虛擬語氣虛擬語氣陳述語氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如：0-0There are two sides to every question./ 0-1Were you busy all day yesterday?祈使語氣：表示說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。如：0-2Never be late again!/ 0-3Dont forget to turn off the light.虛擬語氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。如：0-4If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 一 真實(shí)條件與非現(xiàn)實(shí)條件真實(shí)條件表示現(xiàn)實(shí)情況中可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況而非真實(shí)條件表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相反的假想。1-1 If the working conditions are not too bad, I will accept the job.如果工作條件不太差，我會(huì)接受這項(xiàng)工作。(真實(shí)條件)1-2 If the working conditions were not too bad, I would accept the job.如果工作條件不太差，我就接受這項(xiàng)工作了。(非真實(shí)條件) (事實(shí)是The working conditions are too bad,、I wont accept the job)1-3 He said if he failed, he would have another try.他說他如果失敗，他還會(huì)再試一次。(真實(shí)條件)1-4 If he had failed, he would have had another try.如果他失敗的話，他會(huì)再試一次的。(非真實(shí)條件)(事實(shí)是He didnt fail and he didnt have another try.)二 非真實(shí)條件句2.1 if條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 類別用法例句If引導(dǎo)的條件從 句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式（be用were）主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If it werent snowing, we wouldnt stay in the house.（事實(shí)上現(xiàn)在下雪）If he hurried, he could catch the first bus.If it werent for your help, we would get into trouble. 與過去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：had+過去分詞主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞If I had been free, I would have visited you.If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time.If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.與將來事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/ were+不定式主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.We would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow.If I were to do the examination I would do it some other way.注意:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美國英語中，should常被would代替；從句中的should可用于各種人稱，且不可以被would所代替。2.2 混合虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)2.2.1不同時(shí)間的虛擬If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.（從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. （從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. （從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句與過去事實(shí)相反）2.2.2 虛擬與陳述的混合He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough. You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. 例題解析：The tree looked as if it _ for a long time.A. hasnt wateredB. didnt waterC. hadnt bee wateredD. wasnt watered那棵樹看上去好象很久沒人給澆水了。（答案是c）三 含蓄條件句非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句不出現(xiàn)if，假想條件只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。What would I have done without you? 如沒有你，我會(huì)怎么辦呢？(條件暗含在分詞短語without you中)It would be easier to do it this way. 這樣做會(huì)比較容易。(條件暗含在不定式短語to do it this way中)I would appreciate a little of your time. 謝謝你給我一點(diǎn)時(shí)間吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time) 3.1 without/but for/in the absence of 表示“要不是”，“如果沒有”(相當(dāng)于if it were not for)表示條件時(shí)，句中一般用虛擬語氣。（也可用陳述語氣）Without your help, I couldn t finish my work on time.In the absence of water and air, nothing could live. But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的幫忙，我們是難有成就的。3.2句中含有or, or else, otherwise, but等詞語，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虛擬語氣。He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I absent。I should have attended my friends wedding ceremony, but I couldnt afford the time。四 非真實(shí)條件句倒裝省略連詞if。在書面語中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. Had he seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. If I were you，I would do it at once. Were I you，I would do it at once. Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做這事。Had he had lunch (If he had had lunch), he would not have eaten so many cookies.五 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣5.1下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中insist(堅(jiān)持)， urge (催促)， order(命令)， command(命令)， request(請(qǐng)求，要求)， demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)suggest(建議)，advise(建議)，propose(建議) , recommend(建議， 推薦) 用(should ) +動(dòng)詞原形He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.注意：當(dāng)suggest表示暗示，insist表示堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn)，事實(shí)時(shí)，后接的賓語從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用真實(shí)語氣。His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.He insists that doing morning exercises does well to peoples health. 例題詳解：(1) “Shall I come tomorrow?” “Id rather you _.”A. wont B. didnt C. dont D. wouldnt(2) “Ive told him about it.” “But Id rather you _.”A. didnt B. hadnt C. dont D. wouldnt(3) “He will take you as well.” “But Id rather he _.”A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D. wouldntB5.2 wish后接that賓語從句表示一種假想情況，實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性較小5.2.1對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，假想的情況與主句主語的愿望同時(shí)發(fā)生：賓語從句動(dòng)詞用過去式，謂語be用were。