中醫(yī)綜合-中醫(yī)基礎理論(七)一、Section Use of English(總題數(shù)：1，分數(shù)：10.00)Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of (1) , crime, poverty and moral (2) Their distrust was caused, (3) , by a national ideology that (4) farming the greatest occupation and rural living (5) to urban living. This attitude (6) even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential (7) of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands (8) the precarious (不穩(wěn)定的) life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people (9) from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were (10) with great problems, eagerly (11) the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the (12) of the city.One of many reforms came (13) the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by (14) governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would (15) exorbitant (過渡的) rates for these essential services and (16) them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by (17) the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. (18) of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would (19) widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a (20) price. (1).A eruption B corruption C interruption D provocation（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.corruption“腐敗”，其他選項不合文意。Aeruption“火山爆發(fā)”；Cinterruption“打斷、打攪”；Dprovocation“激怒、挑撥”。(2).A disgrace B deterioration C dishonor D degradation（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.城市被認為是腐敗、墮落的中心，因此選degradation“墮落、退化”，其他選項不合文意。Adisgrace“恥辱、失寵”，如：Being poor is no disgrace.“貧窮并不是恥辱?！盉deterioration“變壞、惡化”，如：health deterioration健康惡化；Cdishonor“不名譽、不光彩”。(3).A by origin B in part C at all D at random（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.in part“部分地，在某種程度上”，其他選項不合文意。Aby origin“出身”，如：Hes French by origin.“他生為法國人?！盋at all“完全、根本”，常用于否定或疑問句；Dat random“隨便地，隨機地”。(4).A proclaimed B exclaimed C claimed D reclaim（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.proclaimed“正式宣布，表明，公開贊揚”，其他選項不合文意。Bexclaimed“感嘆，大聲說”；Cclaimed“要求、主張、索賠”，如：She claims to own a car but I dont believe her.“她聲稱自己有車，但我不相信她?！盌reclaim“要求歸還、開墾”。(5).A superb B super C exceptional D superior（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.be superior to“優(yōu)于”，其他選項不符合搭配。Asuperb“極好的，高質量的”；Bsuper“極好的，超級的”；Cexceptional“例外的，異常的”。(6).A predominated B dominated C commanded D prevailed（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.prevailed“流行，盛行”，如：A belief in magic still prevails in many tribes“對魔力的信仰仍在好多部落流行?！逼渌x項不符合文意。Apredominated“掌握，支配”，如：In his mind a wish to become rich has always predominated.“發(fā)財?shù)南Ｍ恢痹谒闹姓贾鲗У匚??！盉dominated“主宰，統(tǒng)治”，如：Her desire to dominate other people has caused trouble in her family.“她要主宰他人的欲望給她的家庭帶來了麻煩?！盋commanded“指揮，命令”。(7).A feature B peculiarity C quality D attribute（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.feature“外表的顯著的特征或特性”，如：feature of the national landscape“國土風景的特色”，其他選項不符合文意。Bpeculiarity“顯著的，令人不快的特性或怪癖”，如：a peculiarity of the northern climate“北方怪氣候的特色”；Cquality“性質，特性”，意義較抽象；Dattribute“構成人或物一部分的屬性”，如：eagerness to learn，an often overlooked attribute in small children.“強烈的求知欲，一種小孩子身上常被忽視的特性?！?8).A deserted B departed C abolished D abandoned（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.abandoned意為“完全放棄”，其他選項不合文意。Adeserted“在困難的時候或情形下離開”，如：His friends deserted him.“他的朋友遺棄了他?！盉departed“離開某地”，如：depart from Beijing“離開北京”。Cabolished“廢除”。(9).A reallocated B migrated C replaced D substituted（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.從農(nóng)村遷移到城市，因此選migrated“遷移，移居”，其他選項不合文意。Areallocated“重新分配”；Creplaced“代替”；Dsubstituted“替換”。(10).A overwhelmed B overflowed C overtaken D preoccupied（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.城市里充斥著各種問題，所以選overwhelmed“被水完全覆蓋，制服”，其他選項不符合文意。Boverflowed“使淹沒”；Covertaken“趕上，超過”；Dpreoccupied“預先占上，全神貫注于”。(11).A embraced B adopted C hugged D contained（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.新來城市的人熱切地歡迎改革，所以選embraced“愿意使用或接受”，其他選項不符合文意。Badopted“采納”；Chugged“擁抱”；Dcontained“包含”。(12).A chaos B chores C chorus D outbreaks（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.chaos“混亂”；Bchores“家務雜事”；Cchorus“合唱，合唱隊”；Doutbreaks“爆發(fā)”。(13).A at B by C out D in（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.in the area“在方面”，其他選項不符合搭配。