1、英譯漢基本技巧 第5章,定語(yǔ)從句的譯法,定語(yǔ)從句的譯法,5.1 譯成前置定語(yǔ) 5.2 譯成后置的并列成分 5.3 溶合譯法 5.4 譯成狀語(yǔ),5.1 譯成前置定語(yǔ),條件：本身較短，與被修飾語(yǔ)關(guān)系緊密 To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. 誠(chéng)然，一個(gè)宏偉的重建計(jì)劃也許能為許多需要工作的人提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。 There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fat

2、iguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits. 在科學(xué)上沒(méi)有平坦的大道，只有不畏勞苦，沿著陡峭的山路攀登的人，才有希望達(dá)到光輝的頂點(diǎn)。,When I went to China, I went to teach; but every day that I stayed I thought less of what I had to teach them and more of what I had to learn from them. Among Europeans who had

3、a long time in China, I found this attitude not uncommon; but among those whose stay is short, or who go only to make money, it is sadly rare. 我到中國(guó)是去教書的?？墒?，同我每天教給他們的東西相比，我把向他們學(xué)習(xí)東西看得更為重要。我發(fā)現(xiàn)，大凡久居中國(guó)的歐洲人都持這種態(tài)度。然而，可悲的是，那些在中國(guó)暫住或是只想到中國(guó)賺錢的人持這種態(tài)度者卻極少。,In recent years, however, people have begun to become aw

4、are that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. 可是，近幾年來(lái)人們開(kāi)始意識(shí)到城市也是問(wèn)題成堆的地方。 The moon is a world that is completely still and where utter silence prevails. 月亮是一個(gè)聲斷音絕的世界，是一個(gè)萬(wàn)籟俱寂的世界。,However, I think that any thoughtful scholar who takes the trouble to go through the source no

5、tes at the end of this volume will find that the essential facts of the story which I have told from written diaries, memoranda and memories. 然而，我想任何一位認(rèn)真閱讀書后面材料來(lái)源注釋的細(xì)心學(xué)者都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，我所講述的史話的基本事實(shí)來(lái)源于書面日記、備忘錄和回憶錄。,有時(shí)較長(zhǎng)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句也可,This practice book is intended for foreign engineers or students of engineering wh

6、o have already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their subjects. 這本練習(xí)課本是給那些已經(jīng)掌握了英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)而現(xiàn)在要利用學(xué)到的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)來(lái)閱讀專業(yè)書籍的外國(guó)工程師或?qū)W習(xí)工程學(xué)的學(xué)生用的。,To write a genuine familiar or true English style is to write as any one who would speak in common con

7、versation, who had a thorough command and choice of words, or who could discourse with ease, force and perspicuity. 用真正的普通文體即純正的英語(yǔ)文體寫作就像那些熟諳詞匯而又善于選擇詞匯，能高談闊論且言辭流暢，說(shuō)話有力而明確的人的日常交談一般。,有些起附加說(shuō)明的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he didnt like his brother, who was aloof and arroga

8、nt. 他喜歡熱情活潑的妹妹，而不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。,練習(xí),1. The question, which worries everyone today, is: how long will these fuels last? 2. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive. 3. There will be no heroics in a war where the safest place will be the front link, and the most dangerous the house of our

9、 civilian population. 4. Scientists believe that there must be hundreds of heavenly bodies in the universe where human beings or something like human beings may exist.,5.2 譯成后置的并列成分,A.一些結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，或意思上有較強(qiáng)獨(dú)立性的限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這種譯法，往往要采取重復(fù)指示詞“這”、“這些”等。 But world attention also is focusing on another step, which will

10、 make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit. 同時(shí)人們也正把注意力集中到另一項(xiàng)措施上，這項(xiàng)措施將使吸煙者越來(lái)越意識(shí)到自己的不良習(xí)慣并為之感到不安。,In 1883 an American physician, A. King, listed twenty observations, which pointed to mosquitoes as a factor in malaria. 1883年，美國(guó)醫(yī)生A.金列舉了二十個(gè)觀察報(bào)告，這些報(bào)告表明蚊子是引起瘧疾的一個(gè)因素。 This

11、volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task. 這本書旨在為寫作提供范例，可以說(shuō)寫作是一個(gè)難題。,I was endeavoring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life, which was not better than the life I had known. 我一直在竭力擺脫一種生活，改換另一種生活，但是我所改換的生活并不見(jiàn)得比我原先的生活好。,

12、有些定語(yǔ)從句可將先行詞譯成“他”“他們”等人稱代詞。 Honeycutt was 40, an affable man who had to leave his family in Ralegh, North Carolina, when hed gone north to work. 亨尼卡行年40，和藹可親，他去北方工作時(shí)不得不把家室留在北卡羅萊納州羅利市。 Above the English lettering the words are repeated in the Chinese calligraphy of premier Zhou, who wrote the brief te

