1、10第十單元 旅游資料（12頁） 第十單元 旅游資料旅游資料中存在著大量的文化因素，這一點(diǎn)早已引起學(xué)者的關(guān)注。由于每個(gè)國家或民族的文化發(fā)展道路不同，各國旅游景點(diǎn)所展示的旅游資料必然會(huì)帶有各自的文化特色。中國與西方國家是不同語種的國度，其文化差異就更大、更明顯，因而旅游資料中的文化因素往往會(huì)給外國游客造成理解障礙。張寧在“旅游資料翻譯中的文化思考”（2000）一文中把旅游資料中的文化文化因素歸納為下述幾個(gè)方面：（1）歷史典故（historical allusions）； （2）宗教信仰（religious beliefs）；（3）園林藝術(shù)（gardening / horticulture）；（4

2、）民族風(fēng)情（cultures and customs of the ethnic minorities）；（5）風(fēng)味飲食（local delicacy）。因此，翻譯人員采取適當(dāng)?shù)姆g策略，把這些文化信息從原文轉(zhuǎn)移到譯文，幫助外國游客來閱讀理解。th旅游翻譯不僅要忠實(shí)于原文，而且要言簡意賅，文情相生，滲透其中幽微。旅游資料中的文化因素往往會(huì)給外國游客的閱讀活動(dòng)造成理解障礙。文化因素的處理要遵循兩個(gè)原則，即“以原語文化為基礎(chǔ)，以譯語讀者為導(dǎo)向”。所謂以原語文化為基準(zhǔn)，就是要盡量保留原語文化信息，從而促進(jìn)文化交流；所謂以譯語讀者為導(dǎo)向，則是指旅游資料翻譯既要忠實(shí)于原文，又不拘泥于原文。根據(jù)實(shí)際情況對(duì)

3、原文作適當(dāng)調(diào)整，采用不同的翻譯方法來彌補(bǔ)文化差異而給外國游客造成的理解障礙。第19課 英語旅游資料漢譯英漢對(duì)比賞析一、英語原文The Real LondonBy Roger Mason1 London is bigger, dirtier and more crowded than one would imagine from the descriptions in many magazines and books. It has around 8 million inhabitants and sprawls over a huge area, mostly of suburbs where

4、 tourists seldom go. The city streets are narrow and often blocked by traffic. Most of the famous buildings are quite far apart, separated by rows of drab, ordinary buildings. We have no public space as impressive as Beijings Tiananmen Square or Paris Place de la Concorde, no ceremonial way as grand

5、 as Washingtons Pennsylvania Avenue. And in a recent BBC poll, Buckingham Palace was voted one of the ten ugliest buildings in Britain. But an awesome crowed of workers walk over London Bridge every weekday morning on their way to toil in one of the worlds major financial districts, and there is a m

6、odern commercial development at Docklands with skyscrapers to rival those in Pudong. We have the largest and finest selection of theaters in the world, recently jointed by a faithful reconstruction of Shakespeares Globe Theatre. It is built of wood with a thatched roof and has no electricity, so per

7、formances can only take place in summer daylight, as in the Bards day.2 Myths about London persist in China and other countries. As Mrs. Thatcher told everyone during her visit to Beijing, London isnt foggy. The fog disappeared fifty years ago when homes, factories and railway engines stopped burnin

8、g coal. Despite their traditional uniforms, police officers will laugh if you call them “bobbies”. We call them “the Bill” or “the Plod” and they have two-way radios, travel by car and maybe armed with guns. They are still polite to tourists and will give directions if you really are lost. If they e

9、ver existed, the warm-hearted Cockneys in the movies also went away at about the same time as the fogs. Slum houses were pulled down and their inhabitants moved to council flats (rented apartments provided by the local government) or the suburbs. Nowadays the people who live in downtown London are a

10、s varied as those of New York and Paris. We have the largest, most colourful street carnival outside South America, but also gangsters, drug abuse and racial hatred. More and more pubs (friendly neighbourhood bars that serve alcohol) are being converted into fast-food restaurants, shops and offices.

