1、（狀語從句）（狀語從句） 1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:（時間狀語從句）Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses: 2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason(原因狀語從句） 3.Adverbial Clauses of Conditions(條件狀語從句） 4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地點狀語從句） 5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的狀語從句） 6.Adverbial Clauses of Result（結果狀語從句） 7.Adverbial Claus

2、es of Comparison（比較） 8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession(讓步） 9.Adverb Clauses of Manner(方式狀語從句 )I. 時間狀語從句時間狀語從句: when, while, as, after, before, since, until/till, as soon as, hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second, by the time , immediately . whe

3、n/while/asWhen + (1)延續(xù)性動詞，表示段時間 e.g. When I was young, I liked dancing. (2)瞬間性動詞，表示點時間(不能用 while） e.g. It was snowing when we got to the airport (3)表示“這時” “正在這時候” e.g. I was walking on the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder. (4) 主從句動作先后發(fā)生(不能用 while） e.g. When I got to the cinema,

4、 the film had already begun. While + (1) 延續(xù)性動詞 e.g.1. While I slept, a thief broke in. 2.She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper. (2) 表示兩種情況對比，“然而” “而” e.g. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldnt. (3) 表示“趁著時候”(強調主從句動作同時發(fā)生). e.g. Strike

5、while the iron is hot.LOREM IPSUM DOLORAs 側重主從句動作同時發(fā)生，常譯為 “一邊一邊.” e.g.The students took notes as they listened. “隨著” e.g.As time goes by, we have gained more and more knowledge. 注意 若主句謂語是短暫性動作，從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內正在進行的動作時，三者可以互換！ we were having an English class, a stranger broke in.Practice_ l was

6、walking down the street，I saw some policemen_they heard the news，they were surprisedThey shouted slogans _they passed the square.When/While/AsWhenaswhen, while, as的用法區(qū)別 只有當從句表示的是段時間，即其謂語動詞有持續(xù)性特征時，這三者可以通用互換。 eg. I got the news on the radio when/ while/ as I was having breakfast. 我在吃早飯的時候從收音機里獲悉這一消息。在

7、下列情況下，三者彼此之間不能替換使用：aas更強調同一時間或緊接的一前一后或伴隨著的變化。 eg.As he grew older, he became less and less active. 隨著他年齡的增長，他變得越來越不活潑了bwhen更強調特定時間，還可表示從句中的動作先于或后于主句的動作。 eg. When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone. （從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意主從句的時態(tài)） When I finally got there, the meeting had been on f

8、or ten minutes. （從句動作發(fā)生在主句之后，注意時態(tài)）cwhile從句只能表示延續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)或主從句中動作的對比。eg. She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter. 她以為我在談論她女兒，而事實上，我在談論我的女兒。 d若表示兩個短促動作幾乎同時發(fā)生時，用 as場合多于when。eg. As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause. 他結束演講時，觀眾爆發(fā)出雷鳴般

9、的掌聲。before before表示在一段時間之前。 eg. I must finish all the work before I go home. 回家之前我必須干完所有的活。 before 從句往往帶有否定的含義。 eg. Take it down before you forget it. 趁著還沒忘記的時候就記錄下來。after after表示在一段時間之后。eg. Lets play football after school. 放學后我們踢足球吧。 The sun came out soon after the storm stopped. 暴風雨過后不久，太陽出來了。注：be

10、fore和after引導的狀語從句，主從句發(fā)生的動作先后順序很明確，因此after從句中的謂語動詞常常使用一般過去時來代替過去完成時。 After he (had) finished his homework, Tom began to play computer games. Since 注意 since 引導的時間狀語從句，主句常用完成時，從句常用一般過去時。 He has written to me frequently since he was ill.句型 It is /has been + 一段時間+ since ，如果從句是延續(xù)性動詞，,用一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時不同。 It is

11、/has been two years since he was in the army. (反向翻譯） 他離開軍隊兩年了。 It is/has been two years since he has been in the army. 他當兵兩年了。1.-Since when _the country _ open to international trade? -1978, I suppose. 2._ 5 years _ he graduated from college. _ 2 years _ he smoked. has beenIt is since It is since關連詞

12、組hardly/scarcelywhenno soonerthan as soon as三種句子結構表示“一就”。注意： 時態(tài) as soon as 以一般時態(tài)代替將來時態(tài) no sooner（一旦.立即.), hardly, scarcely(幾乎不）后的句子用過去完成時，than/when 后的句子用一般過去時。 倒裝 當hardly或no sooner位于句首時，要倒裝。我一到達上海就給你打電話。我一到達上海就給你打電話。時態(tài)要求：時態(tài)要求：改錯改錯: I hardly got home when it began to rain 時態(tài)要求：時態(tài)要求：I will call you as

13、 soon as I arrive in Shanghai.had以一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時以一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時主句用主句用had done, 從句用從句用didno sooner.than,hardly.when,scarcely.whenHe had hardly arrived when it began to snowHardly _when it began to snowWe had hardly walked into the hall when the lecture startedHardly _ walked into the hall when the lecture st

14、arted_she gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more_the boy reached the door than he came backhad he arrivedhad weNo sooner hadNo sooner had倒裝 until/till until / till “直到止”(肯定句，主句是延續(xù)性動詞); I ll wait until/till the concert is over. (till不能放在句首，但是until了的位置不受限制)notuntil “直到才” he didnt leave the of

15、fice until he finished the task.注意：倒裝句、強調句，及位于句首時，只能用until。 當not until位于句首時，主句中的主語、謂語要使用部分倒裝語序。Not until I returned did she finish her homework. not until 句型句型與強調句型結合與強調句型結合I didnt go to sleep until he came back.與倒裝句式結合與倒裝句式結合It was not until he came back that I went to sleep.Not until he came back

16、did I go to sleep.1 The meeting didnt start_ everyone was thereA. becauseB. until C. why D. if 2 The boy _ to bed _ his mother came in. A.went not; until B. didnt go; after C. went; until D. didnt go; until Practice 1.Mother waited for Tom till/ until far into the night. ( 持續(xù)性動詞) 2.Tom didnt get bac

17、k till / until everything was all right.(短暫性動詞) =_ everything was all right _. Not until did Tom get backby the time 引導的從句引導的從句在一般情況下在一般情況下 從句從句:一般過去時一般過去時 主句主句:過去完成過去完成時時； 從句從句:一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 主句主句:一般將一般將來時或來時或將來完成時將來完成時 By the time we got to the station, the bus _ left. By the time you receive this let

18、ter, I _ left this city for my hometown.hadwill have 1. I was waiting for the bus while I met him. 2. While he was doing his homework, I listened to the radio.3. Ill tell you as soon as Ill know.4. We often finish our homework after we go to bed.5. We have been friends after we met at school.6. Jim

19、didnt go to bed since his mother came back.whenwas listening before sinceuntil主要有主要有every time(每次每次)，each time(每次每次)，(the) next time(下次下次)，any time(隨時隨時)，(the) last time(上次上次)，the first time(第一次第一次)： 表示表示“上次上次”、“下次下次”、“每次每次”等的等的 時間連詞時間連詞I thought her nice and honest_ I met her.A.first time B. for th

20、e first time C. the first time D. by the first time 1Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office（10四川）四川）Asince Bthat Cwhen Duntil2. John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. （10陜西）陜西）A. when B. after C. before D. since 3.She had just finished her homework_ her mother asked her