13、xt. 在這些英文字的上方，是周總理親筆書寫的同樣內(nèi)容的漢字，他擬定了這樣簡(jiǎn)短的銘文。,B.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般起解釋補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，一般譯為后置的并列分句。 These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in America. 這些書是我在美國(guó)買的，他們?cè)谖业牟貢兄徽家恍〔糠帧?He gave in his resignation, which was the best thing he could do in the circumstance. 他提出了辭職，這在當(dāng)時(shí)的情況下是最好的辦法。,In

14、 other words, they conduct more readily in high temperatures, which is probably because their decreased viscosity affords less opposition to the transport of ions through them. 換句話說(shuō)，在高溫時(shí)它們更容易導(dǎo)電，這可能是因?yàn)槠湔承詼p少,離子通過(guò)它們時(shí)阻力較小的緣故。 A friend is someone who draws out your best qualities, with whom you sparkle a

15、nd become more knowledgeable. 朋友就是能使你表現(xiàn)出最佳品質(zhì)的人，與他在一起你就會(huì)精神煥發(fā)，更有見(jiàn)識(shí)。,嵌套定語(yǔ)從句,They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief. 他們對(duì)那些酬勞看來(lái)是很得意的，那些酬勞是他們歷盡千辛萬(wàn)苦，通過(guò)取得令人難以置信的勝利的來(lái)的。,He was too important and too busy to occu

16、py himself with the matter personally, but he had a confidential secretary who was very clever at dealing with electors (who had not made up their minds how to vote) and who certainly knew how to put before a young woman (who was honest but poor) the advantages that might ensure if she were lucky en

17、ough to secure the friendship of such a man as his employer.,他身居要職事務(wù)繁忙，不能親自處理這件事。但是，他有一名私人秘書，此人非常善于對(duì)付那些尚未拿定主意選誰(shuí)的選民，當(dāng)然懂得如何向一個(gè)純真但貧窮的少女炫耀，告訴她如果有幸得到他的雇主這樣一位人物的友誼她將會(huì)得到諸多好處。,練習(xí),1. Shakespeare was a great English dramatist and poet whose name was known all over the world. 2. Small wonder then that more sci

18、entists are visiting the region to acquire new knowledge which will help us to have a better understanding of the earth as a whole. 3. By a quirk of fate, Humbolt and Bonpland met Mariano Luis de Urquijo, prime minister of Spain, who was able to obtain for them the permission to visit the Spain Empi

19、re in South America.,4. Forty-two had died on the crossing, which was about average for slaves making the trans-Atlantic trip in those days. 5. Marx was a loving, gentle and considerate father. He used to spend hours playing with his children. They remember to this day the sea fights in a large basi

20、n of water with fleets of paper boats, which he made for them and which he would then set on fire to their great joy.,5.3 溶合譯法,把主語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)合起來(lái)譯，溶合成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立句子。 You are the only person who could do it. 只有你才能做這件事。 This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss. 這是我生平第一次和老板發(fā)生嚴(yán)重糾葛。 Our team, which are

21、 in good form, will do well in the coming matches. 我隊(duì)競(jìng)技狀態(tài)良好，將在未來(lái)的比賽中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)。,Young people who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. 年輕人擔(dān)心在戰(zhàn)斗中死去是有道理的，想到生活要賦予的最美好的東西竟成為泡影，自

22、然要難過(guò)的。,UNESCO， which places action in favor of young people at the heart of its programmers, notably those concerned with education and training, is making its contribution to the achievement of this goal. 聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織把有利于青年的活動(dòng)，特別是那些與青年教育和培訓(xùn)有關(guān)的活動(dòng)，作為其各項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的核心內(nèi)容，從而為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)做出貢獻(xiàn)。,Ours is a profession which tr

23、aditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering truth for truths sake, and that is “as far as possible do no harm”. 我們這個(gè)職業(yè)在傳統(tǒng)上恪守一條信條，那就是：“盡可能不造成傷害”，這一信條勝過(guò)為講真話而講真話的美德。,There be句型漢譯時(shí)常采用溶合譯法 There was no one who did not praise them for their great accomplishments. 沒(méi)有人不稱贊

24、他們?nèi)〉玫木薮蟪删汀?There is nothing that does not contain contradiction. 沒(méi)有什么事物是不包含矛盾的。 There was little that the doctor could do for the patient. 醫(yī)生對(duì)這個(gè)病人已經(jīng)無(wú)能為力了。,練習(xí),1 Teheran Conference was the first opportunity which I had of observing him at close hand. 2 There is something that keeps worrying me. 3 In t