11、3 There is a small Chinatown at the heart of the theatre and cinema district in Soho. A pedestrian street has Chinese gateways given by the Hong Kong business community, plus traditional lion statues and a monument. Shops and restaurants supply mixtures of Chinese and western food, the more genuine

12、ones with menus in Chinese as well as English, but most customers eat with a knife and fork. Until a few years ago Chinatown residents spoke Cantonese but nowadays you are likely to hear Mandarin as well. Travel agents advertise tours to Beijing and the Great Wall and one shop specializes in Shaolin

13、 kung fu equipment. Each year at the Spring Festival, Londons Chinese Culture Association hosts a celebration in nearby Leicester Square with Chinese music, dancing and martial arts that attracts crowds of visitors and is featured on the local TV news.4 You have to search to find Londons true deligh

14、ts. Down one ordinary street you will come upon a genuine Shakespearean pub that still serves beer. You can also find, among the new offices of the financial district, the building where Dr. Samuel Johnson (17091784) once lived and compiled the first authoritative English dictionary. You can visit a

15、 tiny museum displaying one of the finest collections of Chinese ceramics in the world, an old bookshop that might come straight out of a Dickens novel and the house where John Keats (17951821) wrote his “Ode to a Nightingale”. And there are odder things, such as the unchanged Victorian lecture room

16、 where Darwin presented his theory of evolution to the world, a white marble Hindu temple in a suburb by the ring road, and the skeleton of the utilitarian political philosopher Jeremy Bentham (17481832）sitting in his chair and dressed in his clothes, displayed to the public at his own request. If y

17、ou visit London, try to see some of these things as well as the famous sights. You may need the help of a native guide! （選自北京青年報(bào)，2001年1月25日）注釋：1. Roger Mason：羅杰梅森，英國地質(zhì)學(xué)家，曾在xx大學(xué)任教2. sprawl：分布3. Place de la Concorde：（法國巴黎）協(xié)和廣場(chǎng)4. Pennsylvania Avenue：（美國華盛頓）賓夕法尼亞大街5. poll：民意測(cè)驗(yàn)，問卷調(diào)查6. Buckingham Palace：白

18、金漢宮7. dockland：碼頭區(qū)8. rival：比得上，相媲美9. selection：可供選擇之物10. Globe Theatre：全球劇場(chǎng)11. thatched roof：用茅草鋪成的屋頂12. the Bards day：詩人莎翁在世的時(shí)候13. persist：堅(jiān)持，長盛不衰14. Mrs. Thatcher：撒切爾夫人（英國前首相）15. bobby：英國人早年對(duì)警察的稱呼16. two-way radio：對(duì)講機(jī)17. Cockney：倫敦佬，倫敦東區(qū)的人18. council flat：政府公寓（由當(dāng)?shù)卣鲑Y興建并出租的公寓）19. street carnival：街

19、道狂歡節(jié)慶祝活動(dòng)20. Soho：索霍21. gateway：牌樓22. Cantonese：廣東話23. Mandarin：普通話24. Londons Chinese Culture Association：倫敦中國文化協(xié)會(huì)25. Leicester Square：雷斯特廣場(chǎng)26. Dr. Samuel Johnson：塞繆爾約翰遜博士（英國第一部權(quán)威英文詞典的作者）27. John Keats：約翰濟(jì)慈（英國詩人）28. Ode to a Nightingale：夜鶯頌29. Victorian lecture room：維多利亞演講堂30. utilitarian：功利主義的31. J

20、eremy Bentham：杰里米本瑟姆（英國功利主義政治哲學(xué)家）二、漢語譯文真正的倫敦羅杰梅森【1】與人們?cè)陂喿x了書籍雜志的介紹后而想象出的倫敦相比，倫敦其實(shí)更大、更臟，也更擁擠。倫敦有大約800萬居民，分布在很大的區(qū)域，大部分是游客罕至的郊區(qū)。城里的街道很窄，而且常常堵車。那些著名的建筑多數(shù)都相距很遠(yuǎn)，中間隔著一排排單調(diào)普通的樓房。那里沒有像北京天安門廣場(chǎng)或巴黎協(xié)和廣場(chǎng)那樣雄偉的公共場(chǎng)所，也沒有像華盛頓賓夕法尼亞大街那樣可舉行慶典的寬闊街道。在英國廣播公司最近所做的一次問卷調(diào)查中，白金漢宮被選為全英國最丑陋的十大建筑之一。但是每個(gè)工作日的早晨，蜂擁而來的人們走過倫敦橋，到世界上最大的金融中

