1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請指正。定語從句 定語從句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。 關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。 關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why等。 一、 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 1）who,whom,that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞

2、或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下： Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語） Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語） 2)Whose用來指人或物，(只用作定語,若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換）,例如： Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。 Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.請遞給

3、我那本綠皮的書。 3）which,that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如： Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which/that在句中作賓語） Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作賓語) 二、 關(guān)系代詞that,which的用法 A.以下情況多用that. (1)如果先行詞是all,much,anyt

4、hing,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如： Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears. IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou? (2)如果先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,thebest等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that(指人時，可以用who),例如： ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind. Thatisthebestfilmthatwehaveseen. Iw

5、astheonlypersoninmyofficethat/whowasinvited. (3)當(dāng)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much所修飾時； Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree. (4)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾時。 ItisthefirstforeignbookthatIhaveeverseen. ThisisthemostbeautifulflowerthatIhaveseen. (5)在therebe句型中，常用that. Thereisamanthatlivesinthatvillage. (6)先行詞有兩個，一個

6、指人，一個指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如： Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely. B.以下情況用which. (1)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞前面有介詞時，指物常用which. Theprizeforwhichheworkedsohardwasanewbike. Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies. (2)非限制性定語從句指物時，多用which. Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight. Hewroteanarticle,whichtellsusaboutth

7、ecomputer. (3)如果先行詞本身是that時，只用which. Thisisthatwhichheboughtyesterday. (4)which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與andthis相似，例如： Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy. 三、 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。 1）when,where,why 關(guān)系副

8、詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如： Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。 Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？ 2）that代替關(guān)系副詞 that可以用于表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口

9、語中that常被省略，例如： Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。 Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)hewastreated. Thisisthereasonhewasabsent. 四、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代

10、詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear. IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou. 判斷改錯（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。） （錯）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear. （錯）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside. （對）Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlasty

11、ear. （對）Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside. 習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where,whenXXX在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 例1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysage? A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone 例2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld. A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theon

12、e 答案：例1D，例2A 例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis_youvisitedafewdaysago. 例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到賓語的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。 而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因inthemuseum詞組，可用介詞in+which引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on用的不對，所以選A。 關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先

13、行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where地點(diǎn)狀語，when時間狀語，why原因狀語)。 五、限制性和非限制性定語從句 1)定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如： Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性） Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmon

14、th,isverynice. 這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性） 2)當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如： CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。 Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 3)非

15、限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞,對其進(jìn)行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如： HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。 Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。 說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 六、介詞+關(guān)系詞 (1)“介詞關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 “介詞關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,f

16、rom,for,with,toat,of,without等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或which,不可用that。 ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago. Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub? (2)fromwhere為“介詞關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如： Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown. (3)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一

17、般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如： Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof. （4）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when和where互換。 ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago. ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago. Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub? Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub? （2）Some,any,none等或數(shù)詞+of+which/whom引

18、導(dǎo)的定語從句。例如 Ihavefourbooks,twoofwhichareinteresting. Itsafamilyofthreechildren,allofwhomIhaveevertaught. 七、as,which非限定性定語從句 關(guān)系代詞as也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其從句的謂語常是表示感知的動詞，如：know,see,hear,expect等。從句可放在主句之前、之中、或之后。As可以指主句中的某個成分，也可以指整個主句，as在從句中可以作主語、賓語或表語。例如： 1）Tom,asyouknow,isawriter. 2）Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermore

19、than70%oftheearth. 3）Tomdoesntfindhishomework,asoftenhappens. 4）Charlielooksstrong,asinfactheis. 由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth. Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous（）定語從句與表語從句的互換 Thatsthethingthatwereworryingab

20、out.（定語從句） Thatswhatwereworryingabout.（表語從句） 那就是我們正在擔(dān)心的事。 Thisisthewayshedidit.（定語從句） Thisishowshedidit.（表語從句） 這就是她做這件事的方法。 Thisisthereasonwhywemustgonow.（定語從句） Thisiswhywemustgonow.（表語從句） 這就是我們現(xiàn)在該走的理由。 ThatistheplacewhereXiaoLinwasborn.（定語從句） ThatiswhereXiaoLinwasborn.(表語從句) 那就是小林出生的地方。 （）定語從句與賓語從句

21、的互換 Idontknowthereasonwhysheissohappy.（定語從句） Idontknowwhysheissohappy.（賓語從句） 我不知道她為什么這樣高興。 Heshowedmetheplacewhereheusedtolive.（定語從句） Heshowedmewhereheusedtolive.（賓語從句） 他帶我看了他曾經(jīng)住過的地方。 DoyouknowthedatewhenWuhanwasliberated?（定語從句） DoyouknowwhenWuhanwasliberated?(賓語從句) 你知道武漢是什么時候解放的嗎？ （）定語從句與主語從句的互換 Th

22、ethingthatweneedismoretime.（定語從句） Whatweneedismoretime.（主語從句） 我們所需要的是更多的時間。 Thetimewhentheywillstartouthasnotbeendecidedyet.（定語從句） Whentheywillstartouthasnotbeendecidedyet.（主語從句） 他們什么時候動身還沒有決定下來。 Thereasonwhyhediditwasntquiteclear.（定語從句） Whyhediditwasntquiteclear.（主語從句） 定語從句模擬訓(xùn)練二1. Can you tell me t

23、he name of the factory _you paid a visit last week?A. what B. which C. to which D. to that2. We have two spare rooms downstairs, _ has been used for more than two months.A. but neither of which B. none of which C. but neither of them D. none of them3.Finally, the thief handed everything _he had stol

