1、中考二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第 11 講、詞語運(yùn)用專題（講義） 【知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛】 義務(wù)教育新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)詞語運(yùn)用試題的界定： 要求初中畢業(yè)生能夠理解和領(lǐng)悟詞語的基本含義以及在特定語境中的意義；能夠了 解常用語言形式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用表意功能；能夠根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀 策略獲取信息；掌握單詞、短語、習(xí)慣用語和固定搭配的使用等。 詞語運(yùn)用命題特點(diǎn)： 近幾年，河南省中考英語詞語運(yùn)用題，保持了應(yīng)用性、探究性、綜合性和時(shí)代性的 特征，著重考查了學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)能力、綜合能力和書面表達(dá)能力。詞語運(yùn)用題主要考查學(xué) 生對(duì)知識(shí)應(yīng)用的熟練程度，對(duì)語言的遷移能力和對(duì)語言信息的綜合處理能力。 題材：故事、文化習(xí)俗、科普小品、體育等。

2、 考察范圍：介詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、連詞、代詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、習(xí)慣表達(dá)等，既注重語法 知識(shí)和習(xí)慣用語的考查，又加強(qiáng)對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)了寫的成分。 （具體見考點(diǎn) 分布表） 河南中考英語詞語運(yùn)用題考點(diǎn)分布表: 分類 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 文體 記敘文 記敘文 記敘文 記敘文 記敘文 記敘文 詞數(shù) 239 230 204 192 152 197 話題 講述了當(dāng)今社 會(huì)人們把太多 時(shí)間放在智能 手機(jī)上，卻忽略 真實(shí)生活中的 人和事的現(xiàn)象 講述了一 種當(dāng)前最 受歡迎的 心形手勢(shì) 高中的學(xué) 生在奧克 蘭的機(jī)場(chǎng) 賣咖啡的 故事 講述了一個(gè) “以其人之 道， 還治其 人

3、之身”的 故事 邁 克 爾杰克 遜的經(jīng) 歷和演 唱生涯 人生價(jià) 值 考點(diǎn)分布分值 名詞 2 2 2 2 2 1 代詞 1 1 1 1 1 1 動(dòng)詞 3 3 3 3 2 2 形容詞 2 2 / 2 1 2 連詞 1 1 1 / / 1 介詞 / 1 / 1 1 1 副詞 1 / 2 1 2 1 數(shù)詞 / / 1 / 1 1 （一）重點(diǎn)考查單詞拼寫、語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，在考查詞匯的同時(shí)考查讀與寫的能力。 這就要求考生首先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答題時(shí)除了考慮詞法、句法，還要研究語 篇中句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、銜接和連貫等問題。 （二） 以上表格顯示詞語運(yùn)用主要考查包括名詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、連詞、代詞以及介 詞等，基本包

4、括所有詞類。文體方面主要是以記敘文為主。今年河南省中考英語詞語運(yùn) 用試題可能會(huì)延續(xù)以前的考查模式，設(shè)空時(shí)仍然會(huì)以名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等實(shí)詞為主， 副詞等其他的虛詞也會(huì)有所涉及。 （三） 重視句子之中或句子與句子之間的聯(lián)系， 側(cè)重所給詞的變化，如名詞、動(dòng)詞、 數(shù)詞、代詞、形容詞等形式上的變化。 （四） 試題選材符合考生的書面表達(dá)水平， 文體偏重記敘文，以故事類的話題為主， 短文內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活。詞數(shù)在 200左右。短文共設(shè)10個(gè)小題，每空一詞，第 一句話一般不設(shè)空，試題力求答案的唯一性。 詞語運(yùn)用注意事項(xiàng) 形式、詞法、句法、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 詞語運(yùn)用試題的做題步驟: 1、 跳過空格，通讀全文，了解