21、心之一去開始辛勤工作的一天；而在碼頭區(qū)則發(fā)展起了現(xiàn)代化的商業(yè)區(qū)，那里的摩天大樓可與上海的浦東競相媲美。那里有世界上最大最好的劇院供人們選擇，最近又增加了一座專門用于上演莎士比亞戲劇的仿古型“全球劇院”。整個(gè)建筑是木架結(jié)構(gòu)，屋頂鋪的是茅草，而且里面沒有電氣設(shè)施，因此演出只能在夏季的白天進(jìn)行。這和詩人莎翁在世時(shí)的情況一樣。【2】關(guān)于倫敦的傳說在中國和其他國家長盛不衰。正如撒切爾夫人訪問北京時(shí)所告訴大家的，倫敦不再有霧了。早在50年前，當(dāng)住宅、工廠和火車停止燒煤之后，霧就消失了。警察們盡管還穿著傳統(tǒng)的制服，但如果你用早年的稱呼“bobbies”和他們打招呼，他們會(huì)笑你，因?yàn)槲覀儸F(xiàn)在稱警察為“the

22、Bill”或是“the Plod”。警察配備了對(duì)講機(jī)，乘坐汽車巡邏，也可能帶著槍。他們對(duì)旅游者依然彬彬有禮。假如你真的迷了路，他們會(huì)給你指路。電影里那些熱心腸的“倫敦佬”倘若確實(shí)存在過的話，也在濃霧消失的同一年代不見了。貧民窟已被拆除，原來的居民搬進(jìn)了政府公寓（由當(dāng)?shù)卣鲑Y興建并出租的公寓）或是遷到了郊區(qū)。如今，居住在倫敦城里的人也像紐約人和巴黎人那樣非?；祀s。那里有僅次于南美洲的最大最亮麗的街道狂歡節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)，但也有歹徒、吸毒和種族歧視現(xiàn)象。越累越多的酒吧（禮貌待客的鄰里酒館）正在消失，原來的鋪面被被改成了快餐店、商店或辦事處?！?】在索霍的影劇院區(qū)域中心有一個(gè)小小的中國城。那是一條步行街

23、，街上有香港商界捐贈(zèng)的中國式牌樓還有傳統(tǒng)的獅子雕像和紀(jì)念碑。商店和餐館供應(yīng)中西合璧的食品。那些更正宗的中國餐館，其菜譜則用中文和英文書寫，但多數(shù)顧客都用刀叉吃飯。幾年前這兒的中國人只說廣東話，而現(xiàn)在你有可能也聽到人們講普通話。各旅行社貼著去北京和長城旅游的海報(bào)。有一家商店還專門出售少林功夫的行頭。每年春節(jié)，倫敦中國文化協(xié)會(huì)都在附近的雷斯特廣場(chǎng)舉行慶祝會(huì)，表演中國民族音樂、舞蹈和武術(shù)，吸引了許多人駐足觀賞，當(dāng)?shù)氐碾娨暸_(tái)也進(jìn)行報(bào)道?！?】若想發(fā)現(xiàn)倫敦真正的樂趣所在，你必須細(xì)細(xì)搜尋。走在一條普通的街道上你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一家真正的莎士比亞時(shí)代的酒館如今還在賣啤酒給人們喝。在金融區(qū)的新辦公樓群中，你會(huì)找到塞繆爾

24、約翰遜博士（17091784）曾經(jīng)居住過的房子，他就是在那里編寫出了第一部權(quán)威的英文詞典。你可以參觀一個(gè)小小的博物館，那里展示的可是中國陶瓷的全球最佳收藏之一；或者到一家老式書店逛一逛，它跟狄更斯小說中所描寫的書店一模一樣；要么就去詩人濟(jì)慈（17951821）當(dāng)年寫下夜鶯頌的房子看一看。還有很多更為奇特的東西，例如，當(dāng)年達(dá)爾文向世界宣講他的進(jìn)化論的維多利亞演講堂至今仍風(fēng)采依舊；一座白色大理石印度廟宇坐落在郊區(qū)環(huán)路旁；還有功利主義政治哲學(xué)家杰里米本瑟姆（17481832）的骨架，依然穿著當(dāng)年的衣服，坐在當(dāng)年的椅子上，是按照他本人生前的要求向公眾展示的。倘若你去倫敦游覽，在參觀著名景觀的同時(shí)，也要

25、設(shè)法到這些地方去走走看看。不過，你可能需要一名當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游來幫助你。（譯者 佚名）三、原文與譯文對(duì)比賞析1. 思考題（1）這篇旅游資料的主旨大意是什么？（2）譯文是否準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)了原文的主旨大意？（3）原文的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)有什么特點(diǎn)？譯文中是否保留了這個(gè)特點(diǎn)？（4）譯文是否保留了原文的文體風(fēng)格？（5）為使譯文符合譯入語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，譯者采用了哪些翻譯技巧？（6）第1段第5、8句在譯文中改換了主語，為什么會(huì)這樣做？（7）第2段第3句的譯文調(diào)整了語序，這體現(xiàn)了漢語句子怎樣的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)？（8）第2段第4句句首的介詞短語在譯文中曾譯了動(dòng)詞，這體現(xiàn)了漢語怎樣的特點(diǎn)？（9）第3段第2句的譯文體現(xiàn)了漢語句子怎樣的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)？2

