精品文檔Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. 馬克吐溫曾被叫做美國小說的發(fā)明者。And he surly deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.并且他當然值得額外的贊揚：一個普及靈活的文學的攻擊對種族歧視。注：難點1, popularized 使受歡迎 使有名望 普及 推廣 使通俗化 使易懂難點2, clever 聰明的 靈活的I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.我說（他）靈活是因為反奴隸制度小說已經(jīng)成為重要的部分of文學在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)前幾年。H.B Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is only the most famous example.H的湯姆叔叔的小屋是唯一的最出名的例子。These early stories dealt directly with slavery.這些早期的故事直接地解決了奴隸制。With minor expectation,Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.伴隨著極少的期望，吐溫安置他的攻擊在奴隸制和偏見于故事，那些故事是安置在其他的某些事表面完全地。轉(zhuǎn)譯：那些故事在完全其他事物的表面體現(xiàn)出來，可以理解成表現(xiàn)得隱晦。He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.他把讀者拉近這個觀點通過把他們拉近這個故事。Again and again,in the postwar years,Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of the race.一次又一次，在戰(zhàn)后的幾年里，吐溫好像被強迫去解決質(zhì)疑of種族。難點1,postwar 超綱詞猜測 postpone意思是推遲即往后退 post-有往后的意思 所以 postwar 是戰(zhàn)后的意思。難點2,challenge翻譯成？挑戰(zhàn) 懷疑 質(zhì)問 艱巨任務 考驗 質(zhì)疑Consider the most controversial, (為什么動詞原形句首？)at least today, of Twains novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.考慮最具有質(zhì)疑的吐溫的小說，至少在今天是，A。Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twains most widely read tale.只有幾本書已經(jīng)被移除書架像Huckleberry Finn一樣多次，那是吐溫被閱讀最廣泛的書籍。as often as 每當; 每次; 像.一樣地多次Once upon a time,people hated the book because it stuck them as rude.從前，人們恨這本書因為它釘住他們正如（把他們描述成）粗魯?shù)?。翻譯難點：stuck要會意譯！沒有一個基本意思對得上。stick v. 刺; 刺死; 戮; 釘住; 粘住; 陷住; 釘住; 梗塞Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book consider the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(貧民窟)”吐溫自己寫道：那些禁止這本書的人認為這小說垃圾并且僅適合貧民困。More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim,the escaped slave,and many occurrence of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim for which the novel has often severely criticized,never appears in it.)最近這本書被攻擊因為人物Jim，那個逃跑的奴隸，以及很多出現(xiàn)“nigger”的地方。（術語黑人，這本書常常嚴格地批評的，從未在此出現(xiàn)）轉(zhuǎn)譯：專門拿來侮辱黑人的詞Nigger,也同時是這本書常常批評的（種族歧視），從未在書里出現(xiàn)。意思是書里面出現(xiàn)了Nigger但絕對不是拿來侮辱黑人的術語，因為這本書常常批評種族歧視。But the attack were and are silly-and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti-slavery.但是這些攻擊曾經(jīng)或是現(xiàn)在都是愚蠢的，并且沒有get到（吐溫的）point。這本書是強烈的反奴隸主義的。Jims search through the state for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.Jim的搜索，一個穿越整個州為了找到那個家庭的搜索，那個家庭是他（逃跑時）被強迫分開的，這個搜索是英勇的。轉(zhuǎn)譯：Jim在逃跑之后干了一件英勇的是即回去找當年那個被強迫與他分開的家庭。As J. Chadwick has point out ,the character of Jim was a first in American fiction-a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual:Jim,the father and the man.”正如JC以及指出，Jim這個人物是第一個美國小說中的一個承認，一個認為奴隸(也)有雙重性格的承認，“幸存的