5、大意 2、 復(fù)讀全文，確定語義，判斷詞形 3、 利用語境，確定詞形。 4、 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 詞語運(yùn)用的關(guān)鍵： 1. 定詞: 2. 變形： a. _ b. _ c. _ d. _ e. _ 一、定詞 _ 用方框內(nèi)所給的詞或短語進(jìn)行填空，兩項(xiàng)多余 various similar with care familiar in trouble destroy medici nes depends on mach ines gets Today I ngoi ng to talk about rain forests. Are you _ with them? They re interesting

6、 and exciting places! Many kinds of the world pslants and animals live in the rainforests. However, rainforests are _ nowthey are disappearing very fast because they are cut down or burnt every day. As a result, _ animals and plants are dying out. Maybe you have never been to a rainforest, so why sh

7、ould you protect them _ ? Rainforests are important to everyone. They are important because the plants in the rainforests make oxygen. We need oxygen to breathe. Rainforest also help to control the weather. When trees are cut down, it _ hotter. Besides, one quarter of our _ come from plants. Many of

8、 these plants can be found only in rainforests. There is a lot that we have not learnt about rainforests. If we _ them, we will never find out. In my opinion, our future _ saving the rainforests. We must tell more people how important rainforests are so that they will stop doing harm to them. We mus

9、t protect the rainforests now. We have to act now to save our only home. 二、變形 _ a. 動(dòng)詞 _ 1. “ What is the boy doing? ” I asked myself and looked c“l(fā)osOehly,.he is _ (pick) up a coin from the ground. ” When he _ (stand) up, we saw each other. 2. I asked him if he _ (need) some money. He replied, “ No.

10、 That s okay. ” 3. From her sad look, Susie noticed that Mrs. Smith must _ (cry) for a long time. 4. They _ (live) here since 2000. 5. There is a German proverb that says, “ Friendship is a plant that must be _ (water). 6. The book written by Lu Xun _ (sell) well. 7. _ (think) about the connections

11、( 聯(lián)系 ) between words may help you to remember them. 8. Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let s try our best _ (help) th 9. Would you please give me as many _ (suggest) as possible? 10. The window _ (break) by Jim yesterday has been mended. 11. Don t you see a boy _ (run) towards us? b

12、. 形容詞副詞 _ 12. The shark got her left arm, and hurt her _ (bad). Luckily, she tried her best and swam back to the land. 13._ He felt (true) sorry for what he said. 14. This kind of coffee tastes very _ (well). 15. Her little dog died yesterday. This made her very _ (happy). 16._ A person who is (hone

13、st) always tells lies. 17. She didn t give up her dream of becoming a surfer, but she had to practice _ (hard) than before. 18._ Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of (rich) persons in the world. 19. There s not much _ (deirfef nt) in price between the two mobile phones. c. 名詞 _ 20. All those foreign _

14、 (thief) have been caught. 21. All parents worry about their _ (child) success. 22.Do you know the girl? She is a friend of my _ (sister). 23. The story is really _ _ (humor). It makes all of us laugh a lot. 24.I want to learn how to eat _ (health). d. 數(shù)詞 _ 25. Most people speak English as a _ (two)

15、 language. 26. Two _ (five) of the students in our class are league members. 27. They go to the library _ _ (one) a week. e. 代詞 _ 28. Mother asked the Greens to help _ (they) to some pears. 29._ My hobby is reading comic books, what about _ (you)? 30. There isn t _ (something) wrong with the compute

16、r. f. 介詞連詞 精講精練】 A 請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文。每個(gè)空只能填寫一個(gè)形式正確、意義相符的單詞。 The Great Wall is known as the eighth wonder of the world. Every year thousands of tourists from all over the world come to visit this place of 1 _ in China. Last Saturday I went to the Great Wall 2 _ some of my friends. It was a sunny day. On

17、our way up, we saw many volunteers keeping order in the sun. They helped the elders with their bags, 3 photos for some tourists and answered people s questions. Though the are very 4 _ , they didn t stop to have a rest. We wemreovdeedepwlyhen we saw this. Just at that moment, we saw 5 _ little boy s

