1、Subjunctive Mood !,虛擬語氣!,BY:Mr.Potato,2018年10月16日,概念：謂語v用不同的形式表示說話人的不同意圖，這種形式稱為語氣。語氣分三種： 1.陳述語氣：用來陳述一個事實，或提出一種看法，有肯定、否定、疑問、感嘆等形式。 He is late for class. What fun! He is not interested in classical music. 2.祈使語氣：用來表示請求、邀請、命令、警告或勸告等（動詞常用原形） Dont be late！ 3.虛擬語氣：表示說話人所說的不是事實，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測。,一、虛擬語氣在 if非

2、真實條件句中,主語+did/were,主語+should / would/ could / might + do,主語+ had done,主語+ should / would/ could / might + have done,主語+ 1.did 2.should do 3.were to do,主語+should / would/ could / might + do,If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.,1.如果我是你，我會接受他的建議。,2.如果明天下雨，我會待在家里。,3.如果你以前好好學(xué)習(xí)，

3、 你會通過考試的。,If I were you, I would accept his advice.,If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.,You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. drove; didnt get drove; wouldnt get were driving; wouldnt get had driven; wouldnt have got,_ it rain tomorrow, we would h

4、ave to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. Were B. Should C.Would D. Will,注意： 1.錯綜時間虛擬語氣 當(dāng)從句主句所表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 If you _(follow)my advice just now, you _(be)better now. If you _(study)hard before, you _(be)a college student now.,had followed,would be,had studied,would be,

5、If you _ with George earlier, you _ so angry now. talked; would not be had talked; would not be would talk; would not be had talked; would not have been,If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now. is not polluted would not be polluted had not been polluted wou

6、ld not have been polluted,2. if從句中，were，had（完成時態(tài)標(biāo)志），should可以放在句首，（用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)），if必須省略。否定詞not不能放在前面。 1.Had I not seen him then(Hadnt I seen him then), I wouldnt have been very happy.,2.If I were you, I would accept his advice.,3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.,4.If yo

7、u had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.,Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should it rained tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow,3、含蓄虛擬語氣 有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中，并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其它手段來代替條件句。 常用的有介詞with，without，but for（倘沒有，要不是）；連詞or，but；副詞otherwise等。,1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I

8、would have taken part in the sports meeting. =If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.,2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. 3.I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.,4.What would you do with a millio

9、n dollars? 5.Without / But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, ,Without electricity, human being life _ quite different today. is will be would have been would be,But for his help, I _. should not have succeeded have not succeeded did no

10、t succeed had not succeeded,He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. had scored scored would score would have scored, Why didnt you buy it? I _ but I didnt have the money. A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought,二、虛擬語氣的其他用法 1.as if / as though（好像）+從句 與現(xiàn)在相反 di

11、d/were 與過去相反 had done 與將來相反 would/could/might+ do He looks as if he were an artist. He talked about the accident as if he had seen it. (區(qū)分even if/though),注意：若表示的確有某種可能(尤指天氣），也可不用虛擬語氣。 Eg. Look! The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain . When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, i

12、t looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,2.It is (high / about) time (that) sb did/ sb should（不可省略） + do 該是某人做某事的時候了。 It is high time that you got up/should get up.,Im getting tired; its time we _ home. A. go B. are going C. went D. should be going,3.wish/if only

13、(要是就好了）+從句 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 did/were 與過去事實相反 had done（或用could have done） 與將來事實相反 could/would/might + do I wish (that)he_(visit) us tomorrow. I wish (that) he_(visit)us today. I wish he_(visit) us yesterday.,had visited us/ could have visited us,would /could /might visit,visited,If only you _ （listen)to our a

14、dvice! If only I _ (be)a bird!,had listened,were,4.在would rather+賓語從句中 與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?did/were 與過去事實相反 had done 即：would rather sb did/ had done I would rather you _(come) here tomorrow. I would rather you _ (not tell)me the truth.,came,hadnt told,5.用于表示 建議（advise/ suggest/ propose/recommend） 命令(order/ c

15、ommand) 要求(demand/require/ request/ desire) 堅持要求(insist) 等詞相連的從句中需用虛擬語氣： sb （should）+ do 1.I suggested that he (should) go there at once. (賓語從句) 2.My advice is that we (should) tell him the news. 3.I made a suggestion that he-(同位語從句) 4.It is suggested that he-(主語從句) 5.My suggestion was that he-(表語從句

16、),區(qū)別： This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.(定語從句) The officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived. A. didnt touch B. touched C. be touched D. touch,注意： suggest:表明，暗示 陳述語氣 建議 虛擬語氣 Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill and that she _(send) to hospital immedi

17、ately. Insist：堅持說，堅持認(rèn)為 陳述語氣 堅持主張，堅持要求 虛擬語氣 He insisted that he _(not steal) the money and insisted that he _(set) free.,was,(should) be sent,hadnt stolen,(should) be set,6.主語從句中的虛擬語氣（主要是it作形式主語） It is necessary / important / natural / strange / funny/ surprising/ a pity / a shame/ no wonder/ suggested / advised/recommended / desired 等that sb (should) + do It is strange that he (should) have treated his parents like that. It is a pity that L