1、v-ing形式作狀語v-ing形式作狀語時，用于修飾某動詞或整個句子，所表示的動作與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。v-ing形式作狀語時，可以單獨使用，也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等連詞，表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、伴隨、方式等。1. 作時間狀語Hearing this news, she got frightened. 聽到這個消息，她感到害怕。Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.Turning around , he sa

2、w a tiger running up.2. 作結(jié)果狀語The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那個男孩跑得更快了，到達(dá)學(xué)校時累得上氣不接下氣了。The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.Her husband died, leaving her four children.They fired, killing many people in the street.3. 作伴隨狀語He stood by the window, wat

3、ching people passing by his window.He came running.She stood waiting for a bus.He sat there reading a book.The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.4. 作原因狀語Being a student, I must study hard. 作為一名學(xué)生，我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.Not knowing his telephone numbe

4、r, I couldnt get in touch with him.5. 作讓步狀語Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 雖然我在這兒住了四年，我對鄰居們都還不熟悉。Working or reading, she always did her best. 不管是工作還是閱讀，她總是竭盡全力。Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. 盡管他自己不算富裕，他卻是慷慨的幫助窮人。6. 作條件狀語Heating wat

5、er, we can change it into vapour. 把水加熱，我們可以將其變?yōu)樗羝?。Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房間里工作，每天做三雙鞋。Using your head, youll find a good way.Working hard, youll surely succeed.7. 作目的狀語He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚，想通過

6、考試。注意：一、V-ing 的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。下表以動詞do為例說明現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的不同變化形式及其否定式的構(gòu)成：1.現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示該動作在與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或在謂語動作之后發(fā)生，完成式則表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，在句中只能作狀語表示時間和原因。如：Standing on top of the hill, you can see as far as the seaside. (分詞動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生) The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. (分詞動作在謂語動作之后發(fā)生) Having fini

7、shed his homework, the boy went out to play football. (分詞動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生) Having turned off the TV set, he bagan to do his homework.2. 現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式表示動作是由句子主語發(fā)出，而被動式表明主語承受該動作。如： Being noticed by so many people, she felt nervous, not knowing what to say.Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well

8、.Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.Having been translated into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world.3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never)。注意完成式的否定式應(yīng)將not(never)加在have前。如：Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.Not h

9、aving been washed in the correct way, the coat has faded.二、現(xiàn)在分詞可以與when, while, if, though等連詞使用。如：When doing your homework, you mustnt listen to the music.Though having been warned many times, she got to school late again.While reading the book, she nodded from time to time.三、v-ing形式作狀語時，它的邏輯主語必須與主句的

10、主語是一致的。Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me.（X）Rushing into the dining-room, I found supper was waiting for me.While visiting a strange city, a guide-book is very helpful.（X）While visiting a strange city, you may find a guide-book very helpful.四、當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語不是句中主語時，可以帶有自己的主語-名詞或代詞主格

11、。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，有時前面還可加介詞with構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Spring coming on, the trees turned green.Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home.Time permitting, well visit the Great Wall.He guiding the blind man, they walked slowly across the street.Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic next Sunday.Wi

12、th so many people looking at her, the girl felt nervous.五. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)：v-ing形式可以作獨立成分，表示說話人的態(tài)度或看問題的角度。如：Judging from his appearance, he must be a very healthy boy.Generally speaking, boys are more active than girls in sports.Judging from his appearance, he must be very rich.Generally speaking, his answer i

13、s right.Considering everything, they did a good job.六、V-ing形式作狀語時，可以用相應(yīng)的狀語從句替代，從句謂語必須用主動語態(tài)。Seeing the picture, I couldnt help thinking of the days in America.(=When I saw the picture, I)While reading the book, she nodded from time to time. （= While she was reading the book, she nodded from time to t

14、ime.）Being a student, I must study hard. (= As I am a student, I must study hard.)Not knowing how to do it, he asked the teacher for help. (= As he didnt know how to do it, he asked the teacher for help.)由于不知道如何干，他請老師幫助。Meeting anywhere else, we wouldnt have recognized each other. (=If we had met an

15、ywhere else, we wouldnt have recognized each other.)如果是在別處見面，我們彼此會認(rèn)不出來的。邊學(xué)邊練:1. Dont sit there _ nothing at all. Come and help me with this table.A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing2. The snow storm left, _ a lot of damage to southern China.A. caused B. to have causedC. to cause D. having caused3.

16、He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A. noting B. notedC. to note D. having noted4. _ in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. Dressed B. To dressC. Dressing D. Having dressed5. The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree wi

17、th us ,left the meeting room.A. who has made B. having madeC. made D. making翻譯下列句子。1. 如果時間允許，我會去看望我的老師。2. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在床上，聽著MP3。3. 老師把三種不同的液體混合在一起，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)混合物呈現(xiàn)出紅色。4. 通過討論，我們找到了解決這道數(shù)學(xué)題的方法。5. 那位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)整夜未睡，考慮第二天做什么。6. 挨了同學(xué)們的批評后，他不再去網(wǎng)吧打電子游戲了。7. 由于年齡太小，小明不能當(dāng)兵。8. 過街時要小心。9. 由于沒有收到回信，他決定再給她發(fā)一份電子郵件。10. 火車四點發(fā)車，十點到長沙車站。Gra

18、mmar1.C 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.B翻譯下列句子。1. Time permitting, Ill see my teacher.2. We found him lying on the bed, listening to the MP3 player.3. The teacher mixed three different liquids, finding the mixture red.4. Having had a discussion, we found the way to work out this math problem.5. The leader stayed up

19、all night，thinking of what to do the next day.6. Having been criticized by his classmates, he didnt go to the Internet bar to play computer games any more.7. Being too young，Xiao Ming cant join the army.8. Be careful when crossing the street.9. Not having received her reply, he decided to send anoth

20、er e-mail to her.10. The train started at four, arriving at Changsha Station at ten.可以帶有自己的主語-名詞或代詞主格。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，有時前面還可加介詞with構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。1.Time _(permit), Ill see my teacher. permitting2. _(consider) Considering the reasons mentioned above, we should take effective measures to protect our environment.3. The leader stayed up all night, _(think)thinking of what to