24、en to the police.A. which B. what C. whatever D. that4.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose5.All _is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which6.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been clea

25、ned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which7.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that8.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when9.He still lives

26、in the room _ window faces to the east.He still lives in the room, the window _ faces to the east.He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city.He still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. of which10._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the li

27、ghts._ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights._ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. Whoever11._ we all know, China is rich in natural resources._ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources._ is well-known, China is rich in natur

28、al resources.A. Which B. As C. It D. That12.Ill never forget the days _ we studied together. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. A. that B. / C. when D. A and B13.Galileo collected facts _ proved the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun. Galileo collected facts _ the earth

29、 and all the other planets moved around the sun. A. that B. which C. / D. A and B14.It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema. It was at eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema. A. which B. that C. when D. on which15.The orphan came from New York, _ is far from here.A. which B. that C.

30、where D. in which16. The beautiful village, _ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of the mountain. A. where B. that C. which D. what17. The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which18. The magazine _ Bett

31、y paid one dollar was very good. A. that B. which C. for which D. to which19. We admired him for the way _ he faced his difficulties. A. in which B. in that C. which D. how20. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see what was happening inside the room. A. in which B. through which C. a

32、t which D. on which21. The first birthday gift her parents _ was a necklace. A gave it to her B. gave her C. gave her it D. gave it for her22. Robert is good at languages, _ we all know. A. because B. for C. as D. since23. Who is the man _our headmaster just shook hands? A. of whom B. that C. with w

33、hom D. with who24. There is only one problem _ they disagree.A. about which B. of which C. on which D. that25. He is a man _ we can learn very much.A. of whom B. that C. of who D. from whom26. people think highly of the patience _ he serves the customers. A. of which B. with which C. that D. by whic

34、h27. I will never forget the day _ I joined the Party.A. when B. at which C. that D. which28. He has not reached the age _ he can marry.A. that B. at which C. by which D. on which29. Tom is the student _ our teacher got angry. A. with who B. to whom C. about whom D. with whom30. When you read the bo

35、ok, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where31. We expressed the hope _ Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year. A. that B. which C. what D. when32. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, _ didnt help. A.

36、 he B. which C. she D. it33. Have you seen the film Titanic, _ leading actor is world famous? A. its B. its C. whose D. which34.The reason _ Im writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday. A. because B. why C. for D. as35. Do you remember one evening a week ago _ I came to your room and

37、borrowed a dictionary? A. that B. which C. when D. where36.We should learn from those _are always ready to help others.A. who B. whom C. they D. that37.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _in China. A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working38 .Tom is the only one of the stud

38、ents who _to Shanghai.A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone39.I,_your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am40.The old man has two sons, _are lawyers.A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they41.He is a man of great kn

39、owledge, _much can be learneD. A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom42.Do you know the man _just now? A. to who I nodded B. I nodded to C. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him.43.The man _has gone to Japan. A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you

40、about44.Please pass me the dictionary _cover is black.A. which B. its C. whose D. which of45.The radio set _last week has been out of order.A. I bought B. I bought it C. which I bought it D. what I bought46.All the apples _fell down from the tree were eaten op by the pigs.A. which B. / C. that D. th

41、ey47.I can tell you _he told me last week. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that48.This is the biggest lab _we have ever built in our university.A. which B. what C. that D. where49.Is oxygen the only gas _helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. what50.Air,_we breathe every day,is around

42、 us all the time.A. that B. / C. which D. it51.This is the museum _we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that52.This museum is _you visited the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. the one53.This is the museum _you saw the other day. A. that B. where C. in which D. in

43、that54.It is the third time _late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived55.It was in 1969_the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. in which D. when56.We often think of the days _we spent together on the islan

44、d. A. when B. which C. in which D. during which57.Have you ever been to Shanghai, _I left ten years ago?A. where B. which C. that D. when58.He has left Beijing, _a meeting is to be held. A. when B. where C. as D. which59.His father died last year, _made it impossible for him to go abroad. A. when B.

45、 which C. as D. that60.This is the very place _Im wishing to live in.A. where B. which C. that D. in which61.Is it in that factory _”Red Flag” cars are made?A. in which B. where C. that D. which62.I have bought the same dress _she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. than63.Can you solve such proble

46、ms _raised by the audience?A. what were B. as were C. that were D. which were64.The reason _he didnt come was _he was injured. A. that, because B. why, that C. why, because D. that, that65.He must be from Africa, _can be seen from his skin.A. that B. as C. it D. what66._is natural, he married Mary.

47、A. It B. What C. Which D. As67.The buses, _were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of them B. most of which C. which most D. that most68.All_is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which69.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of _had no

48、t been cleaned for years. A. these B. those C. that D. which70.She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that71.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom72.This is one of the means _t

49、he electric energy is conducted from one place to another.A. by which B. by that C. through which D. through that73.The place _you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A. in which B. at which C. where D. which74.The last river _they crossed is two miles wide.A. where B. which C. that D. in whic

50、h75.The Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks _built in the Qing Dynasty.A. where were B. where was C. that were D. which was76.The factory _I am going to is the place _my mother used to work many years ago.A. where, where B. where, which C. which, where D. that, which77.Dont trust such men _overpraise you to your face.A. as B. that C. who D. which78.The professor has two sons, _are teaching in the same university.A. neither of them B. either of t