔ)從句缺少定語(yǔ)，因此該空應(yīng)填whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 答案： C,9The boy_is cleaning the blackboard now is Toms best friend. Athat Bwhom Cwhose Dhe 解析：先行詞是“人”，關(guān)系代詞用who/that。 答案： A,10The man makes full use of the time_he can spare. Awith which Bwhen Cit Dthat 解析：先行詞是“物”，并且作spare的賓語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系代詞用which/that。 答案： D,11Look out！Dont get too

14、close to the house_roof is under repair. Awhose Bwhich Cof which Dthat,解析：此題考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：“小心！不要靠近這所房子，房頂正在修理”。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，“_roof is under repair”是定語(yǔ)從句修飾house。從意義上看，空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示“這所房子的”的關(guān)系代詞，所以要用whose。 答案： A,12He told us the stories and the writers _interested him. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwho,解析：在修飾兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行

15、詞時(shí)用that。在此句中that修飾stories和writers，它既可修飾人也可修飾物，又在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 答案： A,13Anything_could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dhow 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)先行詞為anything等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which。 答案： B,14Those_want to see the film please write down your names here. Athem Bwhat Cwhose Dwho 解

16、析：當(dāng)代詞those用做先行詞且指人，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常使用who。 答案：D,15This is the factory_we visited the other day. Awhere Bin which Cthere D/ 解析：先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)可以省略，本題省略了that/which。 答案： D,描寫：報(bào)紙文章 一、題目要求 請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給提示，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文，介紹當(dāng)今中國(guó)教育的基本情況。 要點(diǎn)：1.九年義務(wù)教育，六歲入學(xué)； 2初中畢業(yè)后，可入高中或職業(yè)學(xué)校； 3在高校，部分費(fèi)用由家庭承擔(dān)； 4中國(guó)教育盡管成績(jī)巨大，但仍需要改革。 注意：1.詞數(shù)：100左右； 2內(nèi)容要適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，注意行文連貫。,二、關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),三、連詞成句 1.當(dāng)今中國(guó)的教育發(fā)展迅速。 Education in China today has been developing rapidly