例：I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道這個(gè)答案。(事實(shí)上是不知道)I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. 但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。(事實(shí)上不可能)Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,過去虛擬動(dòng)詞understood)現(xiàn)在他在中國，他希望能懂得中文。(事實(shí)上并不懂)5.2.2假想的情況在主句主語愿望前發(fā)生：賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)，例：I wish I hadnt wasted so much time.我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。(事實(shí)上已浪費(fèi)了)He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會(huì)。(其實(shí)已失去)We wished he had spoken to us. (事實(shí)上他并沒同我們講)例題分析：I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have slept B. sleptC. might have slept D. have slept動(dòng)詞wish后面接從句，表達(dá)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或與事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式（表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）或過去完成式（表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）。本題后半句謂語動(dòng)詞have用的是過去時(shí)had to get up and come, 所以前面要用過去完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。所以, 選項(xiàng)A)could have slept是答案5.2.3假想的情況在主句主語愿望之后發(fā)生：從句謂語動(dòng)詞用would+原形動(dòng)詞I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停止I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安靜一些。You wished she would arrive the next day. 你希望她第二天會(huì)到。I wish she would change her mind.我希望她會(huì)改變主意。六 主語從句中的虛擬語氣6.1 It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required+that從句(should) doIt is proposed that more students should go to university.6.2 It is natural/necessary/strange +that從句(should) do表驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、不滿、理應(yīng)如此等。Its strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然） It is important that we should learn from others.（表理應(yīng)如此）It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表驚訝、不滿)例題分析： It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night.A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play全句意思是：“旅館管理部門懇請(qǐng)客人晚上11點(diǎn)后不要打開收音機(jī)”。句中的謂語動(dòng)詞request（請(qǐng)求）所引出的從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語氣，即動(dòng)詞原形或“should動(dòng)詞原形”。本句的主語從句中，主語radio是謂語動(dòng)詞play 的客體，謂語應(yīng)當(dāng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。所以，答案是C) not be played。在上述這類句子中不能用動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)形式表示虛擬語氣，所以A)不正確。選項(xiàng)B) not to play是動(dòng)詞帶to的不定式，不能在句中作謂語。選項(xiàng)D)did not play也是動(dòng)詞play的過去時(shí)形式，同樣不能在本句中作為虛擬語氣來使用。而且，它是主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，而本題要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6.3 I It is high time that+從句= It is time that+從句，該是.的時(shí)候了，后面的從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形，但should不可省略。It is (high/about) time we went home.It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed.七 其他名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣7.1 My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal+ is +表語從句(should) do My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.7.2 His suggestion/advice/request/requirement+同位語從句(should) do+ is. The request that they should get more is reasonable.注意：在一些名詞性從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或“should +have done”，表示驚訝、意志等感情色彩，譯為“竟然，居然”。I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way。I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited。I am glad that your story should have won the first prize。八 其他句式中的虛擬語氣8.1 would rather +從句，常用過去時(shí)did表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反的愿望，用過去完成時(shí)had done表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather you hadnt told her the news.Frankly speaking, I would rather you came tomorrow. The manager isnt available today.I would rather you had gone to the party with me last night. It was really wonderful.注意：would rather do sth例題解析：(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “Id rather you _.”A. wont B. didnt C. dont D. wouldnt(2) “Ive told him about it.” “But Id rather you _.”A. didnt B. hadnt C. dont D. wouldnt(3) “He will take you as well.” “But Id rather he _.”A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D. wouldntB8.2 If only +從句 同樣表示假想，意為“要是就好了” ，相當(dāng)于wish (過去式-與現(xiàn)在相反)/ (would+動(dòng)詞原形-與將來相反) /( 過去完成時(shí)-與過去相反) If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊! If only she had not left! 如果她沒走就好了!If only he would come tomorrow!If only I had taken her advice!注意：only if是“只要”的意思，從句中用陳述語氣例題解析：Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followedif only 引出感嘆句，意思是“要是多好”，表示說話人的一種愿望，希望發(fā)生（事實(shí)上不可能發(fā)生）與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。本句的全句意思是：“看我現(xiàn)在的處境多糟糕！要是我聽從你的勸告多好”。事實(shí)上，句中的“我”沒有聽從勸告，所以處境很糟糕。