哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）-I-摘要在航天、航海、航空領(lǐng)域常用的控制器件電液伺服閥和導(dǎo)向器件撓性陀螺中廣泛地使用精密彈性元件作為力敏單元獲得反饋信號。這些彈性元件的剛度參數(shù)對相對應(yīng)的控制器件、導(dǎo)航器件的性能影響很大。隨著制造技術(shù)水平的提高以及航空航天技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，對精密彈性元件的加工精度和加工效率提出了更高的要求，所以研究以彈簧管為代表的該彈性元件的剛度精密測量技術(shù)對增強(qiáng)國防實力有著重要意義。本文首先綜述了國內(nèi)外彈簧管剛度測量技術(shù)的發(fā)展概況，并對國內(nèi)彈簧管剛度測量技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題進(jìn)行了比較全面的總結(jié)。為了展開對彈簧管剛度測量技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)性研究，本文根據(jù)彈簧管的設(shè)計指標(biāo)成功地研制了能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)自動加載、多點測量，并可自動地輸出剛度曲線的剛度測量系統(tǒng)。為了提高測量系統(tǒng)測量的精度，在測量系統(tǒng)的實驗數(shù)據(jù)處理中提出了一種基于灰色系統(tǒng)理論的粗大誤差判別法。其次，為了解決新型號大剛度值彈簧管剛度測量中重復(fù)測量精度差的問題，從測量系統(tǒng)的測量原理入手，在分析測量系統(tǒng)中誤差源的基礎(chǔ)上，重點研究了測量系統(tǒng)中各環(huán)節(jié)的彎曲變形以及環(huán)節(jié)間的接觸變形對測量精度的影響，基于齊次坐標(biāo)變換和矢量鏈法建立了彈簧管的變形與傳感器實測變形之間的關(guān)系，并建立了誤差補(bǔ)償模型?？紤]接觸表面形貌建立了接觸力學(xué)模型和協(xié)調(diào)接觸方程，并用數(shù)值法求解接觸參數(shù)。最后，本文對彈簧管剛度測量作了大量的實驗研究。結(jié)果表明：接觸變形對測量精度的影響最大，臺板的彎曲變形的影響在其次，而其余環(huán)節(jié)的彎曲變形的影響則很小。另外，實驗還表明，隨著彈簧管剛度值的增大，變形對測量結(jié)果的影響程度隨之增大。在對兩種不同測量方法的比對實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于大剛度值彈簧管，使用新方法會獲得較高的重復(fù)測量精度，而對小剛度彈簧管的影響不大。本文通過對不同試件有針對性地選擇測量方法，提高了測量效率和重復(fù)測量精度，為該類彈性元件的批量生產(chǎn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)鍵詞彈簧管；剛度；精密測量；誤差補(bǔ)償；接觸變形哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）-II-AbstractPreciseelasticpartsarewidelyusedassensitivepartstogainfeedbacksignalsinthecontrollinginstrumentsuchaselectro-hydraulicservovalveorthenavigationsystemsuchasflexiblenessgyrointhefieldofastronavigation,navigationandaviation.Theirstiffnessparametersdirectlycorrelatedwiththeperformancesofcorrespondingsystem.Therefore,notonlyhavearatherhighstandardbeensetfordimensionalprecisionandgeometricalprecisionofthem,butalsocertaindemandsaremadeagainsttheirsstiffnesscharacteristic.Duetotheircomplicatedgeometry,alongwithmachiningerrorsandchangesofmaterialscharacteristic,itisimpossibletogaintheaccuratevaluesofthestiffnessbycalculation.So,measurementistheonlywaytoassurethestiffnessrequirementinproduction.Atpresent,astheproductionlevelisadvancedwiththetechnologyofastronavigationandcontinuousdevelopmentofaviation,higheraccuracyandefficiencyinmeasurementaredemandedtomeetthem.Therefore,studiesonthestiffnessmeasuringofspringtubes,typicalplasticparts,isofgreatimportanceinenhancingstrengthofnationaldefense.Thisdissertationfirstlysummarizesthedevelopmentofstiffness-measuringinstrumentforspringtubes,andsumsupthecurrentresearchstatusandproblemsinthestiffnessmeasurement.Inordertoexpandthetheoryresearchonit,onestiffness-measuringsystemisdevelopedsuccessfullyaccordingtothedesignindexofthespringtubes,whichcanautomaticallyloadandoutputstiffnesscurvebymuti-pointsmeasurement.ThenonenewmethodfordeletinggrosserrorbasedonGreySystemTheoryisproposedinexperimentdataprocessingtoimprovethemeasuringaccuracy.TechnologyofdataaccumulationinGSTisusedtoweakentherandomnessofmeasureddataandenhancethetrenditemtofindoutthedataregularity.Experimentsprovethattheproposedmethodisespeciallyeffective哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）-III-whenthetestingdataarefewornostatisticallaws.Secondly,inordertoresearchonthepooraccuracyinstiffnessmeasurementofthestifferspringtubes,measuringprincipleispresentedanderrorsourcesinthemeasuringsystemareanalyzed.Inthemeasuringdevice,bendingdeformationofallpartsandcontactdeformationbetweenpartsjoinedtogetherarekeyfactorsaffectedthemeasuringaccuracy.Sorelationbetweenthetheoreticaldeformationofthetubesandthedetectingdeformationissetupbasedonhomogeneouscoordinatetransformationandvectorchainmethod.Onemodelforerrorscompensationisobtainedforimprovingmeasuringaccuracy.Contactdeformationbetweenthemeasuringrodandtubeisthemostcriticalfactoraffectingthemeasurementaccuracy.So,onecontactmodelandcorrespondingconformalcontactequationaresetupbyconsideringthesurfaceroughnessandthecontactcharacteristic.Numericalmethodisadoptedtosolvethecontactmodel.Thirdly,onenewmethodisproposedtomeasurethestiffnessofthestifferspringtubes,inwhichspecialclamparedesignedforthedirectlymeasuringoftheangulardeformationofthespringtubes.Inthenewmeasuringdevice,thebendingdeformationandcontactdeformationoccurredbeforecanbeavoidedandtherepeatabilityaccuracycanbeimprovedevidently,whichisprovedbyerroranalysisfornewdeviceandexperiments.Finally，lotsofexperimentalstudiesonstiffnessmeasurementofspringtubesarecarriedout.Theresultsshowthatcontactdeformationaffectsthemeasuringaccuracyseriously,thebendingdeformationofthefoundationplateisthesecondfactorandotherdeformationcanbeignored.Ontheotherhand,theexperimentalresultsarealsoshowthatasthevaluesincreaseerrorscausedbydeformationwillwicked.Bytheexperimentsofcomparisonoftwomeasuringmethod,oneconclusioncanbedrawn,whichisthatforstifferspringtubesnewmethodisagoodchoicetoobtainhighaccuracy,buttherearelittledifferencefornon-stifferones.哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）-IV-Measuringefficiencyandstabilitycanbeimprovedbydistributingpropermethodfordifferenttubes,whichLaysthegroundworkformassproductionofthiskindofelasticparts.KeywordsSpringtubes；Stiffness；Precisionmeasurement；Errorcompensation；Contactdeformation哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）-V-目錄摘要.I第1章緒論.-1-1.1彈簧管概述.-1-1.2彈簧管剛度檢測技術(shù)的發(fā)展及研究現(xiàn)狀.-3-1.3彈簧管剛度測量中相關(guān)理論綜述.-4-1.4本課題的主要研究內(nèi)容.-4-第2章彈簧管剛度測量系統(tǒng)的研制.-6-2.1彈簧管的技術(shù)指標(biāo).-6-2.2彈簧管剛度測量系統(tǒng)總體方案的確定.-6-2.3測量臺架及測量夾具和調(diào)整裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計.-7-2.4數(shù)據(jù)測量元件的選擇.-11-2.5剛度測量的主要步驟.-12-2.6測