(14).A public B municipal C republican D national（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.該段講城市的改革，供水和排水系統(tǒng)通常由市政府運作，所以選municipal“市政的”，其他選項不符合文意。Apublic“公共的”；Crepublican“共和國的”；Dnational“民族的，全國的”。(15).A charge B take C cost D spend（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.charge exorbitant rates“收取過高的費用”，其他選項不符合慣用法。Btake“花費”，常用物作主語；Ccost“消費”，常用物作主語；Dspend“花”，常用句型：sb. spend time/money on sth.。(16).A distribute B deliver C transfer D transport（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.改革者擔心私營公司只為能付得起費用的人提供服務，所以選deliver“交付，遞送”，其他選項不符合文意。Adistribute“分發(fā)，分配”；Ctransfer“調動，遷移”；Dtransport“運輸，傳送”。(17).A degenerating B generating C regenerating D regulating（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.一些政府對私營公司進行“管理，調節(jié)，控制”，因此選regulating。Adegenerating“退化，變質”；Bgenerating“產(chǎn)生，導致”；Cregenerating“使再生，重建”。(18).A Proponents B Opponents C Sponsors D Rivals（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.Proponents“支持者”，其他選項不合文意。BOpponents“反對者”；CSponsors“發(fā)起者”；DRivals“對手”。(19).A secure B ensure C reassure D incur（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.ensure“保證”，其他選項不合文意。Asecure“獲得，保衛(wèi)”；Creassure“使放心”，如：The doctor reassured the sick man about his health.“醫(yī)生讓病人對自己的健康放心?！盌incur“招致”，如：I incurred his dislike from that day on.“從那天起，我便惹他討厭?！?20).A fair B just C square D objective（分數(shù)：0.50）A.B.C.D.公平的價格為“fair price”，其他選項不符合慣用法和文意。Bjust“(法律或道德方面)公正的”；Csquare“正直的”；Dobjective“客觀的”。二、Section Reading Comprehension(總題數(shù)：0，分數(shù)：0.00)三、Part A(總題數(shù)：0，分數(shù)：0.00)四、Text 1(總題數(shù)：1，分數(shù)：10.00)The modern university is the ideal environment for the creation and transfer of knowledge that drives national competitiveness in an increasingly global era. Its most effective form is the American adaptation of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated into a single institution. Indeed, the American university has proved capable of almost anything, from developing advanced economic theories to creating new life forms.Many national leaders understand that the university is the critical catalyst for Americas adaptability, economic robustness and emergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up. The universities created by emerging economies beginning in the 1990s and through 2020 will likely play a decisive role in reshaping the global balance of economic power.That is bad news for the United States. The past two decades of American university development have been characterized largely by self-satisfaction arising from steady progress by the top 20 or so research universities. And America as a nation has 1Seen coasting. Since 2000, the United States has lost its edge in the graduation of engineers and technologists. The country no longer dominates scientific discovery, innovation or exploration. Most important, the United States has not launched any effort to build new institutions to accommodate its increasingly diverse population of more than 300 million.The result is that Americas university system, despite its historical pre-eminence, has ceased to grow. Furthermore, Americas university system has failed to adapt to the dramatic demographic shifts occurring as a result of social mobility and immigration.America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of the world to attract the best and the brightest, to secure resources and to provide environments that educate and inspire. This is not to say that the best American universities are no longer the leaders in discovery and innovation. It is to say that the success of the higher-education system must be measured by more than just innovations. Its long-term performance depends on its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficiency in math and science and to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrepreneurship and the creative process.In China and elsewhere, these are the goals of the new universities being built. In the United States, we need to move from a national self-confidence based on past success to one built on the knowledge that we are advancing a system of higher education that will meet our future needs. This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery environments; design entirely new models and methods for teaching, and then take action to implement them. (1).According to the author, US modern universities _A is a perfect system which can deal with everything.B is a system which is developing rapidly.C is a trinity of teaching, learning and research.D is a place for innovation and creation.A.B.C.D.