目錄III摘要本研究的核心是氣動(dòng)射種，這是一種（與土壤）非接觸式的播種方式。為了進(jìn)一步探索氣動(dòng)射種的可行性，專門設(shè)計(jì)并試制了氣動(dòng)射種試驗(yàn)裝置。氣動(dòng)射種試驗(yàn)裝置由機(jī)架、步進(jìn)電機(jī)、射種元件、電磁鐵、電磁閥，控制電路等組成。用步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)排種器；電磁鐵和電磁閥分別控制射種元件中排種閥和電磁閥的開關(guān)；控制電路實(shí)現(xiàn)步進(jìn)電機(jī)、電磁鐵和電磁閥的協(xié)調(diào)動(dòng)作，完成送種、排種、射種這一工作過程；同時(shí)通過修改程序來控制試驗(yàn)參數(shù)；對(duì)射種元件中關(guān)鍵部件（排種腔體、噴嘴）的設(shè)計(jì)采用理論分析結(jié)合實(shí)際的方法，得出合理的形狀和尺寸。裝置的工作原理是：排種器排種后開啟排種閥，種子落入排種腔體后關(guān)閉排種閥，開啟電磁閥，種子隨著高速氣流通過噴嘴噴射而出，完成一次射種。本論文首次提出了氣動(dòng)射種這一新型的非接觸式播種方式，經(jīng)過理論上的深入探討，開始?xì)鈩?dòng)射種裝置的研發(fā)，旨在開辟氣動(dòng)射種這一非接觸式播種研究新領(lǐng)域，探索氣動(dòng)射種播種的機(jī)理和方法。關(guān)鍵詞：氣動(dòng)射種，播種方式，射種器，農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)，播種器裝置目錄IVAbstractThecoreoftheresearchispneumaticseedingwhichiskindofplantingwhosecharacterisuntouchedsoil.Thisequipmentiscomprisedoftrestle,steppermotor,seed-shootingcomponents,electromagnet,andpneumaticjetvalve.Thesteppermotordrivesseed-fallingdevicel；theelectromagnetsandpneumaticjetvalvecontroltheswitchofseed-fallingvalveandpneumatic-jetvalverespectively；Controlcircuitcoordinatesthesteppermotorandtheelectromagnet,Completedtheworkprocessofdelivery-seed,arrange-seed,shooting-seed.；andseed-fallingcavityandpneumaticjetnozzleweredesignedbasedontheanalysisoftheoryandfact.Operationprincipleoftheequipmentisasfollows:openingtheseed-fallingvalve,whentheseedfallintothecavity,theseed-fallingvalvewasclosed.Thenopeningthepneumaticjetvalve,theseedwithpneumaticjetthroughnozzle.thepneumaticshooting-seedcomesoutwhichisanewtypeun-contactedseedingmanner.Bythein-depththeoreticresearch,nowstarttoexplodetheequipmentofpneumaticseeding.aimtocutnewresearchdomainwhichispneumaticshooting-seedandnocontactingsemination,exploringmechanismandmethodofpneumaticshooting-seed.Keywords:pneumaticshooting-seed,themannerofseeding,shooting-seedappliance,agriculturetechnology,seedingimplement目錄V目錄摘要IAbstractII目錄III第一章緒論11.1課題的提出及意義11.2播種機(jī)械的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與趨勢(shì)11.2.1國(guó)內(nèi)外播種機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀11.2.2播種機(jī)械的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)21.3機(jī)電一體化與農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械31.3.1機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)與播種機(jī)械的結(jié)合51.4氣動(dòng)射種的研究現(xiàn)狀61.5主要研究?jī)?nèi)容61.6本章小結(jié)7第二章機(jī)械裝置的設(shè)計(jì)82.1總體設(shè)計(jì)方案82.2裝置總體設(shè)計(jì)82.3行走裝置的設(shè)計(jì)92.4射種裝置的設(shè)計(jì)9目錄VI2.5送種機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)112.6其它附屬設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)、選擇及注意事項(xiàng)132.6.1噴嘴的設(shè)計(jì)132.6.2種箱的設(shè)計(jì)162.6.3輸種管的設(shè)計(jì)162.6.4排種器機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)162.7本章小結(jié)17第三章氣動(dòng)射種裝置的電路設(shè)計(jì)183.1控制系統(tǒng)概述183.1.1控制電路綜述183.2步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇193.2.1步進(jìn)電機(jī)的工作原理193.2.2步進(jìn)電機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)203.2.3驅(qū)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的組成203.2.4步進(jìn)電機(jī)的應(yīng)用213.2.5控制系統(tǒng)的程序運(yùn)行233.3電磁鐵的選擇和控制243.3.1電磁鐵的選擇243.3.1電磁鐵的