1、賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動(dòng)詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.時(shí)態(tài)：1主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)。2主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。3主句用過去時(shí)，從句是真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。1.賓語從句的連接詞從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.He told that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué).I dont know if there will be a

2、 bus any more.我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試.連接代詞連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎?I dont know whom you should depend on.我

3、不知道你該依靠誰.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.Could you

4、 please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示給我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.2.動(dòng)詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.He told us that they would help us though the whol

5、e work.他告訴我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)工作中,他都會(huì)幫忙的. 部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)的所有票都賣光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有:make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in mind牢記Make sure that there a

6、re no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我沒去聚會(huì),感覺非

7、常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要. 有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)尋要在賓語與從句前加it這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.He will have it

8、 that our plan is really practical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí), 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.We discovered what we h

9、ad learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.3.介詞的賓語從句用wh-類的介詞賓語從句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引

10、導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.4.形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會(huì)通過考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在打擾

11、你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.5.if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.如： I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留

12、下。 避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.6.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí);當(dāng)賓語從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí);當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時(shí);當(dāng)主語謂語動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語動(dòng)詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí);當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略;當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí);當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí);當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí);

13、當(dāng)主語中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí);當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí);在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí).7.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he wont come to my party.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì).I dont believe that man is ki

14、lled by Jim,is he?我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是?8.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)的時(shí)候從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I di

15、dnt know what country he was in.我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國(guó)家讀書,可不知道是哪個(gè)國(guó)家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否正在讀.從句過去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴的了Mary.從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后The reporter a

16、sked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)候不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí),不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public

17、might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.賓語從句，即：在主句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語的從句。學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。 連接詞一般都是that(指事務(wù)或人),which（指事）,who（指人） 1從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。 2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whetherornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。 3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。 注意：當(dāng)who為

18、主語時(shí)，句式為：who+謂語+其他三：判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況： 1。主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況 2。主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. The teacher told the children that the sun round.A. was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match.A. win B. won C. will win D. wins3. I dont know to visit the old man.A. whether B. if

19、 C. that D. whoThe soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 答：選B，動(dòng)詞reach后接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，where不可，which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)表疑問含義“哪一個(gè)”而此句中并非疑問含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意“過去的一座舊廟宇”；temple后為對(duì)其修飾的定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞which代替，并在從句中作動(dòng)詞used

20、的賓語，use sth. as“把用作whether + or not 賓語從句，在復(fù)合句中作賓語，位于及物動(dòng)詞后； eg Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？ 注：(1)主、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致： 主句謂語過去時(shí)，從句相應(yīng)過去時(shí)； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)任所需； eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具體過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時(shí)； egHe told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意問句； 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句否定式時(shí)，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意問句時(shí)，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致