18、tanding alone and crying. We went over and asked what 6 _ to him. From his answer we knew that he couldn t find his mother. We told him not to 7 _ about it and then we tried to get in touch with his mother with the phone number he gave us. Twenty minutes 8 _ , his mother turned up. When she saw her

19、son, she was very excited and thanked 9 _ with tears in her eyes. That day we not only enjoyed the beauty of the Great Wall, but also felt the warmth of the society. 10 everyone can reach out a helping hand to others, the world around us will be more and more harm onious 和諧的）. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4._ 5.

20、_ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9._ 10. _ B 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。 （每空一詞） Frank was a curious boy. The first time he saw an hourglass （沙漏）, he wondered what it was. His mother said, “An hourglass is made in the s_11_ of 8. The sand is put in at one end, and runs through a small hole in the m_12_. It takes

21、 the sand exactly an hour to run through. Frank w _ 13 _ the little stream of sand. He was i _ 14 _ , because it would not run faster. “Let me shake it, mother, ” said he. “It is lazy, and will never get through. “It will, Son, ” said his mother. “The sand moves little bydvee,abuthiemme. Whe n you l

22、ook at the hands of the clock, you think they go very s _ 15 _ , but they n ever stop. While you are at play, the sand is r _ 16 _ , grain by grain. The hands of the clock are moving, sec ond by sec ond. At ni ght, the sand in the hourglass has run through twelve times. The hour hand of the clock ha

23、s moved a _ 17 _ its great face. This is becausethey keep worki ng every min ute. They do not stop to t _ 18 _ how much they have to do and how long it will take them to do it. ” Now, Frank s mother wan ted him to lear n a little poem, but he said, “ Mother, I car learn i _ 19 _ . ” His mother said,

24、 “ Study all the time. N_ 20 _ stop to ask how long it will take to lear n it. ” Frank followed his mother s advice. He studiecbrnieieft/ery busily; and in one and a half hours he knew the poem perfectly. 11. _ 12. _ 13. _ 14. _ 15. _ 16. _ 17. _ 18. _ 19. _ 20. _ C 用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。每個(gè)詞限用一次。 another c

25、arry control have life well tree so usual wild Animals are important in Indian culture and are treated in a special way. For example, a lot of elephants aren t 21 _ . They are domes馴a養(yǎng)的（.They aren t kept as pets, but as work ing ani mals. Every work ing elepha nt 22 _ its own keeper. An elepha nt an

26、d its keeper meet for the first time when they are both young, and they grow up together. In fact, their relati on ship continues for the rest of the elepha nt 2 _ perhaps 40 years. Lots of elepha nts work in the forest, movi ng heavy 24 _ whe n they are cut dow n. Some give rides to tourists, or 25

27、 _ people during celebrations and festivals. Keepers take excellent care of their elephants, feeding them 26 _ and giving them a bath at the end of the working day. 27 _ special animal in India is the cow. Cows are protected animals, 28 _ they aren t kept on farms or killed for food, although people

28、 do use their milk. So in India you can often see cows walking around towns and cities, and nobody tries 29 _ them. If they sit down in the middle of the road, people 30 _ drive around them! Do you think it s interesting? 21. _ 22. _ 23. _ 24. _ 25. _ 26. _ 27. _ 28. _ 29. _ 30. _ 參考答案】 【知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛】 詞語運(yùn)用的關(guān)鍵：定詞 變形 1. 定詞：動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞、感嘆詞 2. 變形： a. 動(dòng)詞：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、詞性變化等 b. 形容詞 /副詞：詞性變化、反義詞、級(jí)別變化等 c. 名詞：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格、詞性變化等 d. 數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞變化、單復(fù)數(shù)等 e. 代詞：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)、反身代詞、 （人稱代詞 ）主賓格、形物代 /