26、. 參照思考題寫一篇簡短的賞析文章。英漢翻譯實(shí)踐Maya, Away From Crowds (Excerpt)Central American is home to many secret treasures for tourists who like to avoid the crowds, including numerous ancient Maya settlements.The seven countries of Central AmericanGuatemala, Panama, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Cost

27、a Ricaare full of natural beauty and cultural treasures. Many of the regions nature reserves, ancient Maya settlements and colonial cities have been declared world cultural heritage sites by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.There are lots of volcanoes and an exoti

28、c animal kingdom to explore, yet few people outside the region know of them. The view into the crater of the Masaya Volcano in Nicaragua is a breathtaking experience, enlivened by the accompanying strong smell of sulphur and the loud screaming of parrots. Yet the car park on the edge of the crater i

29、s nearly empty. This is the boon for daring travelers who can enjoy all the beauty without having to share it with hordes of other visitors.El Salvador has a “road of flowers”, and Nicaragua has a “road of white villages” connecting villages from the colonial period. Honduras is developing a means o

30、f connecting the native American communities on the Atlantic coast from the Garifuna, descendents of the Carribean Indians and Africans, to the Miskito Indians in the jungle.Geological enthusiasts could also follow a volcanic trail through Central American. There are many volcanoes in just a small a

31、rea, some with perfectly cone-shaped peaks constantly emitting smoke from their craters. Some of them are partially accessible. （選自英語文摘，2002年第1期）The AmazonThe worlds rainforests cover less than ten percent of the earths surface, but contain over forty percent of all plant and animal species. The big

32、gest rainforest is in South America, which is called the Amazon.Amazon is by far the largest remaining rainforest area left on our planet. Its about 6 to 7 million square kilometers, about two-thirds the size of the United States including Alaska. Sixty percent of it is in Brazil, but the rainforest

33、 also extends to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Columbia, Venezuela, French Guiana and Suriname. And amazingly each year the Amazon provides twenty percent of the worlds fresh water. Here you can find at least 60-70 thousand plant species and at least 3 thousand species of fresh water fish. And more monkey

34、s than you find anywhere else on earth. In Brazil alone nine new species of monkeys have been identified last year.But many of those species, known and unknown, are destroyed every day. Constant logging, mining and cattle ranching are stripping the jungles clean.“Weve already lost over 50 percent of

35、 the rainforest that existed at the turn of the last century. And if current trends continue we stand to lose a very large percentage of the life forms that share the planet with us.” Scientists like Dr. Mittermeier and Conservation International are trying to make a difference. “The most important

36、thing that our organization does is working with local people, with local indigenous communities to demonstrate that conservation can provide benefits to local people, to local communities.” This in turn helps government officials to become aware of the amazing aspects of the Amazon, including the d

37、iscovery of some of the most incredible creatures known to man. （選自英語沙龍2003年第7期）第20課 漢語旅游資料英譯漢英對(duì)比賞析一、漢語原文黃龍奇觀佚名【1】在四川西部，有一美妙的去處。它背倚岷山主峰雪寶頂，樹木蒼翠，花香襲人，鳥聲婉轉(zhuǎn)，流水潺潺。這就是松潘縣的黃龍?！?】相傳在中國古代，洪水肆虐，人民苦不堪言。大禹決心治水，但船不能行，有黃龍來為他負(fù)舟，于是導(dǎo)水成功。黃龍疲憊，未及回歸大海，死于岷山之下，因而其地就稱為黃龍。【3】黃龍風(fēng)景，自海拔3600米處，沿山谷而下，逶迤3.5公里，地上覆蓋著一層淡黃色碳酸鈣沉淀，形成

38、大大小小的眾多水池，狀如梯田。池水澄清，呈淡藍(lán)、淡綠各色。遠(yuǎn)看宛如黃龍仰臥，粼光閃閃。兩旁森林，全是高達(dá)云杉。林間地上，多奇花異草，或藍(lán)或白，或紅或紫，燦爛如繽紛?！?】山谷頂端，殘留著一座道教建筑，名“黃龍古寺”。據(jù)松潘縣志記載，該寺建于明代（公元13681644年）。寺前有一溶洞，深邃莫測(cè)。寺后有一石碑，除碑檐外，幾乎全被碳酸鈣沉淀淹沒，碑文已不可辨認(rèn)?？磥?，這400年來的沉積速度是相當(dāng)可觀的。每年農(nóng)歷六月為黃龍寺廟會(huì)期，方圓幾百里乃至青海、甘肅的藏、羌、回、漢各族人民也前來趕會(huì)。屆時(shí)，帳篷連營，人馬喧騰，歌舞相雜，十分熱鬧。【5】據(jù)科學(xué)工作者考察，這里的山體系石灰?guī)r地質(zhì)，黃龍景觀實(shí)為巖溶