題中空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語氣，答案是B。8.3 as if/though +從句 表示說話人假想的情況，用法同wish (過去式-與現(xiàn)在相反)/ (would+動(dòng)詞原形-與將來相反) /( 過去完成時(shí)-與過去相反) He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯獨(dú)他要對(duì)發(fā)生的一切負(fù)責(zé)。 The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.他們談了又談，仿佛他們不會(huì)再相見的樣子。8.4 lest, for fear that, in order that及in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，其謂語動(dòng)詞多由should動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，should可省略He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。例題解析：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself.A. injureB. injured C. had injureD. would injure這個(gè)瘋子被關(guān)進(jìn)墻上裝有襯墊的病房，以免傷了他自己。（答案是a）8.5表祝愿常用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首（多用于正式文體中）。May good luck be yours!祝你好運(yùn)！ May you be happy!祝你快樂！May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！1 - Im sorry. I _ at you the other day.- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted2 Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed3. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A. If B. SinceC. Though D. When4 - If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock. - What a pity! Tina _here to see you. A. is B. was C. would be D. has been5 I was really anxious about you. You _home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leave6 He suggested that the person _to be punished.A. refers B. refer C. should refer D. referred7 - Do you think the thief entered the room through the back door?- No, if he had, I dont believe he _the living-room window.A. would break B. broke C. would have broken D. breaks8 Without electricity, human life _quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be9 - _he come to see you as he promised? - Of course, please, and Id rather he _ me the truth. A. Will; informed B. Shall; told C. Should; will tell D. Can; tell10 - He looks very hot and dry.- So _ if you had a temperature of 39. A. would you B. will you C. would you have been D. do you考題精釋1. B?？疾樘摂M語氣中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇。should have done是虛擬用法，表示對(duì)過去情況的后悔或責(zé)備，D項(xiàng) 語氣太重，不符合語境。2. B。此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬意義的用法。I dont think是否定前移。意為：我認(rèn)為沒有你我們本不 能做成這件事的。此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)句意知道是虛擬語氣，其基本形式是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（過去式）+ have done，所以其他選項(xiàng)皆可排除。3. A。從題干意思看，句子明顯用虛擬語氣。If可引導(dǎo)虛擬的條件從句，指與事實(shí)相反或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的假 設(shè)。對(duì)過去的情景表達(dá)虛擬時(shí)條件句謂語用had + 過去分詞，主句用would/ could/ should have done形式。4. B。透過虛擬語氣透漏的信息：因交通擁擠，我六點(diǎn)以前沒能及時(shí)趕回；所以下文說：真遺憾，Tina六點(diǎn) 以前在（was）這里（要見你，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)走了），上句虛擬，下句真實(shí)。5. B。語境告訴考生，說話者對(duì)對(duì)方非常擔(dān)心又滿懷關(guān)切之情，既著急又生氣，因此難免說出埋怨的話：你 本不該不辭而別（而使我如此擔(dān)心）。shouldnt have left是一種虛擬說法，即“過去本不該離開”，符合 語境。6. D。suggest的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣“(should)+原形動(dòng)詞”， 故易誤選B, C.其實(shí)該題考查的是過去分詞 短語referred to作定語，從句的謂語是(should) be punished.7. C。對(duì)話中的No是關(guān)鍵詞，說明答話人已經(jīng)否認(rèn)小偷進(jìn)入過房間，所以后面的議論用的是與過去事實(shí)相反 的虛擬語氣。8. D?！凹偃缃裉鞗]有電，人們的生活就大不同了”，是一種虛擬表達(dá)，要用與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣謂 語，故選D. 這里Without短語表示虛擬條件。9. B?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用。表示征詢意見，shall用于第一、三人稱；would rather后接從句用過 去時(shí)表示虛擬語氣。10. A。根據(jù)句子的內(nèi)在邏輯暗示這里應(yīng)用“so +謂語+主語”句型表示前邊的一種情況也適用于后者；本句 中從句謂語動(dòng)詞had是解題的關(guān)鍵，這暗示if從句使用了虛擬語氣，那么與將來事實(shí)相反的主句謂語要用 could，would原形動(dòng)詞等，故選A。11 I forget where I read the article, or I _ it to you now.A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選?！痉治觥空_答案選B。根據(jù)上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didnt forget where I read the article（要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話但事實(shí)上忘了）。12. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _.”A. Hed better give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。【分析】最佳答案為D。關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí)，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。13. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _ you if you had so high a fever.”A. doB. areC. willD. would【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認(rèn)為前后兩句的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致；選C者，認(rèn)為其后帶有if 條件狀語從句，從語氣上看，主句應(yīng)用將來時(shí)態(tài)?！痉治觥看祟}最佳答案為D。分析如下：(1) “so + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示“也一樣”時(shí)。如：He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當(dāng)動(dòng)植物消失的時(shí)候，人類也會(huì)隨之消失。(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣（這是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應(yīng)選D。14. “He will come tomorrow.” “But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.”A. will comeB. is comingC. cameD. had come【陷阱】容易誤選A或B。根據(jù)上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時(shí)間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應(yīng)填一個(gè)一般將來時(shí)態(tài)?！