本題為細節(jié)理解題。文中指出“Its most effective form is the American adaptation of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated into a single institution.”。選項A在文中并未涉及，并且同后文中所提出的問題相矛盾。B同后文中指出的發(fā)展停滯相悖。D過于片面，僅僅強調了創(chuàng)新的內(nèi)容，而忽略了將成果進行轉化和教育的內(nèi)容。因此C最符合要求。(2).New universities have been established among many other countries in order to _A bring bad news to the US.B make use of the power for development.C be measured by innovation.D force the US to build up more universities.A.B.C.D.本題為推理判斷題。文中指出“Many national leaders understand that the university is the critical catalyst for Americas adaptability, economic robustness and emergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up.”由此可見，其他國家大力發(fā)展大學的主要動力是為了獲取同美國一樣的發(fā)展能力，因此應當選B。(3).What is the problem that US universities have faced since 2000?A Loss of the predominant position in artistic innovations.B Lack of the reestablishment of famed universities.C Failure to attract the best brains throughout the world.D Need of a comprehensive learning and studying environment.A.B.C.D.本題為細節(jié)理解題。文中提到“the country no longer dominates scientific discovery, innovation or exploration”，因此選項A不恰當誤。根據(jù)“the United States has not launched any effort to build new institutions to accommodate its increasingly diverse population of more than 300 million.”可以判斷B不恰當誤。文中提到“America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of the world to attract the best and the brightest”，但是并沒有提到美國在吸引人才方面遭遇失敗，因此C不正確。根據(jù)“This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery environments”可以確定D正確。(4).Which of the following is the goal of China to build up new universities?A Providing wider opportunities of education for oversea students.B Elevating the science and technology level of the whole country.C Focusing on the position of science and technology innovation leader.D Creating a culture of appreciation of science and technology.A.B.C.D.本題為細節(jié)理解題。文章中提到“Its long-term performance depends on its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficiency in math and science and to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrepreneurship and the creative process”，這樣可以排除與原文意思不符的A、D兩項，而當前占據(jù)領導地位的依然是美國，C在文中并未提及，應予以排除，故本題選擇B項。(5).It can be inferred from the text that the most possible direction of university reform in the US is _A offering more attractive scholarships.B developing advanced economic theories.C finding a better system for learning and researching.D spending more money for hardware improvement.A.B.C.D.本題為推理判斷題。文章最后一段中指出了美國大學的發(fā)展方向是發(fā)展更加有利于國家進步的教學科研環(huán)境。選項A的內(nèi)容僅僅對于吸引人才有一定作用。B的內(nèi)容過于片面。D并不符合總體改革原則，因此C最符合題意。五、Text 2(總題數(shù)：1，分數(shù)：10.00)When Ted Kennedy gazes from the windows of his office in Boston, he can see the harbors Golden Stairs, where all eight of his great-grandparents first set foot in America. It reminds him, he told his Senate colleagues this week, that reforming Americas immigration laws is an awesome responsibility. Mr. Kennedy is the Democrat most prominently pushing a bipartisan bill to secure the border, ease the national skills shortage and offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegal aliens already in the country. He has a steep climb ahead of him.As drafted, the bill seeks to mend Americas broken immigration system in several ways. First, and before its other main provisions come into effect, it would tighten border security. It provides for 200 miles (320km) of vehicle barriers, 370 miles of fencing and 18000 new border patrol agents. It calls for an electronic identification system to ensure employers verify that all their employees are legally allowed to work. And it stiffens punishments for those who knowingly hire illegals.As soon as the bill was unveiled, it was stoned from all sides. Christans, mostly Republicans, denounced it as an amnesty that would encourage further waves of illegal immigration. Tom Tancredo, a Republican congressman