39、地貌。在中國，巖溶地貌形成的綺麗景色著實(shí)不少，有名的如桂林山水、云南石林，然而它們的風(fēng)貌都與黃龍迥異?！?】在黃龍附近的林區(qū)，還棲息著大熊貓、扭角羚、虹稚等珍貴動(dòng)物?！?】如今，國家擬將黃龍劃入它北面的九寨溝自然保護(hù)區(qū)，統(tǒng)一管理，以保護(hù)自然生態(tài)，開展科學(xué)研究和供人們游覽。（選自譯林出版社散文佳作108篇（英漢漢英對(duì)照），2003）注釋：1. 奇觀： a spectacular view2. 去處：a scenic spot3. 背倚：situated beneath4. 樹木蒼翠：exuberant trees5. 流水潺潺：a babbling stream6. 相傳：Legend has

40、it that.7. 洪水肆虐：rampant flood8. 大禹：Yu the Great9. 逶迤：spread for as far as 10. 碳酸鈣：calcium carbonate11. 奇花異草：exotic flowers and rare herbs12. 燦爛如繽紛：a dazzling sight13. 深邃莫測(cè)：be of immeasurable depth14. 淹沒：be buried by sth. （不可譯作be flooded）15. 廟會(huì)：a temple fair16. 喧騰：be bustling with activity17. 石灰?guī)r地質(zhì)：a

41、 limestone composition18. 巖溶地貌：a geological formation unique to a karst region二、英語譯文A Spectacular View of HuanglongAnonymous1 In the west of Sichuan Province, there is a scenic spot named Huanglong (Yellow Dragon). Situated beneath Xuebao Peak of Minshan Mountains in Songpan Country, it is a wonderl

42、and where you can enjoy exuberant trees, fragrant flowers, singing birds and babbling streams.2 Legend has it that in ancient China, rampant floods brought about untold misery and hardship to the people. Yu the Great made up his mind to bring the waters under control. He journeyed inland in a boat,

43、but was stopped halfway by the torrential current. Fortunately, a yellow dragon came and bore the boat upstream. After years of persevering work, Yu succeeded in taming the waters. However, the dragon was too exhausted to return to the sea, and died at the foot of Xuebao Peak. Thus the place was nam

44、ed Huanglong.3 The scenery starts from a place 3,600 meters above sea level, spreading for as far as 3.5km along a winding slope covered with yellowish calcium carbonate. With numerous water pools, large and small, formed on its surface, the slope looks like a long stretch of terraced fields. Viewin

45、g from a distance, you can imagine that a yellow dragon is lying on the hillside, its green or blue scales shining in the sun. The dragon is flanked by tall spruce trees, beneath which there are exotic flowers and rare herbs in blue, white , red and purple. A dazzling sight, indeed!4 On top of the h

46、ill stands the remains of the Huanglong Monastery，a Taoist retreat that, according to the countys annals, was built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). In front of the monastery, there lies a karst cave of immeasurable depth, while behind it, there is a stone tablet. All but the top of the tablet has b

47、een buried in calcium carbonate, so that the inscriptions are unreadable now. From this, you may come to realize how fast the sedimentation was during these 400 years.5 Every year in the sixth lunar month, a temple fair is held here. The local people for hundreds of kilometers around, as well as Tib

48、etan, Qiang, Hui and Han visitors from Qinghai and Gansu, travel on horseback to the fair. On these occasions, the place is bustling with activity. People set up tents and celebrate with songs and dances far into the night.6 Scientific investigations prove that the mountains here are of a limestone

49、composition, and that the Yellow Dragon is actually a geological formation unique to a karst region. In China, there are quite some splendid landscapes formed by karst structures, such as the Guilin Landscape in Guangxi and the Stone Forest in Yunnan, each with a distinctive feature, however.7 In th

50、e nearby forest, giant pandas, takins and pheasants make their homes together with many other rare species of birds and animals. At present, the State is planning to incorporate Huanglong into the Jiuzhaigou Natural Reserve (a preservation zone to the north) in order to protect the ecology of the whole area, to carry