痉治觥康祟}的最佳答案是 C。按照英語習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時(shí)，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成時(shí)表示過去。15. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. was; should be operatedD. was; be operated on【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高x D。insist后的從句謂語有時(shí)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，有時(shí)不用，具體要看該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣；若該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選D最合適。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題（答案選B）：16. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given upB. Had he given upC. Did he giveD. If he gave up【陷阱】容易誤選 D。【分析】正確答案應(yīng)選B。之所以不能選D，是因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對(duì)過去事實(shí)作出的假設(shè)，所以從句謂語應(yīng)該是 had given up，而不是像D項(xiàng)那樣用一般過去時(shí)。另外，當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時(shí)，通常可以省略 if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：(from )Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他們停止做廣告，價(jià)錢會(huì)降下來。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我會(huì)把那場(chǎng)面拍攝下來了。17. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you。A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed考點(diǎn)解析：句中的介詞短語without you表示一個(gè)假設(shè)的條件，而時(shí)間狀語last week表明句子陳述的內(nèi)容與過去的事實(shí)相反，因此最佳答案為B。18. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better。A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done考點(diǎn)解析：“What a pity!”暗示他的表現(xiàn)令人遺憾。鑒于他的能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他本來可能發(fā)揮得更好，因此用might have done，最佳答案為D。19. Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday? Well, I_, but I forgot it。A.should have B.must C.should D.must have考點(diǎn)解析：答語意為“我本來應(yīng)該去的，但是我忘記了”。should have done 表示“本來應(yīng)該做某事，而未做”。作為簡(jiǎn)略，done 被省略，只保留should have，最佳答案為A。20. I to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldnt get way。A. was planning B. had planned C. planned D. would plan考點(diǎn)解析：句意為：我原計(jì)劃去散步，但是有人來訪，我無法走開。had planned to do sth表示過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算。最佳答案為B。21. I would like _ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you。A. to invite B. inviting C. to have invited D. having invited考點(diǎn)解析：句意為：我本來想讓你參加我的生日宴會(huì)，可是因?yàn)槊?，我忘記了“。would like to have done sth。表示“本來想做某事(而未做)”。最佳答案為C。22. Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month? No, we _ visited it, but we spent too much time shopping。A. could have B. must have C. can have D. ought to have考點(diǎn)解析：句意為： “我們本來有時(shí)間參觀(文化古跡)的，可是我們?cè)谫徫锷匣ㄙM(fèi)了太多的時(shí)間”。 could have done表示“過去本來可以做某事(而未做) ”。最佳答案為A。23. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _ our chairman now. A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be 解析：這道題目是一個(gè)混合虛擬語氣的句子。條件句省略了if，把助詞had提前到主語前面，表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中now表明了對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)選would(should, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形這種表達(dá)形式。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有（D）是正確表達(dá)形式，故為正確答案。24. _ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A. In spite of B. But forC. Because of D. As for 解析：假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句表示，而是隱含在一個(gè)由介詞如but for、but that、without, 由連詞but、副詞otherwise 、比較級(jí)、形容詞、獨(dú)立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上由于英語考試而沒有去成，即若不是因?yàn)橛⒄Z考試，我本可以去聽音樂會(huì)，所以應(yīng)選（B）But for為正確答案。25 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth.A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling解析：if引導(dǎo)的從句要求用虛擬語氣，表示同時(shí)或?qū)淼那闆r，動(dòng)詞要用過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）或would(could等)+動(dòng)詞原形，本句話中指的是當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，所以要用過去式，故（A）是正確答案。26 Had he worked harder, he _ the exams.A. must have got through B. would have got throughC. would get through D. could get through解析：本題前半句是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件從句，后半句是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的主句。相當(dāng)于：If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.本題的答案是B. would have got through。選項(xiàng)A. must have got through（肯定通過）表示一種對(duì)過去事情的主觀推測(cè)，不是與過去事情相反的情況。另外，must不能用在虛擬條件句中。選項(xiàng)C. would get through（就會(huì)通過）是虛擬語氣現(xiàn)在時(shí)的一種表示方法，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。選項(xiàng)D. could get through（可能通過），could也可以用于非真實(shí)條件句里，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，但這里，它只表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)砜赡艿氖聦?shí)相反。27 Id rather you _ by train, because I cant bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.A. would goB. should goC. wentD. had gone解析：主語+would rather后接賓語從句,從句中謂語須用虛擬語氣：用一般過去時(shí)表示希望現(xiàn)在或?qū)韺?shí)現(xiàn)的行為或狀態(tài),用過去完成時(shí)表示希望過去實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為或狀