25、ime, men saw that there were seasons, which followed one another in regular order. 4 This is the paper mill they set up in 1970.,5.4 譯成狀語(yǔ),A.表示原因 We engage professor Wu, who understands English. 我們聘請(qǐng)吳教授，因?yàn)樗⒄Z(yǔ)。 Many of our Welsh people are going to settle in North Carolina, where land is cheap. 我們威爾士

26、人有許多去北卡羅來(lái)納定居，因?yàn)槟抢锿恋乇阋恕?Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius” whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand. 愛(ài)因斯坦在資產(chǎn)階級(jí)筆下被描繪為一個(gè)“天才”，因?yàn)樗睦碚摲浅Ｉ願(yuàn)W，只有少數(shù)最杰出的科學(xué)家才能理解。,We can read of things that happened 5000 years ago in the Near East, where

27、people first learned to write. 因?yàn)樵诮鼥|人們最早使用文字記事，所以，即使追溯到五千年前那里發(fā)生的事情，我們也能知道。 Wells, who had spend years studying science, used to consider the future of man in the light of scientific knowledge. 由于威爾斯花了多年時(shí)間研究科學(xué)，因而他經(jīng)常根據(jù)科學(xué)知識(shí)考慮人類的未來(lái)。,in some instances the pretext was belied on the spot by the soldiers wh

28、o raped the girls in full public view even before loading them on the trucks. (David Bergamini: Japans Imperial Conspiracy) 在一些場(chǎng)合，這種借口當(dāng)時(shí)就被（日本）士兵們敗露了真相，因?yàn)樵诎压媚飩兺仙峡ㄜ嚽?，他們?dāng)眾把姑娘們強(qiáng)奸了。 （戴維 貝爾加米尼，日本天皇的陰謀）,B.表示時(shí)間 You, who are in the prime of your life, come forth with greater contributions for the benefit of

29、the people. 趁你年富力強(qiáng)的時(shí)候，為人民多做點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)吧。 A sailor who was fixing a rope lost balance and tumbled overboard. 一個(gè)水手正在系繩子的時(shí)候，失去平衡，掉到水里去了。 I had the honor of seeing Chairman Mao, who was visiting the Jinggang Mountain in 1965. 毛澤東1965年重訪井岡山時(shí)，我曾榮幸地見(jiàn)到他。,Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the Crown

30、, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief. 代表大會(huì)先前已集會(huì)決定繼續(xù)向英皇抗議了，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)而召集軍隊(duì)并推選喬治華盛頓為總司令了。,C.表示目的 He is collecting authentic materials that proves his argument. 他正在收集確鑿的材料以證明他的論點(diǎn)。 Steel parts are usually covered with grease, with which they may not rust. 鋼零件

31、通常用潤(rùn)滑油覆蓋，以免生銹。,Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments. 中國(guó)派了貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)前往非洲各國(guó)，以便與各國(guó)政府商談貿(mào)易協(xié)定。 The imperialists states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploiting the peop

32、le in distant land. 帝國(guó)主義國(guó)家維持龐大的陸海軍，用以壓迫和剝削遠(yuǎn)地的人民。,D.表示結(jié)果 The rain washed away the track, which prevented the rain from running. 大雨沖走了鐵軌，因而火車無(wú)法行駛。 In this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the communists movement. 這樣，他鼓舞了一代科學(xué)家，使他們積極參加共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)。,Subject

33、ivism and one-sidedness developed in his thinking and he made erroneous decisions on certain important questions, which led to serious and harmful consequences. 他的思想產(chǎn)生了主觀主義和片面性，對(duì)于某些重大問(wèn)題做出了錯(cuò)誤決定，因而造成嚴(yán)重不良后果。,E表示條件 Nothing is hard in this world for one who dares to scale the height. 世上無(wú)難事，只要肯攀登。 A perso

34、n is a idealist who thinks that rational knowledge need not to be derived from perceptual knowledge. 如果認(rèn)為理性知識(shí)可以不從感性知識(shí)得來(lái)，那么他就是一個(gè)唯心主義者。 Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人們迫不及待地找工作，不管干什么，只要能養(yǎng)家糊口就行。,The difficulties （that would have to be encoun

35、tered by anyone who attempted to explore the Moon） would be incomparably greater than those that have to be faced in the endeavor to reach the summit of Mountain Qomolangma. 任何人如果打算登上月球探險(xiǎn)的話，他必然遭遇到種種困難。困難之大，是努力攀登珠穆朗瑪峰時(shí)所面臨的困難無(wú)法比擬的。,F表示讓步 Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace them. 電子計(jì)算機(jī)雖然有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，卻不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的工作，代替不了人類。 Glass, which breaks at a blow, is nevertheless capable of withstanding great pressure. 玻璃雖然一擊即碎，卻能承受巨大的壓力。 Even the pine log which burned all