running for president (without hope of success ) on an anti-illegal-immigration platform, demanded that all but the border-security clauses be scrapped. Even these he derided as so limited its almost a joke. Conservative talk-radio echoed his call. No one is seriously proposing mass deportation, but Mr. Tancredo says the illegals will all go home if the laws against hiring them are vigorously enforced.Most labor unions are skeptical, too. The AFL-CIO denounced the guest-worker program, which it said would give employers a ready pool of labor that they can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protections for everyone else. Two Democratic senators tried to gut the program. One failed to abolish it entirely; another succeeded in slashing it from 400000 to 200000 people a year.Employers like the idea of more legal migrants but worry that the new system will be cumbersome. Many object to the idea that they will have to check the immigration status of all their employees. The proposed federal computer system to sort legal from illegal workers is bound to make mistakes. Even if only one employee in a hundred is falsely labelled illegal, that will cause a lot of headaches. And the points system has drawbacks, too. Employers are better placed than bureaucrats to judge which skills are in short supply. That is why the current mess has advantagesillegal immigrants nearly always go where their labor is in demand.Other groups have complaints, too. Immigrant-rights groups say that the path to citizenship would be too long and arduous and too few Hispanics would qualify. Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, fretted that the new stress on skills would hurt families, adding that her party is about families and family values. Some people worry that House Democrats will kill it to prevent Mr. Bush from enjoying a domestic success.Despite the indignation, public opinion favors the underlying principles. At least 60% of Americans want to give illegals a chance to become citizens if they work hard and behave. (1).Ted Kennedy is mentioned in the first paragraph toA introduce the main topic of immigration law reforming.B remind the Senate that they have an awesome responsibility.C stress the importance of securing the border and easing skills shortage.D emphasize the fact that even a Senator is a descendant of immigrants.A.B.C.D.解題思路 目的細節(jié)題。文章開頭講到的任何故事、人物都是以引入文章的主題為目的的。而本文重點講的就是移民法改革問題，因此A可以直接入選。(2).Which of the following is true about the present bill?A The bill is widely supported by various political strips.B The bill will impose severe punishment on illegal immigrants.C The bill is designed to improve American immigration system.D The bill will ensure that no illegals are knowingly hired.A.B.C.D.解題思路 判斷題。定位在文章第二段。該段首句就說明：如起草的那樣，該法案要以幾種方式去修補美國破爛移民體系的漏洞。也就是說要“改善美國的移民體系”。(3).The word stoned (line 1, paragraph3 ) most probably meansA stiffened. B constructed. C criticized. D supportedA.B.C.D.解題思路 含義題。第三段首句說“該法案剛剛亮相，就受到了來自各方的_”，因此，推測該詞的詞義要從下面的論據(jù)中尋找。下面各方所用的動詞分別為：denounce 譴責；deride嘲諷。由此可以判定，stone在這里是“批評”的意思。(4).It can inferred from the passage thatA the common citizens in the US tend to accept well-behaved illegals.B the democrats would do anything to prevent Bush from achieving success.C employers are the only group that enthusiastically support the new bill.D illegal immigrants always know where their skills are in great demand.A.B.C.D.解題思路 推理題。依據(jù)點在文章最后一段：盡管都很氣憤，公眾還是喜歡該法案背后的準則的。至少60%的美國人想要給予非法移民一個成為公民的機會，如果他們愿意努力工作并遵紀守法的話。說明美國的普通公民傾向于接受行為良好的非法移民。干擾最大的就是D選項，它錯誤的原因在于偷換了原文的概念，原文第四段尾句說“非法移民幾乎總是涌向最需要他們技能的地方”；而選項D變成“非法移民總是知道哪里最需要他們的技能”。(5).The authors attitude towards this immigration reform seems to beA supportive. B objective. C confused. D optimisticA.B.C.D.解題思路 態(tài)度題。本文作者引入移民改革話題以后，提到各個方面的觀點，有反對的，有支持的，而在結尾沒有提出自己的觀點，因此他的態(tài)度是“客觀的”。六、Text 3(總題數(shù)：1，分數(shù)：10.00)If American investors have learned any lesson in the last 25 years, it is to buy shares on the dips. The slide in 2000-2002 may have been longer and deeper than they were used to but normal service was eventually resumed, driving the Dow Jones Industrial Average to a record high on October 1st.Among American financial commentators, it is almost universally accepted that shares always rise over the long run. And one ou